Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.13 Published:05 May 2023

  Effects of Soda Saline-Alkali Stress on the Growth and Development of Hemp ZHANG Xiaoyan, BIAN Jing, ZHAO Yue, WANG Xiaonan, SUN Yufeng 2023, 39 (13):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0373 Abstract + ( 157 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 57 ) To clarify the growth and development characteristics of hemp under soda saline-alkali stress, two introduced hemp varieties, ‘Geliexiya’ (V1) and ‘Jindao 15’ (V2), were used to study the changes of seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter weight and bast yield of hemp under different soda saline-alkali stress in different growth stages. The results showed that different soda saline-alkali stress in different growth stages had no significant effect on seedling emergence rate, but had a great impact on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight and hemp bast yield. There was a significant difference between severe and moderate soda saline-alkali stress treatments and the control, in which hemp bast yield decreased by 12.43%-35.27% compared with that of CK. On the whole, different soda saline-alkali stress in different growth stages could inhibit the growth and development of hemp. The inhibition degree in seedling stage is higher than that in other growth stages, and the ability of V1 to withstand soda saline-alkali stress is greater than that of V2.

  The Application Effect of Degradable Mulching Film on Spring Planting Sugarcane TANG Guolei, DAI Guangwei, FENG Lu, CHEN Guowei, LI Xiaofu, PU Ming, LI Rudan 2023, 39 (13):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0386 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 43 ) Four kinds of degradable mulching film were used as research materials to select the suitable one for spring planting sugarcane. The degradation characteristics of the mulching film were studied, and the effects of degradable mulching film on the height, stem diameter, stem number, Brix and yield of sugarcane in mature stage were studied. The results showed that: the continuous effective mulching time of Degradation No.2 and No.3 was 80 days, and the field mulching time of the two kinds of degradable mulching film could meet the water and temperature requirements of spring sugarcane germination. Soil temperature and soil moisture were beneficial to sugarcane germination under the mulching treatment of Degradation No.2. In the mature stage of sugarcane, the sugarcane plant height of Degradation No.1 treatment was the lowest, the sugarcane stem diameter of polyethylene film treatment was the lowest, the sugarcane effective stem number of Degradation No.2 treatment was the highest (77748 plants/hm2), and the sugarcane stem Brix under Degradation No.3 treatment was the highest. The sugarcane yield of Degradation No.2, No.3 and No.4 treatments was higher than that of polyethylene film treatment. However, there was no significant difference among the treatments (P<0.05). The comprehensive analysis showed that the effective coverage time of Degradation No.2 could meet the requirements of sugarcane germination, and the stem yield and sugar content (Brix) of sugarcane in mature stage are relatively high. Therefore, Degradation No.2 is feasible to be popularized and applied in a large area sugarcane planting.

  Effects of Ridge Planting on Tuber Yield of Helianthus tuberosus in Saline-Alkali Land of the Yellow River Delta WANG Lu, GUO Hui, GUO Honghai, LIU Fangfang, HU Xinhui, LIU Zhenlin, JIA Xi 2023, 39 (13):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0350 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 43 ) In order to investigate the effects of different cropping systems and planting densities on the yield of Helianthus tuberosus, two cropping systems were designed: ridge planting (A1) and flat planting (A2), and three row spacing experiments were carried out: 60 cm (B1), 80 cm (B2) and 100 cm (B3). The biomass of stem and leaf, the total tuber yield, and the individual tuber weight were analyzed. The results showed that the aboveground biomass, tuber yield and tuber size of H. tuberosus under ridge planting were higher than those under flat planting. From the perspective of feed collection and tuber yield, the optimal combination is A1B1. From the perspective of tuber marketability and tuber yield, the optimal combination is A1B3. Therefore, to promote H. tuberosus cropping system, suitable cultivation method can be selected according to the planting purpose. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for high-yield cultivation and efficient resource utilization of H. tuberosus in saline-alkali land.

  QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Bolting and Flowering Time of Flowering Chinese Cabbage LI Guihua, FU Mei, LUO Wenlong, LUO Shanwei, GUO Juxian 2023, 39 (13):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0330 Abstract + ( 105 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1657KB )   ( 28 ) Bolting and flowering days are the two critical quantitative traits of flowering Chinese cabbage, at the same time, these traits are also affected by various environmental factors (temperature, light, soil, hormones, etc.), so clarifying the molecular genetic mechanism of the bolting and flowering process of flowering Chinese cabbage is quite difficult. In this experiment, two plant materials with significant differences in bolting and flowering days were selected as parents for crossbreeding. A total of 150 lines were selected from the F2 population for genetic map construction. The map constructed contained 4253 loci, representing 10940 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning 1030.04 centi Morgans (cM) over 10 linkage groups (LGs). A total of 4 QTLs for bolting time and flowering time were obtained. Mixed linear composite interval mapping method was used to conduct QTL analysis for bolting and flowering traits of flowering Chinese cabbage, and bioinformatics was applied to identify some candidate genes. Three candidate genes (Bra004125, Bra004162 and Bra004165) were identified in the main QTL regions, which could control the formation of floral organs and interact with multiple signaling pathways that induce early flowering in plants.

  Transcriptome Analysis of Mulberry Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress WANG Xiaohong, HAN Shiyu, SUN Yunpeng, ZHANG Fang, LUO Zehu, CHEN Biao 2023, 39 (13):  25-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0374 Abstract + ( 122 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1900KB )   ( 36 ) To investigate the molecular mechanism of mulberry seedlings responding to cadmium (Cd) stress, and mine the genes closely related to Cd stress, the transcriptomes derived from mulberry seedlings grown under normal and CdCl2 stress conditions were studied using the Illumina HiSeq method. In this study, 39758 non-redundant transcripts were isolated from mulberry seedlings based on de novo transcriptome assembly. The average length and N50 of these transcripts were 1135 and 1968 bp, respectively, and the average GC content was 41.72%. 15882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from different Cd stress periods. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, secondary metabolism and energy metabolism. In addition, 148 transcription factors (TFs) representing 36 TF families were differentially expressed in different Cd stress periods, including bHLH, MYB, B3, NAC and MYB-related. qRT-PCR showed that the expression profile of DEGs was consistent with RNA-Seq analysis. These results could provide a basis for further understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of mulberry.

  Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Understory Vegetation Restoration and Soil and Water Conservation: A Review RAO Dongyun, SHEN Peng, ZHOU Shiyong, ZHOU Feng, YANG Youqiong, WU Bozhi 2023, 39 (13):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0391 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 43 ) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutually beneficial symbiosis with more than 80% of plant roots on earth and play an important role in arable land resource conservation, vegetation diversity restoration, land desertification control, soil erosion control, and nutrient recycling. The low vegetation coverage near the surface of the understory erosion soil in the red soil areas of south China, coupled with the destruction of forest vegetation by human activities and the higher concentration of heavy rainfall, have caused serious understory soil erosion, which could reduce the productivity of forest land, bring serious harm to the ecological environment, and hinder the sustainable development of forestry industry and social economy in China. Understory inoculation with AMF can promote vegetation recovery and improve soil quality, which in turn can improve soil erosion resistance and reduce soil erosion. This study outlines the research progress of the restoration effect of AMF on vegetation and soil and water conservation in poor understory erosion land in south China, and discusses future research direction of AMF, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and soil erosion reduction.

