Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.12 Published:25 April 2023

  Wheat Varieties in Southern Shandong Province: Comprehensive Evaluation by DTOPSIS Method Based on Entropy Weight WANG Jing, KONG Lingguo, LI Baoqiang, LI Long, FAN Guoqiang, ZHOU Zhongxin, FAN Qingfeng 2023, 39 (12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0499 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 33 ) In order to select new wheat varieties suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province, 9 traits of 19 wheat varieties were evaluated by DTOPSIS method based on entropy weight. The results showed that: the weight of each index from low to high was growth period < yield < bulk density < plant height < effective panicle < basic seedling < 1000-grain weight < heading rate < number of grains per panicle. The Ci values of 6 varieties were greater than 0.5, including ‘Shannong HH126’ (0.9221), ‘DK171’ (0.8680), ‘Hemai 179’ (0.8515), ‘Feida No. 6’ (0.7196), ‘Jinlai 36’ (0.6967), and ‘Yannong 301’ (0.5232). Therefore, these six varieties have good comprehensive characters and are suitable for planting and promoting in southern Shandong Province.

  Effects of Chlorella on Wheat Growth and Soil Properties BIAN Jianwen, WANG Meng, LIU Baoyou, WANG Xueying, ZHANG Xingang, WANG Wenrui 2023, 39 (12):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0509 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 31 ) In order to study the potential of Chlorella as bio-fertilizer, potted wheat was used as the experimental material, and the effects of Chlorella on wheat growth and soil properties were analyzed under different concentrations. The results showed that irrigation with Chlorella at wheat root could improve the growth of wheat. The plant height was increased by 4.01%-11.99%, and the fresh weight of the aboveground part was increased by 16.01%-29.42%. In addition, the content of chlorophyll a was increased by 4.90%-80.72%, the content of chlorophyll b was increased by 9.38%, and the total content of chlorophyll was increased by 11.99%-48.56%. Meanwhile, soil qualities were improved under Chlorella treatment. The organic matter of soil was increased by 5.26%-6.93%, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was increased by 2.89%-10.14%, available phosphorus was increased by 3.79%-13.11%, available potassium was increased by 6.63%-13.08%, and soil pH was increased by 0.46%-1.62%. In conclusion, the application of Chlorella can not only promote the growth and biomass increase of wheat, but also improve soil quality to a certain extent.

  Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Fertilization on Crop Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System LONG Dayong, WANG Xiaoli, DUAN Jianjun, HE Jin, YANG Hongwei, XU Bin 2023, 39 (12):  13-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0352 Abstract + ( 145 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 45 ) The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of plastic film mulching on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency under intercropping, and to provide a basis for increasing yield and efficiency of dry land cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in this study. Four treatments were set: no film mulching and no fertilization (non-F+CK), no film mulching but fertilization (non-F+NP), film mulching and no fertilization (F+CK) and film mulching and fertilization (F+NP). The effects of film mulching and fertilization on the aboveground dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and yield of maize and soybean were studied. The results showed that under fertilization, at different stages, the dry matter weight of maize and soybean under film mulching treatment were increased by 3.5%-20.3% and 24.4%-132.8% respectively, and nitrogen uptake were increased by 4.9%-51.7% and 10.6%-123.9% respectively; under no film mulching, the yield of maize and soybean was 9785.8 kg/hm2 and 1087.5 kg/hm2 respectively, and after mulching, the yield was increased significantly by 10.4% and 28.6%(P<0.05), respectively. Under non fertilization, film mulching increased the dry matter weight and nitrogen uptake in maize and soybean at 66 and 95 days after sowing, however, at harvest, the dry matter weight and nitrogen uptake in maize were decreased significantly by 19.3% and 25.1% (P<0.05), while those in soybean were decreased slightly with no significant difference; the yield of maize was 3102.6 kg/hm2, which was significantly lower than that without film mulching by 30.4%, and the effect of film mulching on soybean yield was not significant. Film mulching increased the nitrogen use efficiency of maize and soybean in different degrees. The nitrogen apparent recovery rate and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of maize were increased by 6.9 percent point and 44.6%, respectively, and the nitrogen apparent recovery rate of soybean was increased by 6.4 percent point, the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of soybean were increased by 28.7% and 97.0%, respectively. In summary, film mulching could promote dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-soybean intercropping system and significantly increase yield on the premise of suitable soil nutrient conditions.

