Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1047

Abstract

Abstract:

In China, the amount of livestock and poultry manure produced every year is huge and can cause pollution to soil, waterbody and air through long-term accumulation. The major way to treat livestock and poultry manure is aerobic composting. Since there are problems such as ammonia loss in the composting process, amendments can be added to reduce ammonia gas volatilization and pH, and improve the microbial community structure of the compost pile, thus decreasing nitrogen loss. The application features of several amendments and their regulating role in nitrogen transformation in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure are summarized in this study, and the primary issues in the composting process are listed. Additionally, the study discusses the development trend of livestock and poultry manure treatment and the resource utilization, hoping to provide reference for future research.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, compost transformation, amendments, functional characteristics, nitrogen transformation

DAI Wenlong, ZHENG Xu, FU Haiyan, LIU Chunguang, WU Tong, YANG Fengshan. Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(11): 135-142.

Figures/Tables 3

References 70

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种类	功能特性	参考文献
生物炭	比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、碱性	[16]
沸石	多孔三维骨架结构、多孔结构、高阳离子交换能力、分子筛、酸性	[17]
膨润土	多孔海绵状结构、高阳离子交换容量、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高持水能力、碱性	[18]
粘土	颗粒细小、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、保水能力强、碱性	[19]
麦饭石	海绵结构、比表面积大、微孔结构、高阳离子交换容量、酸性	[20]
蛭石	多层结构、比表面积大、高阳离子交换容量、永久性、碱性	[21]
黑电石	天然硅质材料、连续释放负离子、自发产生静电引力、酸性	[22]
坡缕石	针状结构、比表面积大、离子吸附能力、中等电荷、碱性	[23]
硅藻土	硅酸盐材料、化学惰性、多孔性、高表面积、酸性	[23]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
生物炭	比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、碱性	[16]
沸石	多孔三维骨架结构、多孔结构、高阳离子交换能力、分子筛、酸性	[17]
膨润土	多孔海绵状结构、高阳离子交换容量、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高持水能力、碱性	[18]
粘土	颗粒细小、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、保水能力强、碱性	[19]
麦饭石	海绵结构、比表面积大、微孔结构、高阳离子交换容量、酸性	[20]
蛭石	多层结构、比表面积大、高阳离子交换容量、永久性、碱性	[21]
黑电石	天然硅质材料、连续释放负离子、自发产生静电引力、酸性	[22]
坡缕石	针状结构、比表面积大、离子吸附能力、中等电荷、碱性	[23]
硅藻土	硅酸盐材料、化学惰性、多孔性、高表面积、酸性	[23]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
单质硫磷酸	硫可以氧化为SO₄^-，降低pH 抑制硝化反应保留更多的NH₄⁺-N，显著减少NH₃挥发、降低pH	[27] [28]
FeSO₄	与堆肥中的NH₄⁺形成络合物，增强固氮能力，可作为堆肥的保氮剂、降低pH	[29]
柠檬酸	柠檬酸和堆肥物料中的淀粉发生酯化反应、降低pH	[30]
镁盐和磷酸盐	通过与NH₄⁺反应生成鸟粪石结晶，显著缓解氨的排放、降低pH	[31⇓-33]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
单质硫磷酸	硫可以氧化为SO₄^-，降低pH 抑制硝化反应保留更多的NH₄⁺-N，显著减少NH₃挥发、降低pH	[27] [28]
FeSO₄	与堆肥中的NH₄⁺形成络合物，增强固氮能力，可作为堆肥的保氮剂、降低pH	[29]
柠檬酸	柠檬酸和堆肥物料中的淀粉发生酯化反应、降低pH	[30]
镁盐和磷酸盐	通过与NH₄⁺反应生成鸟粪石结晶，显著缓解氨的排放、降低pH	[31⇓-33]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
氨氧化古菌(AOA)	存在氨单加氧酶(AMO)，影响氨(NH₄⁺-N)到羟胺(NH₂OH)的反应速率	[36]
氨氧化细菌(AOB)	存在羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)，可以将羟胺(NH₂OH)转化为亚硝酸盐(NO₂^--N)，是硝化过程的限速步骤	[37]
亚硝酸盐氧化细菌	存在亚硝酸盐氧化酶(Nxr)，通过氧化作用向硝态氮转化	[37]
固氮菌	存在nifH基因，在一定条件下将氮气还原为铵	[38]