  The Growth and Development of Fruit and Change of Carbohydrate in Black Wax Gourd JIAO Jiabin, LI Jinlong, CHANG Jingjing, LI Jing, CHEN Xiao, SONG Zhao, HE Yuzhi, ZHANG Baige 2023, 39 (13):  42-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0405 Abstract + ( 217 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1765KB )   ( 33 ) The paper aims to clarify the dynamic characteristics of fruit morphology as well as carbohydrate content of wax gourd, and to provide a theoretical basis for its high quality and high yield cultivation. The large black wax gourd ‘Tiezhu No.2’ was used as the material in this study. The fruit appearance, pulp cell structure, content of carbohydrates, and the activities of enzymes like α-galactosidase were observed at fruit setting stage, young fruit stage, fruit enlargement stage and mature stage, respectively. During the development of wax gourd fruit, cell division mainly happened in the early stage (the first 15 days after flowering) and cell expansion dominated the late stage. The transverse and longitudinal diameters changed with the development of fruit and presented as “S” curves, and their spatial differences in the upper, middle and bottom parts of the fruit were observed. In the fruit enlargement stage, the transverse diameter of the middle part was significantly lower than that of the other parts, and was related to the difference of cell volume. The main carbohydrates in fruit were fructose and glucose, accounting for 51% and 48% of the total soluble sugars, respectively. With the development of fruit, the concentration of soluble total sugar continuously increased, and the activities of neutral invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose synthase in the decomposition direction also gradually increased. However, the activities of soluble acid invertase, cell wall insoluble invertase, and α-galactosidase decreased. The total activities of sucrose decomposition enzymes were greater than those of sucrose synthesis enzymes across all growth periods. Therefore, 20-25 days after flowering is the key period for the growth of middle transverse diameter, and 25-35 days after flowering is important for the accumulation of sugar substances in wax gourd fruit. To improve the shape quality and economic value of wax gourd, early fertilization and proper management should be highlighted, and timely harvest at around 35 days after flowering is recommended.

  Effects of Planting Density on Yield Components of Fresh Grain Pea LI Yanlan, YANG Jincheng, YU Zonghong, JIN Hongyun, WU Jinhua, LI Xiang, ZHANG Chunfan, WANG Chungui, LIU Jianjian, HU Xinzhou, LUO Zhimin, LI Zaofu, SHI Lanfen, SHEN Xianghong, AN Zhengyun, BAI Yuecai 2023, 39 (13):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0380 Abstract + ( 107 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 26 ) To select the best planting density of fresh grain pea ‘Yunwan 18’ in different altitude areas of Yunnan, and provide a basis for good planting practices matching good varieties, the regression model was used to analyze the effects of different planting densities of three altitude areas on fresh grain pea yield and yield components. The results showed that the fitting curves of different planting densities and yield presented a quadratic parabola with the opening downward. The yield first increased with the increase of the planting density, reached the highest when the planting density was at a certain level and the yield remained relatively stable in a certain range of planting density. Then, the fresh grain pea yield decreased with the further increase of the planting density. The planting density for relatively stable yield in the three altitude areas was 330000-420000 plants/hm2. The optimum planting density at 1545 m altitude was 420000 plants/hm2, that at 1770 m was 330000 plants/hm2 and at 1970 m was 375000 plants/hm2.

  Effects of Zhiqianjin Treatments on the Growth of ‘Fengguang’ Grape HAO Jianyu, CHEN Wenchao, WANG Weijun, XU Min, YANG Xi, WANG Yan, MENG Xianghui, DING Jie, KOU Hongli, XU Jianming 2023, 39 (13):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0369 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 26 ) To improve the yield and quality of grapes and realize the steady development of grape industry in Zhangjiakou, studies on efficient and green production technologies of grape were carried out. Using 5-year-old seedlings of ‘Fengguang’ grape as the test material, we explored the effects of Zhiqianjin, a trace element and water-soluble fertilizer, on the growth indicators of ‘Fengguang’ grape, including the leaf net photosynthetic rate, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf transmittance rate, single fruit weight and fruit characters. Then, we selected the best method of Zhiqianjin application. The results showed that the best treatment was to spray Zhiqianjin twice with 800-dilution on the seedlings of ‘Fengguang’ grape. Compared with the control (spraying clear water for 3 times), it significantly increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate by 0.113 μmol/(m2·s), the leaf stomatal conductance by 0.030 mmol/(m2·s), the intercellular CO2 concentration by 1.282 μmol/mol, the transpiration rate by 0.143 mmol/(m2·s), single grape weight by 0.72 g, and soluble solid content by 1.10 percentage points, and deepened the peel color of ‘Fengguang’ grapes and increased the sense of aroma. Expert score was increased by 8 points. The experiment can lay a solid foundation for improving the quality and efficiency of grape production.

