Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.17 Published:15 June 2023

  Growth of Black Poplar Varieties in Cuttage Afforestation Without Roots and Afforestation With Roots in Jianghan Plain: Comparison Analysis ZHANG Yadong, LONG Kailian, HUANG Guowei, FAN Xiaoping, ZHANG Xinye 2023, 39 (17):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0466 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 57 ) In order to analyze the growth of different poplar varieties in cuttage afforestation without roots and afforestation with roots in the Jianghan Plain, 4 black poplar varieties were used as test materials to compare the root development characteristics of annual seedlings and the growth amount of the following five years. The results showed that the average rooting interval length, average total root number and total root weight of the 4 varieties in cuttage afforestation without roots were significantly greater than those of the corresponding varieties in afforestation with roots, and the difference of the average length of single root of the two afforestation methods was not significant. The total root weight and rooting interval length of annual seedlings were highly correlated with the growth amount of diameter breast height (DBH) and plant height of annual seedlings, and the growth of annual seedlings in cuttage afforestation without roots was significantly better than that in afforestation with roots. The comparison of the 4 varieties with two afforestation methods during five consecutive years showed that, among different varieties, there were highly significant differences of the total growth amount and the annual net growth amount of DBH and plant height, and the total growth amount of DBH and plant height of the 4 varieties during the five consecutive years in cuttage afforestation without roots were greater than those of the corresponding varieties in forestation with roots. Between the two afforestation methods, there were also significant or highly significant differences in the total growth amount and the annual net growth amount of DBH and plant height for the 5 consecutive years. In the first three years of afforestation, the net growth amount of DBH and plant height of each variety in cuttage afforestation without roots were greater than those in afforestation with roots, but with the increasing age of stand, the difference of growth amount between the two afforestation methods showed a decreasing trend year by year.

  Effects of Different N Fertilizer Forms and Doses on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency WU Hongsheng, MA Wenzhou, DING Jun, CHENG Cheng, SHI Taoran, ZHOU Guohua, DIAO Qinlan, WANG Xiaoyun, CAI Yuntong, YIN Wen, ZHANG Jinfu, XU Jinyi 2023, 39 (17):  9-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0688 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 68 ) To control and manage soil acidification and deterioration in the middle-low yield farmland in Xuyi, the experiments of nitrogen use efficiency of different N fertilizer and improvement of arable land quality were conducted in farmer Zhang Jinwen’s field in Chenying Village, Gusang Town, Xuyi County. The former grown crop was winter wheat while the tested crop in this experiment was summer maize. The experiment was designed as follows: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2)525 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm2 of urea; (3) 675 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm2 of urea; (4) 525 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer; (5) 675 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer, totally 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The random block plots were arrayed and ditches were dug around the plots. The results showed that the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for different forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizer was high, about 43%-56%. The NUE of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer stimulated the growth of maize plant and increased the biomass of maize. The N dependent rate in soil was decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer use. The N dependent rate in soil for organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer at the same amounts of N fertilizer. The more amounts of N fertilizer, the higher the apparent N agronomic efficiency, which could promote maize growth and biomass, especially increase maize straw yield. The highest apparent N agronomic efficiency was for organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, but it could not increase maize grain yield. From view of apparent N balance, the amount of compound fertilizer was much bigger than nitrogen taken up by maize while relative smaller for organic fertilizer. From the view of apparent N use efficiency, it was increased with the increasing of N amount. However, the NUE of compound fertilizer was far lower than that of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The elevated NUE and soil organic matter were obtained by chemical N fertilizer blending with organic fertilizer. It was concluded and suggested that the use of organic-inorganic fertilizer was better to improve the NUE during the fertilization in middle-low yield degraded arable land.

  Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risk Assessment of Greenhouse Vegetable Soil Under Different Planting Patterns YANG Hefa, HAN Hui, YAN Yong, WANG Lin, LI Ji 2023, 39 (17):  17-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0440 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 35 ) The study aims to explore the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetable soil under different planting patterns. ICP-MS and dual-channel atomic fluorescence spectrometer were used to measure heavy metal content in soil by a long-term greenhouse experiment set up in 2002, and the variation characteristics of heavy metal content with planting years were analyzed. The accumulation of soil heavy metals and potential ecological risks were assessed based on single factor pollution index method and Nemerow integrated factor pollution index method, and the correlation between soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation was analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Ni under three planting patterns accumulated in varying degrees, and increased with the extension of planting years, and heavy metals’ content did not exceed the risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land except Cd. (2) The analysis of single factor pollution index (Pi) showed that Cd belonged to slight pollution level, while other elements belonged to clean level under the three planting patterns, in addition, Nemerow integrated factor pollution index (P) analysis showed that all elements belonged to slight pollution level under the three patterns. (3) The potential ecological risk coefficient (Ei) value of each element was Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn; among them, Cd content implied very strong ecological risk in organic pattern (ORG), and strong ecological risk in low-input pattern (LOW) and conventional pattern (CON), while other elements were at the slight level. The potential ecological risk indexes (RI) of the three patterns were at medium ecological pollution level, with the value of ORG > LOW > CON, indicating higher risk of heavy metal pollution in ORG. (4) Soil organic matter was significantly negatively correlated with pH (P<0.01) and positively correlated with Zn, Cu and Cd (P<0.05), and pH was negatively correlated with Zn, Cu and Cd (P<0.05), while a significantly positive correlation was found between Zn and Cu, Pb and Ni, and Cu and Cd (P<0.05). Application of organic fertilizer might be one of the main factors leading to soil heavy metal pollution. Therefore, the authors suggested that in organic production, the content of heavy metals in organic fertilizer raw materials should be strictly specified, and the application amount of organic fertilizer should also be properly controlled.

  Effects of Borreria latifolia on Microbial Community Structure Characteristics in Hilly Orchards in South China ZHANG Taijie, ZHANG Chun, GUO Wenlei, TIAN Xingshan 2023, 39 (17):  26-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0480 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2383KB )   ( 40 ) To explore the ecological effects of planting Borreria latifolia on soil nutrients and microbes in hilly orchards of south China, the effects of sod culture with Borreria latifolia in a hilly litchi orchard on soil basic physicochemical indexes and soil microbial communities were compared with those of sod culture with natural grass and clear tillage. The results showed that compared with natural grass and clear tillage, sod culture with Borreria latifolia significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen. Sod culture with Borreria latifolia and natural grass significantly increased the soil bacterial Shannon and Simpson diversity indices relative to the clear tillage, but had no significant effect on the α-diversity of fungi. The bacterial Chao1 and PD_whole_tree indices were positively correlated with soil available potassium, and the fungal Shannon index was positively correlated with soil organic matter. A total of 44 bacterial phyla were detected in soil of the litchi orchard, among which Acidobacteria (23.63%-34.87%), Proteobacteria (20.62%-28.57%) and Chloroflexi (9.64%-23.85%) were the dominant bacterial phyla. A total of 13 fungal phyla were detected, among which Ascomycota (55.97%-69.67%), Basidiomycota (7.28%-10.94%) and Glomeromycota (1.15%-3.41%) were the dominant fungal phyla. For fungi at the level of genus, the relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces in the soil treated with Borreria latifolia accounted for 20.91%, which was dramatically greater than those in the soil of sod culture with natural grass and clear tillage. The redundancy analysis of the relative abundance of dominant microbial groups and soil physicochemical properties showed that soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium had greater impacts on bacterial and fungal community structure. To sum up, sod culture with Borreria latifolia in hilly orchards of south China could increase soil nutrient levels, and improve soil bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity.