  Identification of Salt Tolerance for Sweet Potato Tissue Culture Seedlings GUO Huihui, LIN Congfa, JIANG Yuanbin, XU Shaoxiang, LIN Zeyu, PAN Xianghua 2023, 39 (12):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0564 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1555KB )   ( 26 ) Salt-tolerant germplasm of sweet potato is screened by evaluating the salt tolerance of sweet potato tissue culture seedlings. In this study, seven sweet potato varieties were used as test materials, and the stem segments of the test materials were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/L NaCl, followed by the measurement of vine length, germination rate, rooting rate, root number and salt damage index after 30 days. The comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance for sweet potato materials was carried out by using Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) cluster analysis and membership function. The results showed that ‘Funingzi No.4’ and ‘Funingzi No.5’ were sensitive materials. The root growth was completely inhibited and vine growth was inhibited by 90% in MS medium containing 2 g/L NaCl. ‘Funingzi No.3’, ‘Funingzi No.6’, ‘Funingshu No.12’, ‘Funingshu No. 20’ and ‘Funingshu No.23’ showed certain resistance to salt damage in the appropriate concentration range of salinity. All the indicators indicated that, the seven sweet potato varieties were ordered in terms of salt tolerance strength as follows: ‘Funingshu No.12’ > ‘Funingzi No.3’ > ‘Funingzi No.6’ > ‘Funingshu No. 20’ > ‘Funingshu No. 23’ > ‘Funingzi No.4’ > ‘Funingzi No.5’.

  Effects of Picking Flowering Stalk on Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefits of Brassica napus L. ZHAO Jianan, CAO Xiaodong, SHANG Liping, TONG Xiaoli, LI Baojun, ZHAO Yajun, LUO Bin, WANG Hao 2023, 39 (12):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0474 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1587KB )   ( 24 ) In order to improve the application value of Brassica napus, the multifunctional utilization of Brassica napus was explored. In this experiment, we selected Brassica napus G1 with excellent agronomic characters as the male parent and G2 as the female parent to construct 289 double haploid (DH) pure lines. We investigated and evaluated the flowering stalk yield, plant characters, seed yield, biological yield and economic benefits of the lines. And then we screened “rapeseed oil-vegetable dual-purpose” Brassica napus lines with high flowering stalk yield, no impact on Brassica napus seed yield and high economic benefits. The results showed that the branch height (BH) and the first branch number (NFB) were negatively correlated with Brassica napusseed yield. Compared with the control, picking flowering stalk reduced plant height (PH), BH and NFB, and the difference reached a significant level; in DH population, there was a negative correlation between Brassica napus seed yield and flowering stalk yield. After picking flowering stalk, the Brassica napus seed yield decreased by 19.24% on average compared with that without picking, but the total output value increased by 48.87% on average. Among the materials, the Brassica napus seed yield of 48 selected materials (with a yield variation range of -10%-10%) was not affected by picking flowering stalk, while that of 63 selected materials increased by more than 10% after picking. Brassica napus seed yield of 30 materials exceeded 3000 kg/hm2. Based on the above indicators, 21 “rapeseed oil-vegetable dual-purpose” materials with good yield and economic benefit were selected in this experiment, whose yield of flowering stalk and rapeseed both met the yield requirements of the Brassica napus seed region in the Yangtze River basin. The study can provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the breeding and promotion of dual-purpose rapeseed.

  Seven Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Determination of the Growth Curve Characteristics WEN Chunyu, XU Ming, ZHANG Jiao, NIE Kun, ZHANG Jian 2023, 39 (12):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1214 Abstract + ( 224 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 44 ) In order to understand the growth characteristics of ectomycorrhizal fungi under laboratory culture conditions, Clavulina cinerea (Bull.) J. Schrōt., Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr., Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers., Lycoperdon perlatum Pers., Lycoperdon umbrinum Pers., Strobilomyces glubricaps Chiu and Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel were selected as the materials. The growth curves of the 7 ectomycorrhizal fungi were determined by the combination of solid PDA medium, cross method (measuring the colony growth diameter ) and the improved liquid PD medium (measuring the biomass of hyphae). The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth rates of different ectomycorrhizal fungi under the condition of solid medium culture, and the growth rates were as follows: Strobilomyces glubricaps W.F. Chiu > Clavulina cinerea (Bull.) J. Schrōt. > Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. > Lycoperdon umbrinum Pers. > Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. > Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel > Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers.. The growth rates of different ectomycorrhizal fungi in liquid medium were significantly different, which were in an order of Clavulina cinerea (Bull.) J. Schrōt. > Strobilomyces glubricaps W.F. Chiu > Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. > Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. > Lycoperdon umbrinum Pers. > Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers. > Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel. In conclusion, the growth rate of the same ectomycorrhizal fungi in solid and liquid media is not completely consistent. In production, the size of colonies alone cannot reflect the real growth status of strains.

