Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.11 Published:15 April 2023

  Characteristics and Genotype Analysis of High-quality Indica Rice Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line ‘7-163S’ ZHANG Caijuan, ZHOU Kunneng, XIA Jiafa, WANG Yuanlei, YUN Peng, MA Tingchen, WU Dexiang, LI Zefu 2023, 39 (11):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0293 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 79 ) In order to develop a suitable breeding strategy, the characteristics and genotypes of the indica rice photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line ‘7-163S’ were analyzed. ‘7-163S’ and its combinations or varieties were used to investigate the key agronomic characteristics. The genotypes of ‘7-163S’ were also determined using genome sequencing and the RiceNavi database. The results show that ‘7-163S’ has excellent agronomic characteristics, good fecundity, low beginning temperature of fertility alteration, and medium resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. Four hybrid combinations or varieties were bred, showing moderate growth periods, good quality and high yield. Genotype analysis reveals that ‘7-163S’ contains resistance alleles to rice blast, bacterial blight and brown planthopper, as well as excellent alleles of low chalkiness, high nitrogen utilization efficiency and cold tolerance. However, the broad-spectrum blast resistance genes Pi2, Pi9 and Pigm, broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance gene Xa23, fragrance gene fgr, and cadmium low accumulation genes OsCd1 and OsNRAMP5 are absent in ‘7-163S’. Combining genotypes with phenotypes can provide theoretical support for gene aggregation to enhance ‘7-163S’ resistance and breeding of new varieties.

  Effects of Spraying Time of DPC on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Under Low Density TIAN Wenqiang, SU Lili, MENG Lingyi, MA Yijian, TANG Jianghua 2023, 39 (11):  10-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0230 Abstract + ( 239 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 42 ) To solve the problems of low planting density and yield decline caused by low temperature and cold climate damage at the early stage of cotton growth in Xinjiang, we took ‘Nongda Cotton No. 4’ as the material, and adopted the split plot experiment design. Two treatments were set for the planting density in the main area: 192000 plants /hm2 (M1) and 144000 plants /hm2 (M2), and four treatments were set for the spraying time in the sub-area: delaying 0 days (D0), 3 days (D3), 6 days (D6) and 9 days (D9). The effects of spraying time on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton under different low densities were studied. The results showed that delaying the spraying time of DPC weakened its inhibitory effect on cotton growth, gave better play to the individual plant advantage of cotton, shaped different plant types, increased the leaf area index by 9.19%-45.34%, decreased the SPAD value by 1.28%-5.03%, decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 5.18%-15.75%, and increased the yield of pre-summer bolls by 4.66%-18.53%. The decrease of planting density reduced the leaf area index by 24.42%, increased the SPAD value by 2.66%, increased the net photosynthetic rate by 5.57%, increased the boll opening rate by 8.59% 20 days after DPC spraying, increased the number of bolls per plant by 22.98%, and the consequence of the yield of the seed cotton was D3>D6>D0>D9. Therefore, under the low density of 192000 plants /hm2 and 144000 plants /hm2, it is suggested that the spraying time of DPC should be delayed for 3 days and 6 days respectively, so as to give better play to the advantages of individual cotton plant, and achieve stable yield.

  Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Plants Response to Copper Stress: A Review LI Jia, DU Ruiying, WANG Xu, CHEN Guang 2023, 39 (11):  18-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0555 Abstract + ( 282 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1454KB )   ( 2247 ) Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human body, animals and plants, and participates in various morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. Copper is a cofactor of many enzymes and plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration and electron transport chain. It is also a structural component of defense genes. In order to provide more systematic theoretical reference for the future study of copper stress on plants, based on the adverse effects of excessive copper on physiological processes such as plant germination, growth, photosynthesis and anti-oxidation summarized in previous studies, this paper reviews the biological functions of copper, the toxicity of excessive copper to plant growth and development, the role of copper transporters and chaperone proteins, and the tolerance mechanism of plants to copper stress. The future research direction is prospected, which provides a basis for formulating effective strategies to maintain copper homeostasis.