  Evaluation on Suitability for Tea Planting in Qinling-Daba Mountains Based on GIS ZHANG Haoyuan, YANG Fenli, YANG Lian’an, ZHANG Jiaming 2023, 39 (17):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0517 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1684KB )   ( 95 ) As a characteristic agricultural industry of Qinling-Daba Mountains, tea planting is the pillar industry for local rural revitalization. A comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of tea planting in the Qinling-Daba Mountains is an important basis for promoting the planning and layout of the tea industry in the area. In this study, by combining tea tree growth factors and eight indicators from three major influencing factors of climate, soil and topography, and applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish an evaluation system of each indicator, we conducted spatial analysis of each factor in the Qinling-Daba Mountains through GIS technology, and finally came up with the most suitable area, suitable area, sub-suitable area and unsuitable area for tea planting, thus realizing the overall evaluation of tea tree planting. The results showed that the area of the most suitable tea planting area accounted for about 4.78% of the total evaluated areas, mainly distributed in Xuanhan County, Wanyuan City, Tongjiang County, Nanjiang County, Chenggu County, Xixiang County, Yunyang County, and Lizhou District. The suitable tea planting area accounted for about 13.05% of the total, mainly distributed in Fengjie County, Danjiangkou City, Qingchuan County, and Wangcang County, which were concentrated in the south of the Qinling Mountains. The spatial distribution of suitable areas for tea planting in the Qinling-Daba Mountains is more obvious, so we should avoid blind expansion to enhance the development of tea industry in Qinling-Daba Mountains by rational planning.

  Variation Characteristics of Light Suitability of Maize in the Upper Reaches of Weihe River Basin from 1971 to 2020 YAO Xiaoying, ZHANG Bei, YAO Yubi, WANG Zhenguo, LIU Hengjun 2023, 39 (17):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0382 Abstract + ( 138 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 44 ) Based on the ten-day light data of meteorological stations from 1971 to 2020 and average phenological data of maize from 1991 to 2020 in the typical areas of the upper reaches of Weihe River basin in Gansu, the model of light suitability for maize was established. The light suitability of the whole growth period and main growth stages of maize from 1971 to 2020 was analyzed and compared with the change from 1991 to 2020 under the background of climate warming. The results showed that the light suitability during the whole growth period of maize showed a downward trend from 1971 to 2020, and the downward trend was significant from 2008 to 2020. The light suitability was the worst from jointing stage to tasseling stage and decreased significantly from 1991 to 2020, while it was the best and basically unchanged with years from tasseling stage to milky ripeness stage. The correlation between maize climatic yield and the light suitability from jointing stage to tasseling stage and during the whole growth period from 1991 to 2020 was significantly higher than that from 1971 to 2008, indicating that the effect of insufficient light in critical stages on maize yield significantly increased under the background of climate warming. According to the outputs of FGOALS-f3-H for the HighResMIP simulations in CMIP6, the average solar radiation in the upper reaches of Weihe River basin from 2021 to 2040 will be lower than that from 2011 to 2020, and the restricting effect of light factors on maize growth will be more obvious. Maize planting areas should draw advantages and avoid disadvantages, and take effective measures to reduce the adverse effects caused by insufficient light, such as selecting excellent varieties, rationally distributing planting density, and appropriately reducing leaf area coefficient.

