Effects of Different N Fertilizer Forms and Doses on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0688

Abstract

Abstract:

To control and manage soil acidification and deterioration in the middle-low yield farmland in Xuyi, the experiments of nitrogen use efficiency of different N fertilizer and improvement of arable land quality were conducted in farmer Zhang Jinwen’s field in Chenying Village, Gusang Town, Xuyi County. The former grown crop was winter wheat while the tested crop in this experiment was summer maize. The experiment was designed as follows: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2)525 kg/hm² of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm² of urea; (3) 675 kg/hm²of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm² of urea; (4) 525 kg/hm² of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm² of organic fertilizer; (5) 675 kg/hm² of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm² of organic fertilizer, totally 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The random block plots were arrayed and ditches were dug around the plots. The results showed that the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for different forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizer was high, about 43%-56%. The NUE of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer stimulated the growth of maize plant and increased the biomass of maize. The N dependent rate in soil was decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer use. The N dependent rate in soil for organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer at the same amounts of N fertilizer. The more amounts of N fertilizer, the higher the apparent N agronomic efficiency, which could promote maize growth and biomass, especially increase maize straw yield. The highest apparent N agronomic efficiency was for organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, but it could not increase maize grain yield. From view of apparent N balance, the amount of compound fertilizer was much bigger than nitrogen taken up by maize while relative smaller for organic fertilizer. From the view of apparent N use efficiency, it was increased with the increasing of N amount. However, the NUE of compound fertilizer was far lower than that of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The elevated NUE and soil organic matter were obtained by chemical N fertilizer blending with organic fertilizer. It was concluded and suggested that the use of organic-inorganic fertilizer was better to improve the NUE during the fertilization in middle-low yield degraded arable land.

Key words: soil, N fertilizer, summer maize, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, N use efficiency

WU Hongsheng, MA Wenzhou, DING Jun, CHENG Cheng, SHI Taoran, ZHOU Guohua, DIAO Qinlan, WANG Xiaoyun, CAI Yuntong, YIN Wen, ZHANG Jinfu, XU Jinyi. Effects of Different N Fertilizer Forms and Doses on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(17): 9-16.

Figures/Tables 9

References 29

[1]	纪德智, 王端, 赵京考, 等. 不同氮肥形式对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2015, 23(2):111-116,123.
[2]	杨峰, 闫秋艳, 鲁晋秀, 等. 氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、氮素利用率及土壤养分残留量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(1):171-178. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.01.026
[3]	JOHNSON J M F, FRANZLUEBBERS A J, WEYERS S L, et al. Agricultural opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Environmental pollution, 2007, 150(1):107-124. pmid: 17706849
[4]	SNYDER C S, BRUULSEMA T W, JENSEN T L, et al. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects[J]. Agriculture ecosystems & environment, 2009, 133(3):247-266. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.021 URL
[5]	娄庭, 龙怀玉, 杨丽娟, 等. 在过量施氮农田中减氮和有机无机配施对土壤质量及作物产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010:(2):11-15.
[6]	张北赢, 陈天林, 王兵. 长期施用化肥对土壤质量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(11):182-187.
[7]	汤勇华. 中国农田化学氮肥的施用和生产中温室气体(N₂O、CO₂)减排潜力估算[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2010.
[8]	刘慧屿, 娄春荣, 韩英祚, 等. 秸秆生物炭与减量氮肥配施对玉米氮素利用率及土壤结构的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(5):1180-1188.
[9]	郭彩霞, 王永亮, 郭军零, 等. 不同管理模式对纯玉米土壤硝态氮累积与氮素利用率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2016, 31(3):191-197. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.03.028
[10]	鲍士旦主编. 土壤农化分析(第三版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018.
[11]	MATSON P A, MCDOWELL W H, TOWNSEND A R, et al. The globalization of n deposition: Ecosystem consequences in tropical environments[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 46(1/3):67-83.
[12]	张春伦, 朱兴明, 胡思农. 缓释尿素的肥效及氮素利用率研究[J]. 土壤肥料, 1998(6):17-20.
[13]	孟建, 李雁鸣, 党红凯. 施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收利用土壤中硝态氮积累和子粒产量的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2007, 30(2):1-6.
[14]	MITALI M, PROBIE K P. Yield response, accumulation of bioactive ingredient and ion uptake of Stevia rebaudiana to different soil-moisture and nitrogen levels[J]. Agricultural water management, 2022, 264:107511.
[15]	LU J S, XIANG Y Z, FAN J L, et al. Sustainable high grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water productivity can be achieved in wheat-maize rotation system by changing irrigation and fertilization strategy[J]. Agricultural water management, 2021, 258:107177. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107177 URL
[16]	梁元振, 仝利鹏, 吴德亮, 等. 有机无机肥配施对土壤硝态氮、玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(4):111-116.
[17]	李燕青, 温延臣, 林治安. 不同有机肥与化肥配施对氮素利用率和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10):1669-1678.
[18]	WU Y, BIAN S F, LIU Z M, et al. Drip irrigation incorporating water conservation measures: Effects on soil water-nitrogen utilization, root traits and grain production of spring maize in semi-arid areas[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2021, 20(12): 3127-3142. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63314-7 URL
[19]	LIU J, JIANG B S, SHEN J L, et al. Contrasting effects of straw and straw-derived biochar applications on soil carbon accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency in double-rice cropping systems[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 2021, 311:107286. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107286 URL
[20]	LAN T, XIAO Q H, WANG Q, et al. Synergistic effects of biological nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, and biochar on NH₃ volatilization, N leaching, and nitrogen use efficiency in a calcareous soil-wheat system[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2022, 174:104412. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104412 URL
[25]	SUNITA K M, AMITAVA R, VIJAY S M. Effect of seed bio-priming and N doses under varied soil type on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under greenhouse conditions[J]. Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2016, 6:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.02.010 URL
[21]	SONG X N, ZHANG J L, LI D H, et al. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have the potential to improve nitrogen use efficiency through the reduction of ammonia volatilization in red soil paddy fields[J]. Soil & tillage research, 2022, 217:105274.
[22]	QIN X L, HUANG T T, LU C, et al. Benefits and limitations of straw mulching and incorporation on maize yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Agricultural water management, 2021, 256:107128. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107128 URL
[24]	GUO J J, FAN J L, ZHANG F C, et al. Blending urea and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer increases dryland maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency while mitigating ammonia volatilization[J]. Science of the total environment, 2021, 790:148058. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148058 URL
[23]	ZHANG K P, LI Y F, WEI H H, et al. Conservation tillage or plastic film mulching? A comprehensive global meta-analysis based on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Science of the total environment, 2022, 831:154869. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154869 URL
[26]	HAO X, MUHAMMAD R, ZHANG M Y, et al. Biochar increases nitrogen use efficiency of maize by relieving aluminum toxicity and improving soil quality in acidic soil[J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2020, 196:110531. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110531 URL
[27]	井永苹, 李彦, 张英鹏, 等. 不同有机肥用量对土壤硝态氮含量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2016, 48(12):95-100.
[28]	慕君, 马旭东, 张丹丹, 等. 有机肥与化肥配施下土壤氮组分变化与氮素利用率研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(5):107-113.
[29]	杨浩鹏, 李飞跃, 索改弟, 等. 生物炭配施化肥对土壤理化性质、氮素利用率和玉米产量的影响[J]. 安徽科技学院学报, 2020, 34(6):53-58.

