Four Biochar-based Conditioners Reducing Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice to Different Degrees

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0497

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this experiment is to ensure the quality safety of brown rice, and reduce the bioavailability of soil Cd and the content of Cd in brown rice. In this study, four biochar-based conditioners were used as materials to evaluate their effects on reducing Cd bioavailability in soil and inhibiting Cd absorption, transportation and accumulation in rice plants in field. The results showed that after applying the four biochar-based conditioners (biochar+zeolite BZ, biochar+zeolite+organic fertilizer BZM, biochar+iron powder BFe, biochar+calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer BP), the yield of both spring and autumn brown rice increased by 4.41%-21.18%, of which BZM and BP treatments were better and increased the yield of spring rice more significantly. The sum of Cd bioaccumulation factors (BCF) in autumn rice was significantly higher than that in spring rice (1.07-3.75 times). The Cd content of brown rice could be reduced to 0.03-0.23 mg/kg by applying the four biochar-based conditioners. Except the Cd content of autumn brown rice under BZ treatment, the Cd content of brown rice under all the other treatments could conform to the limit of the National Standard for Food Safety. BP was the most effective conditioner in reducing Cd content in brown rice and increasing rice yield. The results indicated that biochar-based conditioners had a certain value for the remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil, and BP had more potential value in neutral or weakly alkaline soil.

Key words: paddy soil, cadmium (Cd), biochar-based conditioner, spring rice, autumn rice

WEI Lan, QIU Chaocai, HUANG Lianxi, LI Xiang, HUANG Qing, ZHENG Xiaodong, LIN Qimei, LIU Zhongzhen, CHEN Weisheng. Four Biochar-based Conditioners Reducing Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice to Different Degrees[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(12): 146-153.

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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材料	pH	有机质 /(g/kg)	总C含量 /(g/kg)	CEC /(cmol/kg)	总Cd /(mg/kg)
生物炭(B)	9.80	-	42.00	-	0.00
沸石(Z)	10.45	1.20	-	0.42	0.01
有机肥(M)	6.53	52.00	-	0.52	0.09
还原铁粉(Fe)	9.78	-	-	-	0.00
钙镁磷肥(P)	9.05	0.40	-	23.21	0.02

材料	pH	有机质 /(g/kg)	总C含量 /(g/kg)	CEC /(cmol/kg)	总Cd /(mg/kg)
生物炭(B)	9.80	-	42.00	-	0.00
沸石(Z)	10.45	1.20	-	0.42	0.01
有机肥(M)	6.53	52.00	-	0.52	0.09
还原铁粉(Fe)	9.78	-	-	-	0.00
钙镁磷肥(P)	9.05	0.40	-	23.21	0.02

器官	季别	元素	CK	BZ	BZM	BFe	BP	平均
糙米	早稻	N	11.37±0.28b	12.35±0.68ab	12.85±0.77a	12.22±1.06ab	13.22±1.00a	12.40
		P	3.30±0.28a	3.15±0.50a	3.36±0.57a	3.05±0.72a	3.47±0.44a	3.27
		K	2.81±0.25a	2.56±0.29a	2.55±0.15a	2.62±0.38a	2.81±0.23a	2.67
	晚稻	N	15.38±0.61a	15.38±0.87a	15.49±1.51a	16.09±0.48a	16.51±1.00a	15.77
		P	2.06±0.07a	2.50±0.39a	2.49±0.25a	2.34±0.36a	2.82±0.57a	2.44
		K	1.82±0.12a	2.18±0.43a	2.13±0.16a	2.01±0.13a	2.36±0.34a	2.10
稻壳	早稻	N	4.79±0.64a	5.13±0.78a	5.48±0.98a	4.76±0.78a	4.96±0.54a	5.02
		P	1.08±0.07a	0.88±0.25a	1.00±0.31a	1.19±0.41a	0.70±0.27a	0.97
		K	4.36±0.39a	4.34±0.22a	4.57±0.12a	4.28±0.21a	4.24±0.62a	4.36
	晚稻	N	8.96±0.36a	8.01±0.41abc	7.20±0.67bc	7.02±0.18c	8.36±0.91ab	7.91
		P	3.52±0.38a	3.67±0.65a	2.57±0.17b	2.60±0.15b	2.31±0.32b	2.93
		K	6.64±1.01a	6.96±0.54a	6.52±0.51a	6.81±0.10a	6.50±0.49a	6.69
稻草	早稻	N	7.62±1.80a	9.66±1.25a	11.34±1.28a	7.81±6.62a	9.84±2.20a	9.25
		P	1.17±0.41a	1.47±0.39a	1.64±0.32a	1.67±0.81a	1.20±0.10a	1.43
		K	27.02±2.22a	24.59±3.83a	25.42±3.86a	24.30±1.57a	28.46±2.44a	25.96
	晚稻	N	11.92±1.68a	10.76±1.00a	11.61±1.53a	12.00±1.24a	11.82±2.16a	11.62
		P	1.53±0.55a	1.40±0.13a	1.36±0.35a	1.49±0.10a	1.21±0.35a	1.40
		K	28.26±2.07a	29.88±0.69a	31.26±2.23a	29.92±2.99a	31.10±0.52a	30.08
稻根	早稻	N	7.62±1.04a	9.34±1.24a	9.08±1.25a	8.77±1.18a	7.90±1.43a	8.54
		P	2.39±0.54a	3.30±0.99a	2.47±0.55a	2.56±0.97a	2.53±0.61a	2.65
		K	11.29±3.15a	13.27±2.46a	13.35±2.99a	11.49±2.71a	9.93±3.32a	11.87
	晚稻	N	9.63±0.46a	9.53±0.60a	10.16±0.60a	9.88±0.65a	9.31±0.46a	9.70
		P	3.02±0.78a	4.37±0.70a	3.67±1.51a	3.75±0.28a	5.45±2.66a	4.05
		K	9.50±3.25a	10.71±2.32a	9.06±1.27a	10.52±2.00a	10.91±2.94a	10.14