  The Meteorological Service Indexes of Farmers’ Self-stored Grain Temperature in Heilongjiang Province CHU Chunyan, SUN Hongwei, SUN Guiyu, YU Shengnan, LI Guangyu, JIANG Lixia 2023, 39 (17):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0473 Abstract + ( 154 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 44 ) Among meteorological conditions, temperature is the main cause of mildew of farmers’ self-stored grain in Heilongjiang Province. To study the impact of temperature on self-stored grain of farmers, through real-time monitoring of the temperature in the corn and rice grain piles, and comparing the obtained temperature with that observed in the weather station, we analyzed the amplitude of the temperature of 48 h from 2011 to 2020, and drew the following conclusions. The temperature variation of the weather station was different from that of stored rice grain, the temperature amplitude of the weather station was large, while that of grain temperature was small, slowly descending in a diagonal line; the correlation between the two was not large, R was 0.821; the grain temperature variation lagged behind that of the weather station for about 14 days, and the grain temperature increased with the increase of the air temperature; according to the regression equation, when the grain temperature reached 15℃, the weather station temperature reached 30℃. The variation of the weather station temperature was consistent with that of the corn grain, the difference was small and the correlation was large, R was 0.957; the grain temperature variation lagged behind that of the weather station for about 2 h; when the grain temperature reached 15℃, according to the regression equation, the weather station temperature was 16℃. In summary, the meteorological service indexes of the temperature of farmers’ self-stored grain are: the temperature is greater than 0℃, and the anti-condensation index is the maximum (minimum) temperature rising (decreasing) for 8℃ in 48 h. The meteorological service indexes of the temperature for farmers’ self-stored grain are of great significance to accurate meteorological service for farmers’ grain storage and ensuring food security.

  Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Climatic Potential Productivity and Response Characteristics of Grain Yield in Yunnan Province from 1978 to 2019 LI Taohui, ZHANG Wenxiang, LV Aifeng, LIU Yonghao 2023, 39 (17):  55-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0441 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2562KB )   ( 229 ) Yunnan Province is a typical area of rain-fed agriculture in China. In the context of global warming, it is of great significance to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of climate potential productivity and the response of grain yield in Yunnan Province, which is important to the agricultural development in rain-fed agriculture regions. Based on the Miami and Thornthwaite Memorial model, this paper used the meteorological data from 1978 to 2019 to study the temporal and spatial evolution of climatic potential productivity and the response of grain yield in Yunnan Province by using climate tendency rate, M-K test and inverse distance weight interpolation. The results showed that in the time series, the average temperature of Yunnan Province from 1978 to 2019 was 16.3°C, which showed a significant upward trend; the multi-year average of precipitation in Yunnan Province from 1978 to 2019 was 1098.1 mm, which showed a insignificant downtrend. The annual mean value of yt, yr and ye was 1953, 1550 and 1477 kg/(hm2·a), respectively, of which yt and ye showed fluctuating upward trend, and yr showed a fluctuating downward trend. In terms of spatial distribution, the distribution trend of temperature and precipitation were similar to those of yt and yr, both showing a decreasing trend from southwest Yunnan to northwest Yunnan, and the spatial distribution of ye was more similar to that of yt than yr, with the spatial range of 843-1861, 1065-2470 and 980-2287 kg/(hm2·a), respectively. The overall utilization rate of climate resources showed a significant upward trend, increasing from 16.94% in 1978—1987 to 31.71% in 2018—2019, with an average growth rate of 3.66% of per decade. In the context of global climate changes, Yunnan Province showed a warm and dry trend with a significant increase in climate resource utilization, where precipitation was the main factor limiting climate potential productivity.

  Relationship between Chemical Components and Climatic Factors of Flue-cured Tobacco in Hubei and Analysis of Differences in Tobacco Areas LIU Jun, REN Yongjian, CHEN Zhenghong, LIU Yang, ZHANG Yunzheng, DENG Pingrang 2023, 39 (17):  64-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0061 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1533KB )   ( 48 ) To clarify the relationship between main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco in Hubei tobacco-growing areas and climatic factors in field period, and differences of tobacco areas, the mathematical statistics were used to analyze the chemical composition, field growth period and meteorological data. The results showed that the precipitation during maturing stage was the leading climatic factor affected nicotine, total sugar, nitrogen-alkali ratio and sugar-alkali ratio. The main climatic factors that affected reducing sugar, total nitrogen and potassium were relative humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration during fast growing stage, respectively. Sunshine duration, diurnal temperature range and average temperature during maturing stage were the main influencing factors for Chlorine, ratio of two sugars and potassium-chlorine ratio, respectively. There were differences in the climate during the field growth period in Hubei tobacco-growing areas, the climate type could be divided into two categories by clustering analysis based on SOM neural network, and the tobacco-growing areas of two climates were consistent with the division of “Jinshennong” and “Qingjiangyuan” tobacco-growing areas according to planting regions. The main climatic factors that affected the differences in potassium, reducing sugar, chlorine and potassium-chlorine ratio in the two types of tobacco areas were sunshine duration during fast growing stage, relative humidity during fast growing stage, sunshine duration during maturing stage and average temperature during maturing stage, respectively.