  Medicinal and Edible Abelmoschus manihot: Sequencing and Characteristic Analysis of Full-length Transcriptome YE Guangying, WANG Zaihua, LIU Hailin, LI Jie 2023, 39 (11):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0219 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1904KB )   ( 30 ) The purpose of this study is to elucidate main biological processes and molecular mechanism of flavonol synthesis in Abelmoschus manihot at the transcriptome level. Using the PacBio Sequel platform of high-throughput sequencing, the mixture of flowers, stems and leaves was taken as material, and the full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed by single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) method. After quality control of the sequencing data, a total of 53925 high-quality transcripts were obtained, among which 53329 genes were annotated by public database. There were 16574 genes annotated in 138 pathways, of which the most annotated pathway was metabolic pathway (8556 genes), followed by biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites (4650 genes). In total, 10700 genes underwent alternative splicing events, and seven alternative splicing types were presented. Moreover, 3287 transcription factors were predicted, with the bHLH transcription factor family having the most genes. 5683 SSR loci were detected, and the AAG/CCT type was the most. 170 genes related to flavonol synthesis were identified, including 10 key glycosyltransferase genes, and CHS and F3H genes underwent intron-sparing variable splicing. This study revealed the overall level of transcriptome and flavonol biosynthesis pathway genes of A. manihot, and provided reference for its genetic improvement and functional gene mining and utilization.

  Habitat Characteristics and Light Adaptability of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains QIANG Yi, DU Xinyi, CUI Langjun, GUO Hua 2023, 39 (11):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0320 Abstract + ( 223 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 56 ) In order to clarify the natural habitat characteristics of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains and its response to different light conditions, the methodology of community quantitative analysis was applied to categorize and rank the natural clusters of S. sphenanthera. At the same time, the ecological niche width of S. sphenanthera and the degree of niche overlap with the main shrub species were measured. Furthermore, the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves of leaves under different light conditions were measured as well. The results show that the habitats of S. sphenanthera in the Qinling Mountains could be divided into four categories: northern subtropical coniferous forest; warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; warm temperate deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen, deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Among the shrub layers of the four habitats, S. sphenanthera is ranked the top 20% in the importance value, and is one of the main species of understory shrubs. The forward selection and Mente Carlo test were performed on seven environmental factors, and finally, two ecological factors, canopy closure and slope position, were screened out, and a total of 79% of the environmental information was extracted. Among the various habitats, S. sphenanthera has a wider niche width and a larger niche overlap with other understory shrubs, indicating that it has strong interspecific competition with understory shrub species. Under full-light condition without shading, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII both decrease, and there is an obvious K point in the chlorophyll fluorescence fast kinetic curve (OJIP). It indicates that the strong light inhibits the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and may affect the energy distribution pattern of the plant. All four types of natural habitats of S. sphenanthera are shaded under the canopy, and excessive light can lead to a decrease in its photosynthetic efficiency. It is suggested that the natural habitat should be simulated as much as possible in artificial ecological cultivation, and appropriate shade should be provided.