  Effects of Different Soil Mulching Treatments on Walnut Quality LIU Jing, LIU Jinli, LI Yang, BAI Zhongkui, YU Qiuxiang 2023, 39 (12):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0332 Abstract + ( 99 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 23 ) The content of mineral elements in soil, walnut leaves and fruits were tested under different soil mulching treatments to clarify the effects of soil mulching on fruit quality. ‘Jifeng’ walnut was used as the research material, three treatments of straw mulching (SM), ground cloth mulching (GCM) and natural grass mulching (NGM) were adopted, and bare earth was set as the control. The content of mineral elements in walnut leaves, walnut kernel and soil were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instrument. And the phenotypic characteristics of walnut under the three treatments and control were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the content of K in soil among different treatments; the content of K after SM treatment was the highest, reaching 418.04 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments and control. And SM treatment could significantly reduce the content of Ca in soil. The K content in leaves under NGM treatment was the highest, reaching 9480.32 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of SM treatment and control. And there were significant differences in the content of Mn in leaves among different treatments, under SM treatment, the content of Mn reached 1670.78 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments and control. GCM treatment increased the content of Mg in walnut kernel, but it did not reach a significant level compared with the control. There were significant differences in the Mn content of walnut kernel among different treatments. Under SM and NGM treatments, the content of Mn in walnut kernel was the highest, reaching 385.84 mg/kg and 363.17 mg/kg on average respectively, which was significantly higher than that of GCM treatment and control. So was the content of Cu in walnut kernel. Under SM and NGM treatments, the content of Cu reached 16.45 mg/kg and 13.52 mg/kg on average respectively, especially under SM treatment, it was significantly higher than that under GCM treatment and control. SM treatment increased side diameter of fruit, which reached 53.85 mm on average, but it did not reach a significant level compared with the control. The thickness of shell decreased under NGM and SM treatments, reaching 1.78 mm and 1.87 mm on average respectively, especially under NGM treatment, it was significantly lower than that under GCM treatment and control. The kernel rate increased under both NGM and SM treatments, reaching 54.02% and 52.23% on average respectively, especially under NGM treatment, it was significantly higher than that under GCM treatment and control. In conclusion, NGM treatment can increase the kernel rate of nut, improve the content of trace elements in fruit and reduce the thickness of shell, so it is suggested to be popularized in production.

  Utilization of Biogas Slurry in Rice Production CAI Kai, ZHANG Qi, YAO Li, WANG Hong, LUO Fuxiang, LIN Chaowen 2023, 39 (12):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0384 Abstract + ( 159 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 33 ) Biogas slurry is formed by fermentation of organic substances. Because of its large quantity and inconvenient treatment, it has become one of the sources of environmental pressure. The utilization of biogas slurry in rice production not only alleviates the pressure on environmental protection, but also improves rice yield and soil quality. It is an effective way for the resource utilization of biogas slurry. Biogas slurry is rich in nutrient elements and microbial secretions, which can provide all kinds of vitamins, auxin and amino acids required by rice. Biogas slurry has the functions of promoting rice growth and controlling rice diseases and insect pests. In seed soaking and fertilization, the use of biogas slurry instead of chemical agents can improve the drug effect and reduce the pollution level, but the application rate varies according to the composition of biogas slurry in different places. By summarizing and analyzing the rational utilization of biogas slurry resources, it is found that biogas slurry can not only improve rice yield and economic benefits, but also reduce chemical pollution, improve soil quality and drive the sustainable development of agriculture, which is of great significance to build the balance of agricultural ecological cycle.