  Influence of LED Light Quality on Proliferation, Rooting and Growth of Tissue Culture Plantets of Two Species of Dendrobium WU Yao, WANG Zaihua, LI Jie, LIU Hailin, DUAN Jun, ZHOU Rong, YE Guangying 2023, 39 (13):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0435 Abstract + ( 115 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1666KB )   ( 41 ) This study compared the effects of white light (W), and red-blue-green combination light (R3B6G0, R3B6G1, R3B6G3, R6B3G0, R6B3G1, R6B3G3, and R3B3G3) on the proliferation and rooting status of Dendrobium Lucky Girls ‘Sweet Heart’ and Dendrobium aphyllum ‘Hongfentiangong’, to improve the production efficiency of their tissue culture. At this developmental stage, the differences of most morphometric parameters were compared, such as proliferation coefficient, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter content, root number, average root length, stem diameter, new bud number, plant height and leaf number. Under the treatment of R6B3G1 for 45 days, D. Lucky Girls ‘Sweet Heart’ exhibited the best proliferation effects, with a proliferation coefficient of 2.55 per plant, and its fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter content were 0.54 g/plant, 0.053 g/plant and 9.8%, respectively. The effects of R6B3G0 treatment came as the second, while W and R3B6G3 treatment had poor effects. The root number and average root length of D. Lucky Girls ‘Sweet Heart’ were the best, reaching 11.36 per plant and 2.64 cm, under the treatment of R6B3G3, followed by those under R6B3G1 treatment, but the effects of W and R3B3G3 treatment were the worst. D. aphyllum ‘Hongfentiangong’ had the best proliferation effect under R6B3G3 treatment, with the proliferation coefficient reaching 1.19 per plant and its fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter content were 0.718 g/plant, 0.0548 g/plant and 7.91%, respectively; the effects under W were inferior to those under R6B3G3 treatment, and the worst effects were found under R6B3G0 treatment. In terms of rooting, the effect of R6B3G1 treatment was the best for D. aphyllum ‘Hongfentiangong’, followed by R6B3G3, while the effects of R3B6G3 and W were poor. Therefore, the combined application of red, blue and green light has great potential in terms of the proliferation and rooting for the two Dendrobium species.

  Floristic Characteristics of Bryophytes Under Different Revegetation Patterns in Reclaimed Dumps of Antaibao Mining Area CHEN Huifang, GUO Yingying, LI Suqing 2023, 39 (13):  70-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0861 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 44 ) On the basis of plot sampling of bryophytes, specimen collection and species identification, methods of species abundance index, similarity coefficient, floristic element ratio, principal component analysis (PCA) and systematic cluster analysis were used to analyze the floristic composition and characteristics of bryophytes under different revegetation patterns in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area. The results are as followings. (1) A total of 41 bryophyte species belonged to 17 genera and 7 families under different revegetation patterns were identified in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area, of which the dominant families were Pottiaceae and Bryaceae, and the dominant genera were Didymodon and Bryum, respectively. The composition and floristic characteristics of bryophyte species under different revegetation patterns were closely related to its revegetation patterns. (2) The bryophyte flora under different revegetation patterns in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area were dominated by the distribution type of north temperate zone (accounting for 46.34%), followed by the east Asian distribution type, which had obvious northern temperate properties and east Asian component colors. (3) The PCA analysis and systematic cluster analysis of the bryophyte flora under different revegetation patterns in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area and 11 other regions in China showed that the similarity of bryophyte flora under different revegetation patterns in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area was the highest with that in the Bayan Obo rare earth mining area, while was the lowest with that in the Dongling Mountain. The results indicated that the habitat of bryophytes under different revegetation patterns in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area had been improved significantly with the increase of the revegetation years, but it was still relatively dry on the whole. In the future, the biodiversity protection of bryophytes should be strengthened in the reclaimed dumps of Antaibao mining area.

