Abstract: In order to study the change of soil quality of land use alteration from paddy field to vegetable garden, the author collected 32 pairs of surface soil samples from paddy field and vegetable garden altered from paddy field in the northwestern Zhejiang, analyzed the change of soil chemical characteristics by measuring pH, water soluble salt, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, available Fe, available Mn and 6 kinds of heavy metal elements. The results showed that, after altering into vegetable garden, the content of soil water soluble salt increased while organic carbon declined, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium increased obviously. Meanwhile, the soil tended to be acidification, pH decreased. The contents of soil available Fe and Mn decreased, while Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn accumulated significantly. There was a U- form relationship of pH between the altered and original soil, pH of neutral soil decreased significantly, but slightly for acidic and alkaline soils. The decreased amount of organic carbon and total N rose with the increase of the content of organic matter and total N in CK, there was a significant positive correlation between them. After altering to vegetable garden, soil acidification and salinization were obvious, soil organic carbon decreased and soil environmental quality also declined with the transformation.