  Bellamya aeruginosa in Six Lakes Along the East Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project: Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure ZHAO Yan, ZHANG Chong, CUI Mengyao, LI Xian, LU Guangjin, JI Xiangshan, CHEN Hongju 2023, 39 (12):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0313 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2684KB )   ( 23 ) In order to evaluate the impact of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project on water environment and ecology of lakes along the water conveyance route, using wild Bellamya aeruginosa in different lakes and water area (Dongping Lake, Nansi Lake, Luoma Lake, Hongze Lake, Gaoyou Lake etc.) along the east line of the project as the materials, and that in Dianchi Lake as the control, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of various populations were analyzed based on COI and 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the haplotype diversity (0.924, 0.958), nucleotide diversity (0.04466, 0.03068) and average nucleotide diversity (27.333, 14.117) of Dianchi Lake population were much higher than those of the six populations along the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Tajima’s neutral test results did not deviate from the neutral significantly (P>0.10), and the nucleotide pairing difference distribution map did not show an obvious single peak. The genetic distance between Dianchi Lake population and the six populations along the east line was much greater than that among the six populations. The cluster analysis showed that most individuals of the six populations along the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were mixed together, while most individuals of the Dianchi Lake population were concentrated together, mixing with other populations occasionally. The study indicates that the water diversion project has an impact on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Bellamya aeruginosa in waters along the project route.

  Biochar-derived Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted by Different Methods: Property Study ZHENG Xiaodong, LI Xiang, WEI Lan, HUANG Lianxi, CHEN Weisheng, HUANG Yufen, HUANG Qing, LIU Zhongzhen 2023, 39 (12):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0434 Abstract + ( 124 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 32 ) This study aims at investigating the impact of different extraction methods on the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from biochar. Biochar was used as material, DOM was extracted with various extracting agents and extraction patterns, and the carbon content and chemical composition of the extracts were analyzed. The results showed that the DOC content of alkali extract in low-temperature biochar was relatively high (15.6-40.0 g/kg), so was the DOC content of salt extract in high-temperature biochar (0.27-7.04 g/kg). The chemical composition of DOM in the acid extract remained relatively simple, showing that SUVA254 and SUVA280 were low. A higher proportion of hydrophilic DOM was found in the acid extract from cornstalk-derived biochar (44.6%-73.6%) compared with that in the water and alkali extracts (11.0%-53.2% and 0.30%-31.4%), respectively (P<0.05). Correspondingly, the chemical composition of DOM in the alkali extract was relatively complex, showing that SUVA254 and SUVA280 were high. A higher proportion of hydrophobic DOM was found in the alkali extract from cornstalk-derived biochar (68.6%-99.7%) compared with that in the acid and salt extracts (26.4%-55.4% and 0%-46.9%), respectively (P<0.05). The study indicates that extracting agents have certain significance in biochar DOM extraction, while extraction patterns exhibit a minor effect on the properties of biochar DOM. It could provide reference for selecting biochar DOM extraction method.

  Effects of Whole Biodegradable Film on Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Sweet Potato Yield in Field ZHANG Junli, SUO Long, WANG Rui, LIANG Jianhong, DONG Xiaomei, JIAO Xueli, ZHANG Xiaofei, LIU Hui, HE Wei 2023, 39 (12):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0398 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 41 ) In order to study the effects of whole biodegradable film on soil temperature and soil moisture in sweet potato field and sweet potato yield, a field positioning experiment was set up to analyze the effects of bare land (M0), polyethylene mulching film (M1) and whole biodegradable film (M2) on soil moisture, soil temperature, sweet potato yield and economic benefit. The results showed that, film mulching (M1 and M2) could increase soil moisture and temperature, but the effects of soil moisture retention and temperature increase gradually decreased after the stem and leaf vigorous growing period, which were still higher than those of bare soil (M0). At the same time, the whole biodegradable film (M2) could effectively improve the yield of commodity sweet potato, and the average income was the highest, 53649.6 yuan/hm2 higher than that of bare land treatment, 4480.8 yuan/hm2 higher than that of polyethylene film treatment. To sum up, whole biodegradable film could replace polyethylene mulching film in sweet potato planting and could be popularized in production.

  Study on Precipitation Satisfaction Degree and Drought Risk Degree of Crop Growing Season in Southern Hebei Province LI Ruisu 2023, 39 (12):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0362 Abstract + ( 102 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 30 ) By exploring the change of precipitation and its satisfaction degree and drought risk degree in the growing season of crops in southern Hebei Province, the study aims to provide reference for agricultural industrial structural adjustment, avoidance of drought risk, and agricultural production management. Based on the precipitation and temperature data of representative meteorological monitoring stations in Handan, Xingtai and Hengshui from 1971 to 2020, the climate diagnostic analysis method was adopted to study the satisfaction degree of precipitation to crop growing season, the characteristics of drought change and the degree of drought risk by using the integral moisture index and dry and wet index. The results showed that precipitation in the growing season of crops in the southern part of Hebei Province showed an increasing trend from 1971 to 2020, with a linear increase of 38.9 mm. Precipitation satisfaction and dry and wet index in crop growing season showed increasing trends, with the linear increase of 12.5% and 0.18, respectively. The drought risk of crop growing season showed a significantly decreasing trend, and abruptly increased in 2002/2003. After the mutation, the maximum drought risk decreased by 8.9 percentage points, and the annual average drought risk decreased by 12.6 percentage points. The drought occurred mainly in April to May (seeding stage to seedling stage), and the drought degree decreased by about 1 grade. The drought frequency was high in southern Hebei Province from 1971 to 2020, and the increase of precipitation in April and May played a certain role in alleviating the drought risk in spring, but there was still the probability of a major drought every 2 to 3 years. Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the agricultural structure.