  Three Medicinal Ingredients of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz: Extraction and Determination Based on HPLC LI Hanqiu, DU Jingyan, MANZILA·Tudaji, SONG Xinyu, TIAN Yelin, WANG Jianfang 2023, 39 (11):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0257 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1601KB )   ( 32 ) To optimize the extraction procedure of atractylodin, atractylone and β-Eudesmol of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz and the HPLC analytical method, the sample consumption, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature in the procedure of sample extraction were analyzed, and chromatographic conditions were investigated one by one. The extraction condition was as follows: sample consumption of 0.8 g, and ultrasonication at 40℃ for 60 min. The chromatographic condition was as follows: chromatographic column (Venusil MP C18, 4.6×150 mm, 5 μm, 150 A), and column temperature of 28℃. To detect atractylodin and atractylone, methanol: water (82:18) was used as the mobile phase; to detect β-Eudesmol, acetonitrile: 0.2% sodium bicarbonate: 10% methanol (65:25:10) was used as the mobile phase. In the range of 0.002-1 mg/mL, the peak areas of atractylodin, atractylone and β-Eudesmol had good linear relationships (R2=0.9999-1, n=6). The average recovery ratio was 97.7%-102.17%, RSD was 1.52%-2.49%, n=6. This method is accurate and simple and it could be used for determining the content of atractylodin, atractylone and β-Eudesmol of A.chinensis of 1-4 years old.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency of Summer Soybean TIAN Yixin, GAO Fengju, ZHU Guanxiong, CAO Pengpeng, WANG Chunyu, GAO Qi, HUA Fangjing 2023, 39 (11):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0326 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 54 ) To clarify the application effect of controlled-release fertilizer on different soybean varieties under local production conditions, and to change the rough and indiscriminate traditional fertilization mode, 7 soybean varieties were used as materials, and the effects of three fertilization treatments [no fertilizer (CK), traditional compound fertilizer (FH) and special controlled-release fertilizer (KS)] on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of soybean were studied. The results showed that compared with compound fertilizer, the plant height, pod number per plant and grain number of per plant under controlled-release fertilizer treatment increased by 2.68-4.35cm, 3.82-6.45 and 5.20-14.94, respectively. And the total dry weight of root, stem, pod and plant increased by 0.26-0.39, 0.68-1.24, 4.61-7.52 and 5.55-8.76g, respectively. The yield increased by 5.54%-9.47%. Fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency were 4.56%-7.00% and 0.37-0.67 higher than those of compound fertilizer treatment, respectively. Controlled-release fertilizer could improve the agronomic characters of soybean and increase the soybean yield. Varieties and fertilization mode had significant effects on soybean yield, especially the fertilization mode. ‘Qihuang 34’, ‘Weidou 1897’ and ‘Jidou 12’ had higher fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and relatively high yield, which are suitable for planting in this region.

  Slow-release Urea Combined with Fulvic Acid: Effects on Accumulation, Distribution and Transport of Dry Matter in Black Highland Barley DONG Qiang, ZHU Dingying, ZHOU Xin, XU Minglong, ZHANG Yi, WANG Jianlin 2023, 39 (11):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0430 Abstract + ( 232 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 37 ) In order to clarify the effects of combined application of different urea fertilizers with fulvic acid on dry matter, yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization of black highland barley, taking Longzi black highland barley as the experimental material, we conducted random block experiments to compare and analyze the effects of different fertilization schemes on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transport, and yield of black highland barley. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with conventional urea treatment, slow-release urea treatment increased dry matter accumulation in leaf, stem sheath and ear by 10.50%, 9.11% and 10.91% on average at flowering stage and mature stage. And the slow-release urea combined with fulvic acid treatment could further increase the dry matter accumulation in each part of black highland barley. (2) Slow-release urea and fulvic acid reduced the transfer volume and transfer rate of dry matter in the vegetative organs of black highland barley before flowering, improved the distribution rate of dry matter in leaves at flowering stage, and then increased the accumulation and contribution rate of photosynthetic assimilates in black highland barley after flowering. (3) Compared with conventional urea treatment, slow-release urea treatment significantly increased grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate by 13.80%, 44.13%, 13.80% and 26.66%, respectively. Compared with slow-release urea treatment, slow-release urea with fulvic acid treatment could increase grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate by 21.66%, 54.69%, 21.64% and 27.31%, respectively. The application of slow-release urea with fulvic acid could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization rate of black highland barley, and these indexes showed a decreasing trend after nitrogen fertilizer reduction by 20%. Therefore, the combined application of 135 kg/hm2 slow-release urea with fulvic acid is the best fertilization scheme for black highland barley.

  Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Belt Deployment Methods on Nutrient Distribution and Utilization Characteristics of Apple-Soybean Alley Cropping System WAN Qian, WANG Ruoshui, XIAO Wan, LUO Chengwei, DOU Xiaoyu, WANG Lisha, XIONG Chang, WANG Xin, DAI Houshuai 2023, 39 (11):  64-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0355 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2340KB )   ( 37 ) To investigate the effects of different drip irrigation belt deployment methods on soil and plant nutrient distribution and utilization characteristics in an alley cropping system, a split-zone experiment was carried out to analyze the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, soybean yield, plant nutrient uptake and use efficiency in a typical apple-soybean intercropping system under different drip irrigation belt deployment. Three types of drip belt spacing (L1: drip belt at the root of each soybean row; L2: one drip belt every other soybean row; L3: two drip belts every three soybean rows) and two types of mulching (M1: white film and M0: without film) were applied. The results showed that mulching type and drip irrigation belt layout had significant effects on the distribution of soil nutrients (P<0.05). In the horizontal direction, the variation trend of soil nutrient content in different distances from tree rows showed “V” and “N” shape patterns. By means of the drip belt layout, soil water and fertilizer could be redistributed, hence to promote the niche separation and alleviate competition between the two species as well, which could further improve the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency to increase the yield ultimately. The highest plant nutrient content and uptake and utilization efficiency were both achieved in the treatment of white film mulching with one drip irrigation belt every other soybean row layout, under which the highest yield was 1747.6 kg/hm2. The model could provide reference for alleviating the interspecific water-fertilizer competition in apple-soybean intercropping system.

  Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Biochar Application on the Diurnal Variation of Net CO2 Flux in Paddy Field Ecosystem LI Weizheng, CHEN Juan, JIANG Zewei, YANG Shihong 2023, 39 (11):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0628 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 32 ) To reveal the effects of different water and carbon management on CO2 exchange between paddy ecosystem and atmosphere, based on field experiments, the diurnal variation characteristics of net CO2 flux in paddy field ecosystem under different water and carbon management modes were analyzed. The results showed that the change trend of net CO2 flux in paddy field ecosystem at tillering stage, jointing and booting stage and milky stage was U-shaped, which showed that it was generally absorbed during the day and discharged at night, and the net absorption stage and net emission stage in each growth period were consistent in time. With the advance of growth period, the net CO2 absorption duration and amount in daytime of paddy field ecosystem presented the trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. In addition to the treatment of high amount of biochar at tillering stage, which reduced the net CO2 absorption flux in the paddy field ecosystem during the day, the application of biochar increased the net CO2 absorption flux during the day and the net CO2 emission flux in the night of the water-saving irrigation paddy field ecosystem. Compared with the treatment without biochar, the net CO2 flux of paddy field ecosystem during the day and at night were increased by 2.26%-27.16% and 2.30%-32.69% under the two biochar conditions. Water-saving irrigation reduced the net absorption flux of CO2 in paddy field ecosystem during the day, but increased the net emission flux of CO2 in paddy field ecosystem at night. The variation ranges of daytime absorption and night emission were 2.68%-59.79% and 1.26%-40.95%. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for realizing the efficient utilization of paddy field water resources and giving full play to the carbon sink function of paddy field ecosystem.

  Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Cultivated Land Occupied by Construction Land Expansion in Corn Belt in Central Jilin Province from 1990 to 2019 SHI Zhenyu, LI Xiaoyan, GULINAER·Suoerdahan, XING Zihan 2023, 39 (11):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0970 Abstract + ( 179 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1655KB )   ( 28 ) The study aims to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of cultivated land occupied by construction land expansion as well as its driving factors, which is important for effectively protecting cultivated land resources and meeting the demand of urban development for construction land expansion. Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data, the spatial-temporal characteristics of construction land expansion and cultivated land change, and the driving factors in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 of 10 counties and cities in the corn belt of central Jilin Province were analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The construction land in the corn belt of central Jilin Province was expanded by 772.97 km2 from 1990 to 2019, and the spatial difference in construction land expansion was obvious. (2) The clustering type of construction land expansion intensity in the study area was mainly very high value aggregation area, dominated by Changchun, and the model of construction land expansion was epiphytic. (3) From 1990 to 2019, the net loss of cultivated land in the study area amounted to 793.19 km2 with an annual loss rate of 1.01%, and 65.27% of the reduced cultivated land was transformed into construction land, mainly at the outer edge of urban areas. (4) The temporal drivers of construction land expansion occupying cultivated land in the study area were mainly policy factors, and spatially, economic location and geographical location were the main constraints. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of cultivated land occupied by construction land expansion in the corn belt of central Jilin Province, and could provide a theoretical basis for land use planning.