  Variation Characteristics and Causes Analysis of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Congjiang County of Guizhou Province from 1971 to 2020 WEN Jianchuan, LIANG Ping, LIAO Yuling, WU Hui, Dong Wentao 2023, 39 (17):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0508 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1606KB )   ( 290 ) The authors deeply analyzed the evolution trend of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and influencing factors in Congjiang County, aiming to provide a basis for the management of farmland water resources. The daily ET0 in Congjiang County from 1971 to 2020 were analyzed by Penman-Monteith model, and then the periodic variation characteristics and the influence of climate factors on the ET0 were discussed by wavelet analysis and path analysis. The results showed that: from 1971 to 2020, the average annual ET0 of Congjiang County was 997.9 mm, which decreased significantly with a change rate of 10.11 mm/10 a, and the ET0 also showed a significantly decreasing trend in summer. The annual average ET0 showed an increasing-decreasing periodic variation alternating with a major cycle of 28 years, in which, the ET0 was high during 1983 to 1991 and 2003 to 2010, and the interdecadal change of ET0 in spring and summer also showed increasing-decreasing trends; sunshine hour was the main factor affecting the overall decline of ET0 in Congjiang County.

  Advances in Insect Single-Cell Transcriptomics LI Yuanyuan, DELIGEER, LIU Jing, SHI Kai 2023, 39 (17):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0105 Abstract + ( 159 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 36 ) To analyze the gene regulatory mechanisms behind insect phenotypes, single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology overcomes the shortcomings of traditional techniques and fully reflects cellular heterogeneity, and realizes the identification of cell types, the derivation of cell differentiation trajectories, and the analysis of intercellular interactions. This paper summarized the application of single-cell transcriptomes in entomological studies, with a view to providing references for insect phenotype-cell-gene studies in function and molecular mechanisms.

  Research on Green Prevention and Control Technology of Tobacco Root-Knot Nematode Disease YAN Ding, CAI Xianjie, LI Dewen, WEI Qili, XIA Wenkai, XIAO Jiafan, GUI Longfeng, LUO Qipeng, ZHANG Wanwei, ZHANG Zhihong, LI Siying 2023, 39 (17):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0511 Abstract + ( 170 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 33 ) To explore the control effect of different treatments on tobacco root-knot nematodes, six different experimental materials were used to control root-knot nematodes in ‘Yunyan 87’. The effects of different treatments on root-knot nematodes control and tobacco quality were assessed based on the evaluation of tobacco growth period, agronomic traits before harvest and curing, disease index, control effect, economic traits and sensory quality. Different treatments had certain effects on root-knot nematode control. Treatment 5 and 7 had low disease index and best control effect. The combination of GenJuDi 6-2 + organic fertilizer GenJuDi 9 combined with JinDongWang was the best according to the evaluation data of agronomic traits, disease index, control effect, economic traits and sensory quality. It has a good performance in the prevention and control of tobacco root-knot nematodes, and can be popularized.