  The Correlation Between 1000-grain Weight of Spring Wheat and Meteorological Factors in the Most Typical Area of Horqin Sandy Land DONG Jiarui 2023, 39 (12):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0364 Abstract + ( 115 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 34 ) The aim of this study is to find out the influence of meteorological conditions on 1000-grain weight of spring wheat, especially the influence laws and characteristics, in the most typical area of Horqin sandy land. The spring wheat observation data and surface meteorological observation data of Naiman National Meteorological Observing Station in recent 28 years were adopted to carry out the correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the sunshine hours in the late growth stage of spring wheat and 1000-grain weight. The correlation coefficient of heading-mature stage was -0.485, and the correlation coefficient of milk maturity-mature stage was -0.444. There was a positive correlation between the diurnal temperature difference of flowering-milk maturity and 1000-grain weight, and the correlation coefficient was 0.392. Lower air relative humidity is required at booting-heading stage, with a correlation coefficient of -0.540. Spring wheat roots at flowering stage need higher soil relative humidity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.527. The predictive regression model for 1000-grain weight of spring wheat was established, which has a high degree of fitting, and can provide a basis for spring wheat planting management and yield forecast in the future.

  miRNA in Regulating Seed Development and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Plant: A Review LIU Yang, YANG Jiaqing, YU Xurun, XIONG Fei 2023, 39 (12):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0660 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 34 ) microRNA (miRNA), an endogenous small non-coding RNA, regulates target genes by guiding mRNA cleavage or inhibiting translation. The role of miRNAs becomes extremely important in the regulation of plant seed development and the response to abiotic stress. In order to further identify and clarify the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs related to seed development and response to abiotic stress, the types, target genes and functions of miRNAs involved in the regulation of embryo and endosperm development in plant seed and in response to abiotic stress such as low temperature, salt and drought stress were summarized. miRNAs are highly conserved in evolution, and their expression is tissue-specific and time-specific during biological development, but they also have similarities among different plants. However, it remains to be further elucidated how regulators of miRNAs biogenesis and function are regulated during or after transcription, and how miRNAs use transcriptional cleavage and translation inhibition mechanisms to regulate their targets. Future research on these issues will not only provide new insights into plant seed development and plant response to abiotic stress, but also provide more ideas for post-transcriptional regulation of genes.

  Effects of orf5 Gene Over-expressed in Monascus on Lovastatin Content WANG Jiao, GUI Yanling, HAN Jie, ZHAO Jiehong 2023, 39 (12):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0585 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 21 ) In order to analyze the effect of orf5 gene on lovastatin content in Monascus and to enrich the regulatory mechanisms of lovastatin metabolism, the over-expressing vector with the gus-orf5 fusion gene was transformed into M. purpureus by ATMT and REMI methods. The co-culture conditions of ATMT and the endonuclease of REMI were optimized. The transformed strains were identified by GUS staining and PCR, and the lovastatin content in positive strains was detected. The results showed that the culture medium supplemented with 20 μg/mL hygromycin could be used as the screening concentration for transgenic Monascus strain. The co-culture medium of Co-IM appended with 1/10 LB was optimal for ATMT, and XbaI-mediated transformation was better in REMI method. Hygromycin resistant colonies were then obtained by both ATMT and REMI. PCR showed that orf5 and hyg genes had been transferred into the Monascus, and GUS staining was blue. The content of lovastatin in the overexpressed strain was significantly higher than that in the control, up to 36.89%. Over-expression of orf5 in Monascus can increase the accumulation of lovastatin, which provides reference for further study of the function of orf5 gene in Monascus.