  Effects of CuSO4 and CaO2 on the Forms of Phosphorus in Seawater and Sediments HUANG Guifang, WEI Xiangtao, LI Linwei, LIANG Jiening, BAI Weihao, GE Changzi 2023, 39 (13):  79-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0842 Abstract + ( 110 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 28 ) The ecological function of biogenic element phosphorus is affected by its forms, and metal cations and DO affect its forms transformation. It is inferred that the fish drugs CuSO4 and CaO2 affect the phosphorus forms. To test this hypothesis, seawater and sediments were exposed to CuSO4 at concentrations of 0, 0.35, 0.70 and 1.05 mg/L, and CaO2 at concentrations of 0, 5.00, 35.00 and 50.00 mg/L respectively under aerated and unaerated conditions. After 21 days, the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), reactive phosphate (IP) in seawater and the content of total phosphorus (TP), hydrochloric acid leachable phosphorus (HCl-P) and exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P) in sediments were determined. The results showed that: under aeration, CuSO4 reduced the IP concentration of overlying water and sediment TP content, and increased the sediment Ex-P content. Without aeration, CuSO4 reduced the TP concentration and the sediment TP and Ex-P, and increased the IP concentration of gap water. Under aeration, calcium peroxide reduced the overlying IP and TP concentration, and increased the sediment HCl-P and Ex-P. Without aeration, calcium peroxide reduced the overlying TP concentration, and increased the gap water IP concentration and sediment Ex-P content. Thus, CuSO4 and CaO2 sequester the phosphorus in water body in sediments, and both of them have the potential to reduce IP in water body.

  Hyper-spectral Estimation for Soil Organic Matter in Yunnan Mountainous Rubber Plantations Guiliang CHEN, Zhongmei LIU, Muguo XU, Xiaoqing LI, DING Huaping, YANG Chunxia 2023, 39 (13):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0997 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2132KB )   ( 34 ) Organic matter is an important indicator of soil nutrient status in rubber plantations. The establishment of a fast and highly precise estimation model for organic matter content can better guide the fine production management of rubber plantations. In this study, 225 rubber plantation soil samples were collected from Dongfeng Farm in Jinghong City, and the spectral reflectance and organic matter content data of the soil samples were obtained. After noise band removal and resampling of the spectral reflectance, three methods [log(1/R), MSC and SNV] were applied to perform spectral transformation processing on resampled spectral reflectance R, and then SG smoothing or derivative transformation modes were used to optimize the spectral reflectance R and the spectral data of three transform forms. The best spectral transformation mode was obtained as log(1/R) combined with SG smoothing transformation. The SG smoothing transformation mode had the derivative order, SG filtering window, and polynomial degree of 0, 5, and 2 or 3, respectively. Based on the best spectral transformation data and soil organic matter content data, three methods including CARS, SPA and CARS-SPA were selected to extract characteristic wavelength, and the hyper-spectral estimation model for soil organic matter was constructed by MLR, PLSR and SVR. The results showed that the estimation accuracy of CARS-SVR model was the highest. The R2, RMSE and RPD were respectively 0.897, 3.990 g/kg and 2.947. Therefore, the established hyper-spectral optimal estimation model for soil organic matter content in Yunnan mountainous rubber plantations, with RPD between 2.5 and 3.0, has good estimation ability.

  The Variation Characteristics of Shallow Soil Temperature in Gansu from 1980 to 2021 YU Haiyue, LIU Xinyu, ZHANG Yuxiang 2023, 39 (13):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0735 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 4477KB )   ( 86 ) Soil temperature has a great impact on agricultural production. To fully understand the characteristics of soil temperature change in Gansu Province in recent years and scientifically guide agricultural production, based on the 42 years’ soil temperature observation data (from 1980 to 2021) of 22 national meteorological observation stations in the province, the characteristics of shallow soil temperature change were analyzed by using climate diagnosis methods such as Morlet wavelet transform energy spectrum and M-K mutation test. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of soil temperature at 0-20 cm in Gansu were low in the center and high at both west and east; the shallow soil temperature was rising year by year, with an average rise of 2.0℃ in 42 years from 1980 to 2021. The vertical distribution characteristic of temperature of 0-20 cm soil was that the fluctuation of temperature would get smaller with the increase of soil depth. The shallow soil temperature had an oscillation period of 8-10 years and a sudden change in 1999. The date when the 5 cm soil temperature stably passed 0℃ was at the end of January in the east, at the beginning of March in the west, and at the end of the first ten days of March in the Qilian Mountain slope zone. The suitable sowing dates for spring wheat and other crops varied greatly, up to about 40 days. The date when the 10 cm soil temperature stably passed 8℃ was at the beginning of the middle ten days of March in the east, in the late March in the west, and in the first ten days of April in the Qilian Mountain slope zone. The suitable sowing period for potato, corn, cotton and other crops differed by about 25 days. There was a very significant linear correlation between air temperature and shallow soil temperature. In the daytime, the temperature change of 0-5 cm soil was greater than that of air temperature. At night, only the surface temperature change was greater than that of air temperature, while the temperature change of 5-20 cm soil was less than air temperature change.