  PEST Analysis of Resource Utilization of Livestock Manure in China LI Qiang, LIU Mengxue, LI Yunliang, AN Yifang, ZHANG Haotian, WANG Peng, ZHANG Yulong, LI Yongtao, ZHANG Zhen 2023, 39 (17):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0500 Abstract + ( 166 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1152KB )   ( 41 ) By analyzing the external macro-environment of livestock manure resource utilization in China, the study aims to provide reference for ensuring the sustainable development of China’s animal husbandry. PEST analysis model was used to explore the resource utilization of livestock manure from four aspects including politics, economy, society and technology. The results show that in terms of political environment, relevant policies and standards have been further improved; in terms of economic environment, livestock manure has enormous economic potential as biomass, and the market-oriented operation mechanism has been explored; in terms of social environment, the livestock manure resource utilization is an inevitable choice for developing green and sustainable animal husbandry; in terms of technology environment, the resource utilization technology model and technology system have been constantly progressed. Currently, the resource utilization of livestock manure in China has already formed a good foundation for action. However, there are still many problems and challenges. To further promote the sustainable development of the resource utilization of livestock manure in China, we put forward some development countermeasures and suggestions.

  Effects of Different Storage Methods on the Content of Numb-taste Components in Linxia Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim MA Yijie, DU Chongwu, GUAN Qiyang, HE Enming, HUANG Ruilin 2023, 39 (17):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0458 Abstract + ( 167 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 47 ) The project studied the preservation mode of Linxia Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim with the least loss of numb-taste components under different conditions. The native Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim in Linxia of Gansu Province was used as the experimental material. The main components and the change of the concentration of numb-taste substance of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at different storage temperatures, of different particle sizes, with different storage materials and under different storage methods were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the main components were: hydroxy-α-sanshool of 38.19 mg/g and hydroxy-β-sanshool of 2.45 mg/g, and schinifoline was not detected. The numb-taste components of Linxia Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim were mainly the sum of the above two substances. The results also showed that whole prickly ash was easier to be preserved than broken prickly ash. Temperature was negatively correlated with numb-taste substance content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Under the same temperature, the preservation effect on Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim numb-taste components was as follows: vacuum aluminum foil bag >non-vacuum foil bag >vacuum glass bottle >non-vacuum plastic bottle >non-vacuum conventional plastic bag.

  Elimination of False Positive of Agricultural Residues in Sulfur-Containing Vegetables by Enzyme Inhibition Method WANG Wen, WANG Lifang, ZHANG Yu, CAO Lifen, GUO Baikun, WANG Bin 2023, 39 (17):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0097 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 25 ) Taking garlic as the research object, this paper established a false positive elimination technique for detecting pesticide residues in sulfur-containing vegetables by enzyme inhibition method. Combing the production principle of allicin and its effect on enzyme inhibition reaction, the pretreatment effects of microwave treatment, water bath treatment, phosphoric acid treatment and cysteine treatment and their effects on the recovery rate of pesticide were compared. The results showed that garlic samples treated with 15% phosphoric acid for 5 min had the best alliinase inactivation effect, which could effectively eliminate the false positive results caused by allicin inhibitory enzyme activity, and the average recovery rate of pesticide could reach 81.75%. Other three treatments had the problems of low recovery rate or could not be widely applied. The optimized phosphoric acid treatment was used for the determination of six representative sulfur-containing vegetables, which could achieve the desired effect and had no effect on the subsequent enzyme inhibition reaction. This method can be applied in the rapid detection of pesticide residues in sulfur-containing vegetables by enzyme inhibition method.