  Research Progress on Controlled Release Nano-pesticide Formulation WANG Run, WEI Yu, LIU Hongyuan, CHEN Feng, SHEN Qinrui, WANG Chunxin 2023, 39 (12):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0383 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1074KB )   ( 32 ) Pesticides play an important role in ensuring agricultural production, increasing grain yield and improving farmers’ living standards. In the process of pesticide control of pests and diseases, the active ingredients are easily degraded or lost due to the unstable physicochemical properties of the pesticides’ active ingredients and the improper application process. The utilization rate of conventional pesticide formulations is only about 20%. At the same time, there are problems such as fast release rate of active ingredients, short duration of pesticide effect and great influence of environmental conditions. Controlled release nano-pesticide formulation is a hot spot in the research of pesticide formulations. Based on the nano-dispersion preparation technology and the slow and controlled release characteristics of pesticide carriers, the serious loss of active ingredients of pesticide can be solved by combining nanotechnology with pesticide characteristics, control target, application environment and application methods, so as to improve the effective utilization rate of pesticide formulations. The active ingredients can be released continuously and stably in a specific time and space according to the requirements of pest control dose, which has met the requirements of pest control economically, safely and effectively. In this study, the research progress of nano-biomaterials in controlled release nano-pesticide formulation was reviewed, and the application prospect of controlled release nano-pesticide formulation was discussed.

  The Control Effect of Garlic Volatiles on Myzus persicae Population CHEN Qing, ZHOU Ting, LAI Rongquan, GU Gang, MI Yue’e, YANG Chen 2023, 39 (12):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0519 Abstract + ( 114 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 23 ) In order to explore the control effect of garlic volatiles on Myzus persicae population and provide scientific reference for intercropping control of Myzus persicae, the indoor pot feeding was used in this study. The effects of purple and white garlic varieties on the population number, population growth rate, repellent rate and interference effect of Myzus persicae were determined. The control effect of purple and white garlic varieties on Myzus persicae population was simulated. The results showed that garlic had significant effects on the population number, population growth rate and interference effect of Myzus persicae (P<0.05). Within 29 days, the effects of garlic on population number, population growth rate and interference effect of Myzus persicae were decreased by 76.84%, 27.03% and 27%, respectively. However, the effect of garlic volatiles on the repellent rate of Myzus persicae was not significant (P > 0.05). To the later stage, the control effect of garlic volatiles on Myzus persicae was more obvious, the strongest effect was 0.34. These results indicated that the volatiles of garlic had obvious control effect on Myzus persicae population.

  Toxicity of Four Botanical Insecticides to Phenacoccus solenopsis and Safety Evaluation to Predator Propylaea japonica WU Zhenping, WU Jie, YANG Zhaoguang, ZHAO Pei, QIAO Yanyan 2023, 39 (12):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0349 Abstract + ( 158 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 18 ) The study explored the toxicity of 4 botanical insecticides to the invasive pest Phenacoccus solenopsis, and evaluated their safety to the eggs and adults of Propylaea japonica, aiming to provide ideal agents and a theoretical basis for the green control of Phenacoccus solenopsis. The toxicity of the 4 botanical insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis and the eggs hatching rate of Propylaea japonica was determined by spray method. The toxicity of 2 kinds of highly effective botanical insecticides against adults of Propylaea japonica was tested by the filter paper contact method. The result showed that the toxicity of the 4 botanical insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis treated for 24 hours was as follows, matrine1.3% AS (LC50 81.2831 mg/L) > veratrine 0.5% SL (LC50 112.8811 mg/L) > rotenone 2.5% EC (LC50 208.9296 mg/L) > cineole 5% SL (LC50 343.0920 mg/L). Compared with the chemical control agent of 22.4% spirochete ethyl ester EC, the relative toxicity index was matrine1.3% AS(3.3025) > veratrine 0.5% SL (2.3780) > rotenone 2.5% EC (1.2048) > cineole 5% SL (0.7824). There was no significant difference of hatching rate between the maximum recommended dose of the insecticides in field and the LC50 dose to Phenacoccus solenopsis. The LC50 of matrine AS and veratrine SL to the adults of Propylaea japonica was higher than that to Phenacoccus solenopsis. Combining the benefit toxicity ratio with safety factor, the two insecticides were safe for eggs and adults of ladybug. The experiment screened out matrine 1.3% AS and veratrine 0.5% SL, which had high toxicity to Phenacoccus solenopsis and low ecological risk against Propylaea japonica, so the two insecticides are recommended as ideal agents to control Phenacoccus solenopsis.