  Inhibitory Effects of 15 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts on Fusarium oxysporum YANG Cuifeng, TENG Zheng, LIU Zhenglu, HAN Tingting, JIANG Chunfen 2023, 39 (13):  102-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0372 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1812KB )   ( 34 ) To prevent and control the stem base rot and develop botanical fungicide resources, the growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of 15 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine extracts, such as Eugenia aromatica, on passion fruit stem base rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. According to the indoor toxicity test results, the 15 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine extracts had inhibitory effect degree from high to low as: Eugenia aromatica> Rhizoma ligustici> Alpinia officinarum> Magnolia officinalis> Coptis chinensis> Aucklandia lappa> Angelica sinensis> Raphanus sativus> Scutellaria baicalensis> Asarum sieboldii> Artemisia argyi> Isatis indigotica> Stemona japonica> Polygonatum sibiricun> Kochia scoparia, among which Eugenia aromatica, Rhizoma ligustici and Alpinia officinarum extracts had the best and stable antibacterial effects. When the inhibitory concentration of the above three extracts was 20, 80 and 80 mg/mL respectively, the inhibition rate could reach 100%. The virulence regression equation analysis showed that the EC50 of Eugenia aromatica, Rhizoma ligustici and Alpinia officinarum extracts to the tested strains was 1.46, 1.66 and 1.81 mg/mL, respectively.

  Bacterial Community Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Chrysanthemum Wilt Plants: A Comparative Study ZHAO Yahong, WU Zhixing, LIU Minrong, TU Yanfang, XUE Jianping, WANG Yue, LU Chao, LIU Jiani, YU Lei, YAO Ruyu, CHEN Zhixing, HUANG Feiyan 2023, 39 (13):  109-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0396 Abstract + ( 107 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1436KB )   ( 38 ) Chrysanthemum wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi) is a root-invading disease that affects the development of chrysanthemum industry. In this study, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure between wilt-affected plants and healthy plants of chrysanthemum. The results showed that the incidence of chrysanthemum wilt had a significant impact on the abundance of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil. The number of bacterial OTUs in the rhizosphere of healthy chrysanthemum plants and diseased chrysanthemum plants were 1831 and 1723, respectively, with a share of 1661. The total number of bacterial OTUs in the rhizosphere soil of healthy chrysanthemum plants was 6.23% higher than that of diseased plants, and the number of unique OTUs was 2.74 times that of diseased plants. From the diversity level of soil rhizosphere bacterial community structure, chrysanthemum wilt plants were lower than chrysanthemum healthy plants. Alpha diversity index showed that Shannon, Ace and Chao1 indexes of rhizosphere soil of chrysanthemum wilt plants were 1.60%, 5.71% and 6.62% lower than those of healthy plants, respectively. In addition, chrysanthemum wilt plants and chrysanthemum healthy plants also had significant differences in the structure of soil bacterial community diversity. In the rhizosphere soil of chrysanthemum healthy plants, the relative abundance of main α-proteobacteria, Bacilli, Chloroflexia were 10.27%, 1.50% and 9.54% higher than those of diseased plants, respectively. At the genus level, the relative abundance of genus Bacillus, Sphingomonas and Arthrobacter in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were 4.14%, 0.45% and 39.24% lower than those of healthy plants, respectively. The above results indicate that in the rhizosphere soil of chrysanthemum, the change of bacterial community structure and the reduction of species diversity are the key factors for the incidence of chrysanthemum wilt. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the control of chrysanthemum wilt.