  Response of Potato Climatic Potential Productivity to Climate Change in Black Soil Region and Yield Increase Potential in Dominant Production Areas LV Jiajia, LIU Song, LI Yuguang, GU Ping, HAN Junjie, GONG Lijuan, WANG Ping, LI Xiufen 2023, 39 (11):  88-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0799 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2165KB )   ( 34 ) Revealing the temporal and spatial evolution of potato climatic potential productivity in Heilongjiang Province, clarifying the effects of climate change, and understanding the yield increase potential of the dominant potato producing areas can provide basic reference for optimizing potato production layout and ensuring food security in black soil region. Based on daily meteorological data of 80 weather stations and the potato yield data in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2020, the spatial and temporal variations of potato productivity were assessed through a step-by-step correction method, and the influential effects of the main climate change factors of radiation, air temperature and precipitation were quantified to optimize potato planting in the west of the Songnen Plain. The results showed that the average photosynthetic, light temperature and climatic potential productivity of potato in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2020 were 28885, 25802 and 13843 kg/hm2, respectively. Photosynthetic, light temperature and climatic potential productivity exhibited insignificant upward, downward and downward trend, respectively, and the trends were consistent with the trends of radiation, temperature and precipitation in the potential growth period. The photosynthetic and light temperature productivity of potato increased gradually from north to south, and the high value area was located in the south of the Songnen Plain and the south of Mudanjiang; the climatic potential productivity decreased from the middle to the periphery; the effects of climate change on potato climatic potential productivity were as follows: the radiation effect was positive, while the combined effects of temperature, precipitation and climate change were mainly negative. For areas with low rainfall in the south of the Songnen Plain, the increase of temperature and precipitation had positive effect on the improvement of potato climatic potential productivity, while for areas with high precipitation in the east of the Songnen Plain, the effects were more harmful than beneficial. Because of the superior climate and land resources in the west of the Songnen Plain, there is still a huge increase potential of yield per unit area in potato planting.

  Nowcasting Indicators of Hail Weather Environmental Parameters and Radar Echo in the North of Guanzhong Region LIU Fan, GAO Meng, WANG Jinting, LIU Jun, QIAO Danyang, XIE Yiwen 2023, 39 (11):  98-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0361 Abstract + ( 246 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2011KB )   ( 56 ) To improve the local hail forecast and natural disaster prevention, based on data from surface meteorological observation, sounding station and dual polarization radar, hail incidents in the north of Guanzhong region from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed. The nowcasting indicators of hail weather environment parameters and radar identification characteristics were summarized. The results showed that hail mainly occurred from May to August in the north of Guanzhong and mostly in June and July. Hailstorm had obvious diurnal variation characteristics, the main stage was 14:00 to 18:00. The warning indexes of unstable conditions for hail were K index≥ 25.0℃, temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa≥25.3℃, and Schaefer index≤-1.1℃. The warning index of energy condition was convective effective potential energy≥562 J/kg. The warning index of water vapor condition was temperature dew-point difference ≥9.0℃. The early-warning index of vertical wind shear was deep wind vertical shear in 0-6 km≥7.3 m/s or shallow wind vertical shear in 0-3 km≥4.3 m/s. The height warning indexes of special layer were between 3.4-4.0 km for 0℃ layer and 7.2-8.1 km for -20℃ layer, respectively. The identification characteristics of dual-polarization radar were echo intensity equal to or more than 53 dBz, echo top height was more than 10 km, strong echo overhanging height was more than 1.8 km, and three-body scattering spike with length was more than 5.2 km. There was convergence in the lower layer of the velocity field, and the convergence intensity was more than 10.5 m/s. The maximum VIL was more than 15 kg/m2, the VIL increment was ≥10 kg/m2, and the VIL density was ≥ 2.6 g/m3. Polarization parameters such as differential reflectivity factor, differential propagation phase shift factor and zero delay correlation coefficient also had good indication significance for the recognition of hail. The forecast accuracy of the indicators was high, but there were certain empty predictions.