  Effect of Urea Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Borne Diseases of Potato LIU Xia, HUANG Xun, XU Gaihuan, YANG Yanli 2023, 39 (12):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0379 Abstract + ( 156 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 25 ) The study aims to explore the effects of urea phosphate fertilizer of different concentrations on the occurrence of potato scab and powdery scab, so as to provide a new idea for the prevention and control of potato soil borne diseases. In this experiment, five urea phosphate fertilizer treatments were set in the mixed soil and bacterial matrix, including P2O5 (CK), P2O5 43 kg/hm2 (T1), P2O5 86 kg/hm2 (T2), P2O5 172 kg/hm2 (T3), and P2O5 344 kg/hm2 (T4). The occurrence of diseases was investigated at harvest, and the effects of urea phosphate fertilizer on the occurrence of the two diseases were analyzed. The results showed that the application of urea phosphate fertilizer 6.8 g/plant in mixed soil and 3.4 g/plant in bacterial matrix could effectively reduce the occurrence of potato scab, while the application of urea phosphate fertilizer in mixed soil and bacterial matrix had no effect on the occurrence of powdery scab.

  SSR Analysis of Population Genetic Structure of Magnaporthe oryzae from Different Rice-growing Regions in Yunnan LIU Shufang, ZHANG Xianwen, DONG Liying, LIU Pei, TIAN Weikui, ZHOU Wumin, YANG Qinzhong 2023, 39 (12):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0399 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 21 ) In order to understand the population genetic structure of Magnaporthe oryzae, total genomic DNA of 125 strains of M. oryzae collected from upland rice, indica paddy rice and japonica paddy rice growing regions in 13 prefectures of Yunnan Province during 2007-2013 was amplified and analyzed by PCR with thirteen SSR markers. A total of 128 alleles were detected by 13 pairs of primers. Cluster analysis showed that the 125 tested strains could be divided into 29 genetic genealogies when the similarity coefficient was 0.57. The dominant genealogy YN02 contained 39 strains, accounting for 31.20% of total strains, the secondary dominant genealogy YN08 contained 15 strains, accounting for 12.00% of the total strains, and the other 71 strains belonged to 27 genealogies. The results showed that there were both dominant genealogy and small genealogy with more genetic diversity in Yunnan, indicating rich genetic diversity of M. oryzae population. Comparison of the genealogical frequencies of the strains from different rice growing regions showed that the genealogical frequencies of strains from upland rice, japonica rice and indica rice growing regions were 65.52%, 27.59% and 13.79%, respectively, indicating that the genetic structure of the strains in upland rice growing region was more complex than that in japonica and indica rice growing regions. Therefore, diversified rice varieties should be planted in the regions where there are few genealogies and dominant genealogies, and this practice is conducive to the stabilizing selection of rice blast population and reducing the risk of disease epidemic.

  Relationship Between Accumulation of Storage Substances and Formation of Eating Quality of Taro Corms SUN Ziyi, ZHANG Erjin, JIANG Weijie, YU Xurun, XIONG Fei, RAN Liping 2023, 39 (12):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0658 Abstract + ( 101 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2390KB )   ( 20 ) In order to verify the relationship between the accumulation of storage substances and the formation of eating quality of taro corms, this study selected two varieties of taros named Jingjiang ‘Xiangsha’ and Taixing ‘Xianghe’ as experimental materials, and compared the accumulation of starch, volatile components and other substances in the corms of the two varieties by resin semi-thin section, headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and other methods. The eating quality of the two varieties of taros was also evaluated. The results showed that the water content of ‘Xianghe’ was higher, while its total starch content and amylose content were lower than ‘Xiangsha’. The average size of starch granule of ‘Xianghe’ was smaller than that of ‘Xiangsha’, and the peak of starch grain size distribution of the former one was between 1 and 2 μm, the other one had a peak of between 2 and 3 μm. 10 volatile components were mainly detected in ‘Xianghe’, and the proportion of linalool was as high as 48.82%. 28 volatile components were detected in ‘Xiangsha’, while most of them were colorless and odorless. The taste quality analysis found that the score of smell of ‘Xianghe’ was higher, while its scores of viscosity, hardness, appearance and taste were lower. In summary, the high content of volatile aromatic substances of ‘Xianghe’ resulted in its high score of smell. The low water content, high starch and amylose content, and high starch granule size of ‘Xiangsha’ resulted in its high scores of hardness, taste and high comprehensive score. The results showed that water content, starch content, amylose content and volatile component content of taro corms all affected the formation of eating quality of corms.