  Mechanism and Functionalization of Biochar for Pesticide Adsorption: Research Progress DONG Xu, CHU Yue, TONG Zhou, MENG Dandan, SUN Mingna, ZHOU Liangliang, WANG Minghua, DUAN Jinsheng 2023, 39 (13):  117-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0346 Abstract + ( 122 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2028KB )   ( 39 ) Pesticide is an important input in agricultural production. Due to the restricting elements such as pesticide improper use, pesticide resistance and environmental factors, the effective utilization rate of pesticide is low. Pesticide pollution of soil can lead to soil dysfunction, and the exposure of pesticide may cause acute, chronic and long-term harm to human health. As a new material, biochar can be used to fix/degrade pollutants and minimize the risk of soil pollution with its high aromatic character, excellent absorbability and environmental friendliness. In this paper, the characteristics and formation mechanism of biochar, its adsorption mechanism of pesticides and the pathway of functionalization are briefly discussed by summarizing the research results at home and abroad.

  Comparative Analysis of Total Flavonoids Content in Wild Macrofungi WU Guifen, YAN Huandan 2023, 39 (13):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0404 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 25 ) The paper aims to explore the distribution of total flavonoids in macrofungi resources in the Zuojiang River Basin. Eight kinds of macrofungi were used as experimental materials, including Pyropolyporus fomentarius, Trametes gibbosa, Phellinus vaninii, Antrodia variifoormis, Fomitopsis officinalis, Inonotus lonicericola, Coriolopsis strumsa, and Trichaptum pargamenum. Total flavonoids were extracted from the above macrofungi by ultrasonic method, and the contents of total flavonoids were determined by sodium nitrite method. The results showed that the linear relationship between the concentration of rutin standard and the absorbance value was good at 510 nm, and the linear correlation coefficient was R2=0.9861. The eight macrofungi all contained flavonoids, and Phellinus vaninii had the highest content of flavonoids of 39.740 mg/g, while Trichaptum pargamenum had the lowest content of 5.532 mg/g.

  Study on the Biochemical Components’ Diversity and Pharmacodynamic Components’ Characteristics of 18 Lithocarpus litseifolius Resource Accessions YANG Zhiling, TAN Zifeng, YANG Xu, TIAN Zhaoxia 2023, 39 (13):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0522 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 23 ) This paper aims to understand the characteristics of rich biochemical components and pharmacodynamic components of Lithocarpus litseifolius, and to provide a basis for mining specific resources and breeding high-quality characteristic varieties. In this study, 18 accessions of L. litseifolius were selected as test materials, from which spring tender leaves with one bud and two leaves were picked to prepare tea samples, and then, the diversity of conventional biochemical components, nutritional components and pharmacodynamic components were analyzed respectively. Its results showed that the water extract content ranged from 18.20% to 52.2%, among which 10 accessions with water extract content higher than 35%. The tea polyphenols content varied from 10.50% to 21.30%, and 5 accessions of resources had tea polyphenols >18.00%. The variation of free amino acids was from 0.37% to 6.27%, and among which 7 accessions had the total amount of free amino acids more than 2.33%. The variation range of caffeine was from 0% to 0.03%, and there were 4 accessions with caffeine of 0%. The content of ascorbic acid, protein, soluble sugar and reduced sugar ranged between 1.25 and 39.7 mg/100 g, 8.61% and 18.00%, 2.56% and 9.67%, and 2.06% and 7.74%, respectively. The variation range of total flavonoids, phloridzin, trilobatin, and dihydroaurone content were 4.18-10.08, 0.59-9.17, 1.13-29.58 and 10.30-30.75 g/100 g among the 18 resource accessions, respectively. There were 9, 4, 11 and 10 resource accessions in which the content of total flavonoids, phloridzin, trilobatin and dihydrothearone were higher than the average, individually. The ratio of phenol to ammonia could be used as a biochemical index of L. litseifolius sweet tea processing suitability. The primary selection results suggested that 8 accessions of resources were suitable materials to make green tea, 7 accessions were suitable to make black and green tea, and 3 accessions were susitable to make black tea, respectively. Besides, water extract, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, total flavonoids, phloridzin, trilobatin, dihydrothearone, protein, reducing sugar and soluble sugar of L. litseifolius sweet tea enriched soluble and flavoring substances of tea soup, and they could be used as the evaluation indexes of sweet tea quality. And what’s more, the conventional biochemical components, nutritional components and main pharmacodynamic components of the 18 tested accessions of L. litseifolius varied significantly, and these accessions were valuable resources of further screening for specific varieties.