器官	季别	元素	CK	BZ	BZM	BFe	BP	平均
糙米	早稻	N	11.37±0.28b	12.35±0.68ab	12.85±0.77a	12.22±1.06ab	13.22±1.00a	12.40
		P	3.30±0.28a	3.15±0.50a	3.36±0.57a	3.05±0.72a	3.47±0.44a	3.27
		K	2.81±0.25a	2.56±0.29a	2.55±0.15a	2.62±0.38a	2.81±0.23a	2.67
	晚稻	N	15.38±0.61a	15.38±0.87a	15.49±1.51a	16.09±0.48a	16.51±1.00a	15.77
		P	2.06±0.07a	2.50±0.39a	2.49±0.25a	2.34±0.36a	2.82±0.57a	2.44
		K	1.82±0.12a	2.18±0.43a	2.13±0.16a	2.01±0.13a	2.36±0.34a	2.10
稻壳	早稻	N	4.79±0.64a	5.13±0.78a	5.48±0.98a	4.76±0.78a	4.96±0.54a	5.02
		P	1.08±0.07a	0.88±0.25a	1.00±0.31a	1.19±0.41a	0.70±0.27a	0.97
		K	4.36±0.39a	4.34±0.22a	4.57±0.12a	4.28±0.21a	4.24±0.62a	4.36
	晚稻	N	8.96±0.36a	8.01±0.41abc	7.20±0.67bc	7.02±0.18c	8.36±0.91ab	7.91
		P	3.52±0.38a	3.67±0.65a	2.57±0.17b	2.60±0.15b	2.31±0.32b	2.93
		K	6.64±1.01a	6.96±0.54a	6.52±0.51a	6.81±0.10a	6.50±0.49a	6.69
稻草	早稻	N	7.62±1.80a	9.66±1.25a	11.34±1.28a	7.81±6.62a	9.84±2.20a	9.25
		P	1.17±0.41a	1.47±0.39a	1.64±0.32a	1.67±0.81a	1.20±0.10a	1.43
		K	27.02±2.22a	24.59±3.83a	25.42±3.86a	24.30±1.57a	28.46±2.44a	25.96
	晚稻	N	11.92±1.68a	10.76±1.00a	11.61±1.53a	12.00±1.24a	11.82±2.16a	11.62
		P	1.53±0.55a	1.40±0.13a	1.36±0.35a	1.49±0.10a	1.21±0.35a	1.40
		K	28.26±2.07a	29.88±0.69a	31.26±2.23a	29.92±2.99a	31.10±0.52a	30.08
稻根	早稻	N	7.62±1.04a	9.34±1.24a	9.08±1.25a	8.77±1.18a	7.90±1.43a	8.54
		P	2.39±0.54a	3.30±0.99a	2.47±0.55a	2.56±0.97a	2.53±0.61a	2.65
		K	11.29±3.15a	13.27±2.46a	13.35±2.99a	11.49±2.71a	9.93±3.32a	11.87
	晚稻	N	9.63±0.46a	9.53±0.60a	10.16±0.60a	9.88±0.65a	9.31±0.46a	9.70
		P	3.02±0.78a	4.37±0.70a	3.67±1.51a	3.75±0.28a	5.45±2.66a	4.05
		K	9.50±3.25a	10.71±2.32a	9.06±1.27a	10.52±2.00a	10.91±2.94a	10.14

水稻	处理	稻根	稻草	稻壳	糙米	总和
早稻	CK	3.32±0.79b	0.68±0.24bc	0.28±0.09a	1.46±0.50a	5.74
	BZ	7.08±2.48a	2.68±0.68a	0.25±0.05a	0.69±0.27b	10.70
	BZM	4.32±1.81ab	1.61±0.65b	0.13±0.07a	0.32±0.09b	6.38
	BFe	2.66±0.63b	1.02±0.41bc	0.24±0.15a	0.44±0.17b	4.36
	BP	2.59±0.39b	0.50±0.05c	0.24±0.24a	0.21±0.07b	3.54
晚稻	CK	6.35±0.24b	4.85±0.78ab	0.61±0.18a	1.25±0.13a	13.06
	BZ	13.81±1.45a	6.24±0.52a	0.85±0.11a	1.20±0.19a	22.10
	BZM	12.52±1.12a	2.65±0.48bc	0.89±0.26a	0.99±0.26ab	17.05
	BFe	15.12±0.34a	4.65±1.01ab	0.60±0.16a	0.32±0.04b	20.69
	BP	9.76±1.80ab	0.83±0.06c	0.61±0.15a	0.21±0.03b	11.41