  Screening and Synergistic Evaluation of Fungicides Against Rhizoctonia cerealis on Wheat and Fusarium graminearum on Maize JI Xianglong, WANG Kaiyun, WU Yuguo, JIANG Lili 2023, 39 (11):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0409 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 48 ) The indoor toxicity of different fungicides against Rhizoctonia cerealis on wheat and Fusarium graminearum on maize were measured by growth rate method. For fungicides with high efficiency, Sun Johnson’s method was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of each ratio. The results showed that, hexaconazol and fludioxonil had the highest indoor toxicity to R. cerealis, with EC50 value of 0.094 mg/L and 0.312 mg/L, respectively. The indoor toxicity of prochloraz and hexaconazol to F. graminearum was the highest; with EC50 value of 0.088 mg/L and 0.593 mg/L, respectively. The combination of hexaconazol and fludioxonil in different ratios exhibited no obvious synergistic effect on R. cerealis. The combination of prochloraz and hexaconazol at the ratio of 1:5, 1:2 and 1:1 showed obvious synergistic effect. Among which the 1:5 ratio had the co-toxicity coefficient of 212.2, and its synergistic effect was most significant, which could be considered for the prevention and control of the above diseases in production.

  Homemade Fermented Bio-extracts: Effects on Soil Nematode Community Structure LI Jiayue, HAN Yajing, WANG Xinyu, HUANG Qunyi, HAN Xinhua, YE Lefu, FU Xue 2023, 39 (11):  113-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0295 Abstract + ( 192 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 42 ) In order to comprehensively evaluate the effects of bio-fertilizer on soil improvement and crop growth, the responses of soil nematode community structure at different soil depths under different bio-fertilizer schemes were studied. Four kinds of foliar fertilizers, including wood vinegar, homemade fermented bio-extracts, the mixture of the two and clean water, were used as test materials. Five-point sampling method was used to collect soil at 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers, and the diversity index of nematode community was measured. The results showed that both homemade fermented bio-extracts and wood vinegar promoted relative abundance of predatory/omnivorous nematodes by 37% and 210% compared with control. Homemade fermented bio-extracts caused plant-parasite nematodes migration downward, and the relative abundance in shallow and deep soil layers were 29% and 64%, respectively. All the homemade fermented bio-extracts, wood vinegar and the mixture induced predatory/omnivorous nematodes migration upward, and the relative abundance in the shallow and deep soil layers were 65% and 18%, 43% and 21%, and 48% and 5%, respectively. Homemade fermented bio-extracts, wood vinegar and the mixed solution all induced plant-parasite nematodes migration downward and predatory/omnivorous nematodes migration upward. Both homemade fermented bio-extracts and wood vinegar could promote the relative abundance of predatory/omnivorous nematodes, and could inhibit and repel plant-parasite nematodes.