处理	pH	有机质/%	全氮/%	速效氮/(mg/kg)
CK	6.75±0.06a	19.2±2.12a	0.09±0.006a	94.53±13.22a
T₁	6.60±0.07a	19.7±2.43a	0.10±0.012a	105.30±12.48a
T₂	6.51±0.07a	20.03±2.25ab	0.12±0.009ab	114.56±14.15ab
T₃	6.48±0.08a	21.0±2.32b	0.11±0.014a	105.43±18.46a
T₄	6.37±0.07a	23.8±2.42b	0.11±0.009a	109.32±12.41a

处理	pH	有机质/%	全氮/%	速效氮/(mg/kg)
CK	6.75±0.06a	19.2±2.12a	0.09±0.006a	94.53±13.22a
T₁	6.60±0.07a	19.7±2.43a	0.10±0.012a	105.30±12.48a
T₂	6.51±0.07a	20.03±2.25ab	0.12±0.009ab	114.56±14.15ab
T₃	6.48±0.08a	21.0±2.32b	0.11±0.014a	105.43±18.46a
T₄	6.37±0.07a	23.8±2.42b	0.11±0.009a	109.32±12.41a

处理	土壤氮素依存率/%	氮素农学效率/%	氮素表观平衡	氮素表观利用率/%	氮收获指数/%
CK	100.00±6.8a	0a	-3.67±0.4a	0a	52.88±6.2a
T₁	67.05±6.2b	476.89±58.3b	6.68±0.5b	14.82±1.9b	51.19±6.8a
T₂	61.70±6.8b	629.24±73.2c	7.71±0.6b	16.66±2.3b	45.44±6.2b
T₃	75.35±8.4b	716.18±78.9c	3.780.5a	13.84±1.9b	49.58±7.1a
T₄	64.91±7.8b	1072.58±126.4d	4.50±0.5bc	19.51±3.4c	44.02±5.7b

处理	土壤氮素依存率/%	氮素农学效率/%	氮素表观平衡	氮素表观利用率/%	氮收获指数/%
CK	100.00±6.8a	0a	-3.67±0.4a	0a	52.88±6.2a
T₁	67.05±6.2b	476.89±58.3b	6.68±0.5b	14.82±1.9b	51.19±6.8a
T₂	61.70±6.8b	629.24±73.2c	7.71±0.6b	16.66±2.3b	45.44±6.2b
T₃	75.35±8.4b	716.18±78.9c	3.780.5a	13.84±1.9b	49.58±7.1a
T₄	64.91±7.8b	1072.58±126.4d	4.50±0.5bc	19.51±3.4c	44.02±5.7b