  Metabolic and Transcriptional Regulation of Dietary Vitamin K3 on Growth and Health of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) HUA Xueming, KANG Peng, WEI Xiang, CHEN Chen, PAN Yunchao, WANG Qianqian 2023, 39 (17):  113-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0530 Abstract + ( 105 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 34 ) In order to explore the possible mechanism of dietary vitamin K3 in largemouth bass, varying amounts of vitamin K3 were added to the basic diet to prepare experimental diets with vitamin K3 contents of 0.78 (K30 group) and 15.84 mg/kg (K315 group). Metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to analyze the livers of largemouth bass with initial average body weight of (12.96±0.07) g and fed with K30 group and K315 group diets for 8 weeks, resulting in significant growth performance and health status. The results showed that 712 differential metabolites were identified. Taking K30 group as the control, there were 326 up-regulated and 386 down-regulated differential metabolites in K315 group. Annotating the differential metabolites into KEGG database, 13 differential metabolites were found in K315 group compared to K30 group, including 7 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated ones. There were 23 functional pathways involved. Integrated pathways indicated that vitamin K3 could regulate sphingolipid metabolism through L-serine and regulate carbohydrate metabolism through D-glucosaminide. There were 86 differentially expressed genes in the GO database of the two groups, 26 of them participated secondary functions. There were 29 differential genes between the two groups in KEGG database, involved in 46 metabolic pathways. From the perspective of liver metabolites and metabolic pathways, adequate intake of vitamin K3 could improve the antioxidant, immune, body recovery and other abilities, thus promoting growth and maintaining health. The analysis of related differential gene mRNA indicated that vitamin K3 could promote the bone development and immune ability of largemouth bass. It is worth mentioning that no differential genes or metabolites relating coagulation were found in this study. By comprehensive analysis, no correlation was found between specific metabolomics and transcriptomics with an integrated analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the mechanism of vitamin K.

  Nutrienal Composition Analysis and Evaluation of Sinibotia pulchra SHI Jinrong, LIU Dian, WANG Yongming, HAN Yu, XIE Biwen 2023, 39 (17):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0502 Abstract + ( 152 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1295KB )   ( 28 ) The paper aims to study the nutritional components of Sinibotia pulchra and comprehensively evaluate the nutritional value. Biochemical analysis methods were used to determine the nutritional components, and the nutritional value was comprehensively evaluated. The contents of water, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in the muscle of S. pulchra were 77.05%±1.24%、16.53%±0.13%、1.10%±0.02% and 1.47%±0.04%. A total of 16 amino acids were detected, including 7 essential amino acids, 9 non-essential amino acids and 4 umami amino acids. According to the amino acid score and chemical score, the first limiting amino acid of the muscle was valine, the essential amino acid index was 70.57, and the F value was 2.15. A total of 23 fatty acids were detected, including 7 saturated fatty acids, 5 monounsaturated fatty acids, and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The contents of EPA and DHA in fatty acids were 2.31%±0.09% and 4.19±0.83%, respectively. A total of 10 mineral elements were detected, including 5 major elements and 5 trace elements. Among them, the potassium content was the highest, and the selenium content was the lowest and reached the selenium-enriched standard. S. pulchra is a high-quality protein food with rich and balanced nutrition and delicious taste. It is suggested that valine should be added to maintain its amino acid balance and promote the healthy growth of S. pulchra.

  Achievements, Problems and High-quality Development Countermeasures of Grain Production in the Yellow River Basin HUANG Guoqin 2023, 39 (17):  131-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1041 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 46 ) Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin have become a major national strategy. An upsurge of “learning, studying, protecting and developing the Yellow River Basin” has been set off all over the country. Yellow River Basin (including 9 provinces and autonomous regions) is an important region for China’s grain production, which is responsible for the major strategic task of maintaining regional and national grain security. Over the past 70 years since the founding of new China, grain production in the Yellow River Basin has made great achievements, which are reflected in the increase of output, quality, efficiency, conditions and scientific and technological progress. At present, grain production in the Yellow River Basin is facing many prominent problems, such as the reduction of cultivated land, the lack of water resources, the shortage of labor force and serious natural disasters. In view of the above problems, based on extensive literature review and in-depth field typical investigation, this paper studied the strategic position and development law of grain production in the Yellow River Basin. It is believed that if grain production in the Yellow River Basin achieve high-quality development in the new generation and new development stage, the following countermeasures and measures must be taken: (1) expanding the area and increasing multiple cropping; (2) improving the unit yield and optimizing the quality; (3) saving resources and improving the ecology; (4) consolidating the foundation and preventing disasters; (5) industrial integration, high quality and efficiency; (6) developing science and technology and cultivating talents.