  Study on Inflammatory Injury of Endometrial Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Dairy Cows CHEN Jiajia, BAI Xinjie 2023, 39 (11):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0389 Abstract + ( 211 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 26 ) The study aims to investigate the mechanism of endometrial inflammatory in cows with Escherichia coli, and lay a foundation for screening drugs that act on key signaling pathway targets. In this study, bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) were obtained and purified from cow uterus with primarily cultured tissue explant and trypsin. The cells by 30 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulating 12 h was screened out, which was used as the bEEC inflammatory injury model in vitro. IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels of bEEC induced in 2 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h by LPS were detected with RT-PCR, and NF-κB and MAPKs related proteins in LPS-bEEC cells were detected by Western-blot. The results showed that IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were highly expressed in 2 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h caused by 30 μg/mL LPS (P<0.01). LPS could up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of P38, ERK and JNK which were related with MAPKs (P<0.01), and promote the degradation of IκBα which was the inhibitory protein of NF-κB (P<0.05). MAPKs and NF-кB signaling pathway of bEEC could be activated by LPS, and then a large number of inflammatory mediators were released, causing inflammation damage of the cells.

  Research on Alterations of Gene Expression in Offspring Male Mice Affected by Prochloraz HU Junhe, TANG Tao, TAN Xiansheng, DAI Qingxiang, JIN Chenzhong 2023, 39 (11):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0360 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1830KB )   ( 22 ) Prochloraz is an endocrine disruptor pesticide, and its environmental residues have a great impact on human health. Through the study of the effects of different doses of prochloraz on the reproductive system of offspring mice, we can evaluate the effects of its residues on human health. The results showed that the heat map of gene expression cluster analysis of high concentration group (MD), low concentration group (MB) and control group (MA) had good inter-group difference and high intra-group repeatability, which laid a foundation for further analysis. The subsequent analysis of gene ontology (GO) and metabolic pathway showed that prochloraz mainly involves the functions and pathways related to the reproductive system (such as neuropeptide hormone regulatory signal pathway, immune response, antigen processing and presentation, prostaglandin biosynthesis, etc.). In conclusion, it can be seen that prochloraz has a certain reproductive toxicological effect on offspring male mice.

  Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation DAI Wenlong, ZHENG Xu, FU Haiyan, LIU Chunguang, WU Tong, YANG Fengshan 2023, 39 (11):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1047 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 47 ) In China, the amount of livestock and poultry manure produced every year is huge and can cause pollution to soil, waterbody and air through long-term accumulation. The major way to treat livestock and poultry manure is aerobic composting. Since there are problems such as ammonia loss in the composting process, amendments can be added to reduce ammonia gas volatilization and pH, and improve the microbial community structure of the compost pile, thus decreasing nitrogen loss. The application features of several amendments and their regulating role in nitrogen transformation in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure are summarized in this study, and the primary issues in the composting process are listed. Additionally, the study discusses the development trend of livestock and poultry manure treatment and the resource utilization, hoping to provide reference for future research.

  Development of One-Step Nested-Locked Nucleic Acid Real-Time PCR Detection Method for African Swine Fever Virus SHI Keda, XU Minsheng, LI Yan, ZHANG Kunli, ZHAI Shaolun, GOU Hongchao, SONG Shuai, YANG Dongxia, ZANG Ying'an, SUN Mingfei, LI Chunling 2023, 39 (11):  143-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0055 Abstract + ( 217 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 36 ) In this study, a highly sensitive and specific detection method was established based on the B646L (P72) protein gene of African swine fever virus (ASFV). The nested primers and probes of LNA-OSN-PCR (One Step Nested-Locked Nucleic Acid real-time PCR) were designed with Oligo 7 software; external primers were modified with locked nucleic acids. The reaction system and conditions of LNA-OSN-PCR were established and optimized, and the standard curve of LNA-OSN-PCR was established. Then, the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of LNA-OSN-PCR were tested. A total of 96 clinical suspected diseased samples were detected by LNA-OSN-PCR and compared with the samples detected by conventional fluorescent PCR method. The reaction conditions and system of LNA-OSN-PCR were established and optimized, and the standard curve of LNA-OSN-PCR had good linearity (R2=0.9945). The LNA-OSN-PCR had a minimum detection limit of 3×10-1 copies/μL, with a coefficient of variation of less than 3% and no cross-reaction with other viral or bacterial nucleic acids. Compared with the qPCR method recommended by OIE, the detection sensitivity of the LNA-OSN-PCR method was increased by 10-100 times. Among the 96 samples tested by LNA-OSN-PCR, 55 were positive and 41 were negative, with a higher positive detection rate than traditional qPCR and a better typical amplification curve. By combining the one-step nested PCR and lock-in nucleic acid modification, the LNA-OSN-PCR method for ASFV was established to provide a highly sensitive, specific and economical method for ASFV detection.