  Cadmium Enrichment Characteristics of 15 Rice Varieties and the Safety Risk Assessment LIAN Xiuye 2023, 39 (12):  139-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0397 Abstract + ( 247 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 26 ) This study aims to explore the cadmium enrichment characteristics of rice varieties planted in Changtai District of Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. 15 local main rice varieties were used as the experimental materials, and pot experiments and field experiments of adding cadmium were adopted. The cadmium enrichment coefficient of rice was investigated, and the risk of rice quality safety was evaluated. The results showed that the cadmium content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.026-0.10 mg/kg, 0.16-0.67 mg/kg and 0.32-1.18 mg/kg, respectively, when the total cadmium content of pot experiment was 0.060 mg/kg, 0.39 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5 < pH≤6.5). When the total cadmium content of the field experiment was 0.15 mg/kg, 0.21 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5 < pH≤6.5), the variation scope of cadmium content of the 15 rice varieties was 0.048-0.25 mg/kg, 0.083-0.36 mg/kg and 0.043-0.22 mg/kg, respectively. The cadmium content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total cadmium content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of cadmium among different rice varieties (P < 0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 46.6%-179.3% and 38.3%-179.4%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 2 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 7 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 6 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of cadmium in rice in GB2762-2017 (0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of total cadmium was 0.31-0.41 mg/kg, 0.16-0.25 mg/kg and 0.11-0.12 mg/kg, respectively, in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). Overall, the cadmium enrichment characteristics of the 15 main rice varieties in Changtai District of Zhangzhou are significantly different. For rice variety planted in paddy fields where the total cadmium content is above the critical risk value, its cadmium content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

  Four Biochar-based Conditioners Reducing Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice to Different Degrees WEI Lan, QIU Chaocai, HUANG Lianxi, LI Xiang, HUANG Qing, ZHENG Xiaodong, LIN Qimei, LIU Zhongzhen, CHEN Weisheng 2023, 39 (12):  146-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0497 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 18 ) The purpose of this experiment is to ensure the quality safety of brown rice, and reduce the bioavailability of soil Cd and the content of Cd in brown rice. In this study, four biochar-based conditioners were used as materials to evaluate their effects on reducing Cd bioavailability in soil and inhibiting Cd absorption, transportation and accumulation in rice plants in field. The results showed that after applying the four biochar-based conditioners (biochar+zeolite BZ, biochar+zeolite+organic fertilizer BZM, biochar+iron powder BFe, biochar+calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer BP), the yield of both spring and autumn brown rice increased by 4.41%-21.18%, of which BZM and BP treatments were better and increased the yield of spring rice more significantly. The sum of Cd bioaccumulation factors (BCF) in autumn rice was significantly higher than that in spring rice (1.07-3.75 times). The Cd content of brown rice could be reduced to 0.03-0.23 mg/kg by applying the four biochar-based conditioners. Except the Cd content of autumn brown rice under BZ treatment, the Cd content of brown rice under all the other treatments could conform to the limit of the National Standard for Food Safety. BP was the most effective conditioner in reducing Cd content in brown rice and increasing rice yield. The results indicated that biochar-based conditioners had a certain value for the remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil, and BP had more potential value in neutral or weakly alkaline soil.

  Visual Analysis of CiteSpace Knowledge Map in the Research on Plant Disease Resistance Genes YE Wei, LAI Jingtao, ZENG Jian, GUO Jing 2023, 39 (12):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0700 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2668KB )   ( 26 ) This study aims to systematically understand the research trends and hotspots of plant disease resistance genes in China. Taking CiteSpace as the tool, the core journals of CNKI databases were used to carry out quantitative and visual analysis of literature related to plant disease resistance genes published from 1991 to 2021. The results showed that the number of publications on plant disease resistance genes increased year by year on the whole. The Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the highest number of publications among all research institutes, with a total of 86. It was the the journal of Scientia Agricultura Sinica that published the most literature, with 87 publications. With 38 articles, Liu Daqun, from Hebei Agricultural University, published the most. Based on the co-occurrence keyword analysis, the highest frequency keyword was “disease resistance genes”, which appeared 226 times in total. In the analysis of emergent words, the keyword with the highest intensity was “avirulence genes” (9.707). There are several hotspots for plant disease resistance genes, including the prevention and control of crop diseases, the technical means of disease resistance gene research, and the chemical components related to disease resistance.