  Scale Benefit Analysis of Plant Factory Based on Entropy TOPSIS Model CHEN Wenting, SUN Bo, LI Chunsheng, PENG Yun, LI Jing, WANG Jing 2023, 39 (17):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0531 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 74 ) The purpose of this study is to explore what kind of planting scale and investment ratio of plant factory can bring considerable benefits to investors, and provide quantitative reference for the promotion and development of plant factory industry. Based on the analysis of the actual project investment cost, operation and maintenance cost of the established plant factory, five indexes of a system for plant factory construction, including construction cost, operation and maintenance cost, light and energy utilization rate, yield per unit area and internal rate of return, were selected. Relevant construction scales of the plant factory at home and abroad were analyzed. The optimized scheme for plant factory construction of different planting scales was explored, the index expansion method was used to make cost-benefit estimates and corrections for plant factories of different planting scales under ideal conditions, and the entropy-TOPSIS model was adopted to further calculate the results and select the optimal planting scale. According to the normalized closeness calculated by the entropy-TOPSIS model on the estimated data, the planting area of 3000 m2 is the closest to the optimal solution. It further shows that the benefits of plant factory are not in accordance with the increase of the planting area, it is mainly related to the fixed asset investment ratio of the actual planting scheme and the operation and construction plan.

  Study on Technical Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of Cotton Production in Manas County of Xinjiang QI Huan, LI Jinmei 2023, 39 (17):  147-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0716 Abstract + ( 120 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 32 ) To understand the technical efficiency of cotton production in Manas County and its influencing factors, this study measured the technical efficiency of production by using DEA model on input-output data of 350 cotton farmers in Manas County, Xinjiang in 2020, and empirically analyzed the factors affecting the technical efficiency of cotton production in Manas County by using Tobit model. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of cotton production in Manas County in 2020 was 82.50%, and the maximum value of technical efficiency of cotton production in each township was 100% and the minimum value was 35.40%. The empirical results showed that cotton production technical efficiency was influenced by the amount of subsidies, mechanization level, whether to participate in technical training, profit per hectare of cotton, whether to join cooperatives, education level, planting scale and whether to work outside. It is concluded that the following aspects should be taken into consideration to improve the technical efficiency of cotton production in Manas County: (1) change the cotton production method to help improve the quality of cotton production; (2) increase the cotton target price subsidy and continue to deepen the reform of the target price subsidy policy; (3) conduct moderate scale operation to achieve the optimal allocation of production factors; (4) intensify the technical training and guidance for cotton farmers.

  Research on the Physical Geographical Characteristics and Income Growth of Farmers and Herdsmen in the Sanjiangyuan Ecological Function Zone WANG Senxiong, LI Haihong, SHANG Wenli 2023, 39 (17):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0491 Abstract + ( 145 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2377KB )   ( 58 ) Based on the rural residents' income data of 21 County-level administrative region in the Sanjiangyuan ecological function zone (SEFZ) from 2012 to 2019，this paper studied the impact of the natural geographical characteristics of the region on the income of farmers and herdsmen through the establishment of topographic-air quality degree, and the comprehensive use of exploratory spatial analysis and spatial econometric model. The results showed that: (1) the per capita disposable income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 4567.92 to 10417.56 yuan in the SEFZ, showing a spatial distribution characteristic of ‘high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south’, with spatial aggregation in some areas. (2) Geographical environment had an overall effect on the income of farmers and herdsmen through influencing their production and life, regional economic development, urban and rural resource allocation and government economic policies. (3) The Spatial Durbin Model showed that the income growth of farmers and herdsmen in a certain region would drive the adjacent region. The worse the topographic-air quality degree, the lower the income level of farmers and herdsmen in different regions. GDP growth was beneficial to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in neighboring regions, while the improvement of industrial structure was beneficial to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in this region. The modernization of agriculture and animal husbandry had little effect on the income growth of farmers and herdsmen. The increase of government expenditure could also promote the income growth of farmers and herdsmen in different regions.