  Mulberry Tea Processed with Leaves of Different Maturity and Under Different Fermentation Degrees: A Study on the Processing Suitability XIAO Yang, SHEN Weizhi, YANG Qiong, XING Dongxu, LI Qingrong, ZOU Yuxiao 2023, 39 (11):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1014 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 339 ) To understand the processing suitability of mulberry tea processed by leaves of different maturity, mulberry leaves of fruit and leaf dual-use mulberry variety ‘Yueshenda 10’ which has the largest planting area in China were taken as the raw materials, to process mulberry tea with different fermentation degrees by corresponding processing technologies of green tea, oolong tea and black tea, respectively. The nutrient active ingredients and sensory quality of the processed tea samples were analyzed. The results showed that the total polyphenol content of mulberry tea processed by mulberry leaves of three kinds of maturity decreased gradually with the deepening of fermentation, while the content of total polysaccharide, free amino acid and water extract increased gradually. In the mulberry tea processed by mulberry leaves with maturity I (leaf position 1-4), the total score of sensory quality of green tea was the highest, and the taste and aroma of oolong tea and black tea were slightly better than those of green tea. In the mulberry tea processed by mulberry leaves with maturity II (leaf position 5-8), the total score of oolong tea was the highest. In the mulberry tea processed by mulberry leaves with maturity III (leaf position 9-12), the total score of black tea was slightly higher than that of oolong tea, while the total score of green tea was the lowest. Considering the content of nutrient active ingredients and the sensory quality score results of mulberry tea, mulberry leaves with maturity I are more suitable for green tea processing, mulberry leaves with maturity II have wide suitability, which are suitable for oolong tea, green tea or black tea processing, and mulberry leaves with maturity III are more suitable for black tea or oolong tea processing. The results of this experiment can provide reference for the production of mulberry tea and the comprehensive development of mulberry leaves.

  Optimization of Pretreatment Method for Determining the Digestibility Indicator -Titanium Dioxide ZHANG Liping, WANG Jiurong, TANG Siyu, YUAN Hongzhao, HE Zhen, GENG Meimei, XU Liwei, CHEN Wen, FENG Ganyi 2023, 39 (11):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1171 Abstract + ( 208 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 22 ) The study aims to solve the problems of inaccurate description of the pretreatment method for the determination of indicator titanium dioxide, which can cause large coefficient of variation of the determination results, and to realize rapid and accurate determination of titanium dioxide content, and accurately determine the digestibility of livestock and poultry digestion test and evaluate the quality of feed. Taking straw feed as the research material, and the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer as the detection instrument, the experiment optimized the conditions such as the ammonium sulfate dosage and heating program in the sulfuric acid digestion method, and then established a method for determining the content of titanium dioxide in feed by sulfuric acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. Three pretreatment methods were compared, which were sulfuric acid digestion, hydrofluoric acid digestion and dry ashing. The results showed that the precision and recovery rate of the test results of the sulfuric acid digestion method were better than those of the hydrofluoric acid digestion method and the dry ashing method, the linear relationship between 0-200 mg/L of titanium was good, and the correlation coefficient was 1.0; the coefficient of variation was less than 1.32%; the recovery rate of titanium dioxide was more than 97.1%. This method is simple and rapid, which has a wide linear range, high accuracy and precision. It is suitable for batch determination of indicator titanium dioxide content in digestion test, and can provide technical support for fast and accurate determination of apparent digestibility of nutrients and evaluation of feed quality.