  Browning Mechanism and Its Control Technology: Research Progress YANG Xufeng, JIA Xiaodong, XU Mengyang, MO Zhenghai, JIA Zhanhui, XUAN Jiping 2023, 39 (13):  137-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0400 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 35 ) The causes, influencing factors and prevention and control technologies of foodstuff browning at home and abroad are summarized. According to different conditions, browning can be divided into enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning, while non-enzymatic browning can be further divided into Maillard reaction, caramelization, ascorbic acid oxidative decomposition and polyphenols oxidative dimerization. There are many factors affecting browning. The factors affecting enzymatic browning include substrate type and concentration, enzyme activity, oxygen, temperature and pH, etc. The factors affecting non-enzymatic browning vary with different reactions, among which temperature and pH are the most important factors. Based on the occurrence mechanism and influencing factors of browning, the prevention and control technologies of browning include physical and chemical prevention and control technologies and the combination of both. This paper points out current problems in fruit and vegetable storage and browning prevention and control technology development, such as high energy consumption, high cost and low safety. Moreover, it further suggests that the browning prevention and control technology should be mainly physical one, supplemented by necessary chemical technology treatment, and the focus should be on the excavation of new materials and new inhibitors.

  Application of Satellite Remote Sensing to Extracting Tobacco Planting Area LI Li, WANG Lili, LI Changjun, CHEN Xiuzhai, Tan Xiaolei, GAO Qiang, ZHANG Chao, TIAN Hongzhang 2023, 39 (13):  146-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0606 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 3866KB )   ( 64 ) Tobacco is one of the important cash crops in China. Accurate extraction of tobacco planting area is of great significance to the adjustment of crop planting structure and scientific management and monitoring of tobacco fields. Based on GEE (Google Earth Engine) cloud platform, the authors used Sentinel-2A multi-temporal data from February to November of 2021 to exclude error factors according to tobacco planting characteristics, and combined with the distribution characteristics of field sampling data to conclude the vegetation characteristics. Using the threshold method, Linyi City of Shandong Province was taken as an example. Study on automatic extraction of tobacco planting plots was carried out. The results showed that the combined model of GEE and random forest algorithm could accurately obtain the spatial distribution information of tobacco planting field, and the overall classification accuracy was 96.04%. The classification of this research method is of high quality, which can meet the research requirement and provide accurate, quick and scientific reference for the tobacco planting field management department.

  Development and Application of Rapid Assessment System for Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Mango Producing Area JIA Wenjing, WANG Zhe, JIANG Hu, LUO Ying, ZHANG Zhenlong, FENG Xiyang, ZHANG Jiaqian, ZENG Qiuping 2023, 39 (13):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0459 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2630KB )   ( 24 ) In order to carry out quickly and effectively soil heavy metal pollution assessment and serve soil heavy metal pollution prevention and remediation, a soil heavy metal pollution evaluation system to realize the unified management of multi-source heterogeneous data and rapid evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution was designed and developed. The system was based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 platform, ArcGIS Engine technology and C# programming language, and was applied to the data management and pollution assessment of seven heavy metal elements, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, in a mango growing area in Panzhihua. The results showed that: (1) the heavy metals in soil of this mango growing area was at a heavy contamination level; (2) the highest pollution level of Cd was classified as moderate-severe pollution; (3) the comprehensive potential ecological risk was classified as a moderate hazard level; (4) the evaluation efficiency of different indices of the soil heavy metal pollution rapid evaluation system was improved by 233%-1900%, compared with the traditional evaluation method developed by GIS. The system can efficiently assess soil heavy metal pollution and manage multi-source heterogeneous soil data, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution.