Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.16 Published:05 June 2023

  Effects of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Quality of Highland Barley ‘Yundamai 12’ WANG Zhilong, WANG Zhiwei, QIAO Xiangmei, CHENG Geng, CHENG Jiasheng, YU Yaxiong 2023, 39 (16):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0518 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1394KB )   ( 74 ) In order to explore the effects of different planting densities, nitrogen application rates and their interactions on the quality of highland barley, ‘Yundamai 12’, a new high-yield record variety of winter highland barley in China, was used as the material to study the effects of planting density, nitrogen application rate and their interaction on the quality of nutritional and functional components, such as protein, γ-aminobutyric acid, β-glucan, total starch, amylose, total flavonoids, alkaloids and fatty acids by split plot experiment. The results showed that the content of γ-aminobutyric acids, β-glucan and fatty acids of ‘Yundamai 12’ were less affected by planting density and nitrogen application rate. Protein and amylose contents were mainly affected by nitrogen application rate. The content of total starch, total flavonoids and alkaloids were greatly affected by nitrogen application rate and planting density. In summary, the best combination of planting density and nitrogen application rate for ‘Yundamai 12’ as food, especially functional food, is D1N3.

  Effects of Organic-Inorganic Compound Liquid Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Cotton LI Pengbing, ZHOU Liuyan, DAI Jinping, WANG Zhifang, XIE Yuqing, ZHANG Huitao, WANG Xiaowu, TAN Jiang, NIU Kuanrang, YANG Xinping 2023, 39 (16):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0504 Abstract + ( 227 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 119 ) To evaluate the effects of organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer on cotton yield and quality, we studied the effects of organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on cotton yield and some fiber quality. We compared the cotton yield in the test plot (application of organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer) and the control plot (application of chemical fertilizer) and tested cotton quality. The results showed that: the lint yield of the test plot was lower than that of the control plot with no significant difference (P>0.05). In terms of quality, the cotton fiber length and lint in the test plot were higher than those of the control plot, and increased by 5.03% and 1.19%, respectively. The micronaire value of cotton in the test plot and the control plot had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The micronaire value and metric count of cotton were different under the application of the two fertilizers in different demonstration areas. In Xinhu County and Regiment 106, the micronaire value of cotton fiber under the application of compound fertilizer was lower than that under conventional fertilization, but it was the opposite in Wusu County. The micronaire value had a negative correlation with the metric count, and the effect of fertilizer on metric count was opposite to that on micronaire value. Compared with conventional fertilization, the organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer application had a slightly lower seed cotton yield, but it increased the lint content and had little impact on the lint yield. In addition, the organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer could appropriately increase the length of cotton fibers, improve the quality of cotton fibers, and meet the needs of cotton production.

  Effects of Substrate Ratio on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Carrot HE Lingfeng, CHEN Chen, DENG Yuanjie, LU Jie, WANG Guanglong, TAN Guofei, WANG Yahui, DUAN Aoqi, SHU Sheng, LIU Hui, XIONG Aisheng 2023, 39 (16):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0481 Abstract + ( 186 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1469KB )   ( 404 ) To investigate the effect of different ratios of two substrates with significant differences in bulk density on the root growth of carrot, the ‘Kuroda’ carrot was used as experimental material, the organic cultivation substrate and fine sand were mixed in the ratio of 3:1 (T1), 2:1 (T2), 1:1 (T3), 1:2 (T4) and 1:3 (T5) for carrot cultivation. Then, the main agronomic characters, carotenoid and soluble sugar contents of carrots were determined. The results indicated that each agronomic trait of carrot showed a certain correlation. The total fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, fibrous root fresh weight and fibrous root water content showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the proportion of fine sand in the substrate. The maximum values were 18.83 g, 6.79 g, 14.02 g, 6.68 g and 98.49%, respectively. The length of taproot tended to decrease and then increase, and the diameter of taproot tended to increase, with maximum values of 15.32 cm and 13.47 mm, respectively. The variation of root shoot ratio was relatively small, with a maximum value of 3.23. Carrot grown in the T3 treatment performed better overall for the main agronomic traits. The contents of carotenoids and soluble sugars in carrot fleshy root in different substrates were significantly different，increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the proportion of fine sand. The carotenoid content and soluble sugar contents peaked at 39.74 μg/g and 27.92 mg/g in the T2 and T3 treatment groups, respectively, which were significantly higher than other treatment groups. The experiment proved that different substrate ratios had significant effects on the growth and nutrient accumulation of carrots.

  Effects of Vegetable Straw Fermentation and Recycling Seedling Substrate on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings TIAN Subo, GUO Yanchun, SONG Yuxiao, LI Chuanxing, WANG Kunting, LI Yingjie, GUO Jiajin, LIN Guiyu, DING Junyang, ZHANG Jingmin, HU Yongjun, XIA Haibo 2023, 39 (16):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0507 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 89 ) To study the physicochemical properties of vegetable straw compost after fermentation and the effect of the compost combined with vermiculite on the growth of tomato seedlings, different proportions of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, actinomycetes, yeasts and molds were added to crushing straw for mixing and fermentation. The physicochemical properties were determined during and after the fermentation, the best treatment compost was selected and mixed with different proportions of vermiculite to form a matrix, and the tomato growth indexes and root antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that after the fermentation by 35% of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, 35% of actinomycetes, 15% of yeast, and 15% of mold adding treatment (T4) with the temperature above 50℃ for more than 10 days, the physicochemical properties of the compost were the best. C/N decreased by 59.31% compared with the initial state, and the bulk density increased by 71.43% compared with CK. The pH value changed from acid to neutral, which was suitable for seedling growth. Combining T4 treatment compost with different proportions of vermiculite to cultivate tomato seedlings, the tomato seedlings grew vigorously, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots were significantly improved. Therefore, vegetable straw can replace peat to form a matrix with vermiculite.

  Effects of Different Substrate Formulations on Yield and Quality of Cucumis melo var. makuwa CHENG Ziyue, LIANG Mingzhu 2023, 39 (16):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0465 Abstract + ( 183 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 195 ) Using the variety of ‘Xingtian 24’ as the experimental material, 16 substrate formulations were used for simple substrate cultivation in early spring shed to explore its effect on the quality and yield of Cucumis melo var. makuwa. The results showed that there were significant differences in the quality and yield of C. melo var. makuwa cultivated with 16 different substrate formulations. A low level of chicken manure could effectively increase the content of soluble sugar in C. melo var. makuwa fruit, while cow manure could significantly promote the increase of refraction sugar and Vc content and the decrease of total acid content in melon fruit. The proportion of organic fertilizer was the most important factor affecting the quality index of C. melo var. makuwa. In summery, the cultivation substrate was mixed with cow dung, furnace ash and clay according to the ratio of 8:4:1 (volume ratio), which could effectively improve the fruit quality and increase the yield of ‘Xingtian 24’.

  Effects of Foliar Spraying of Selenium Fertilizer on Selenium Content and Fruit Quality of ‘Shine-Muscat’ Grape GAO Zhan, LIU Xicun, ZHANG Yuhong, HUANG Jinhua, ZHU Hongcai, ZHAO Yang, LIU Zhenyu, HU Ning, LI Dong, JIN Yuman 2023, 39 (16):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0478 Abstract + ( 259 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 107 ) In this experiment, the effects of foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer on the selenium content in leaves, branches and fruits of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape, as well as fruit quality were discussed, to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of selenium-enriched ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape. ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape was used as the experimental material, and the amino acid selenium rich fertilizer was selected as selenium source and applied at six concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L). During the fruit enlargement period, which was 15 days after the flower dropping, the fertilizer was sprayed, and the second time spraying was conducted after another 15 days. The results showed that the content of selenium in leaves, branches and fruits of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grapes increased with the increase of selenium application concentration. In the fruits, the content of soluble solids, protein, vitamin C and total soluble sugar increased, while the titratable acid content decreased. According to principal component analysis, the ranking of comprehensive evaluation scores of the application concentrations from high to low was 50 mg/L>40 mg/L>30 mg/L>20 mg/L>10 mg/L>0 mg/L, respectively. Taken together, the selenium content and fruit quality of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape are the best by spraying 50 mg/L selenium-enriched amino acid fertilizer twice on the leaves during fruit enlargement period under rain-shelter cultivation.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Daylily YUE Xinli, ZHAN Runsheng, NIU Yayu, WANG Hui, XING Baolong, MA Tao 2023, 39 (16):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0477 Abstract + ( 201 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 124 ) To reveal the physiological mechanism of NaCl stress on daylily, effects of 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mmol/L of NaCl stress on seed germination, seedling growth height, plasma membrane permeability and other physiological indicators of daylily were studied in this paper. The results showed that when the concentration of NaCl stress was increased, the germination rate, germination index and germination potential of daylily seeds decreased correspondingly, the salt damage index gradually increased, and the growth height of daylily seedlings also decreased. When the concentration of NaCl was 120 mmol/L, the inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth height of daylily was weak. The plasma membrane permeability and MDA content of different treatments increased with the increase of NaCl concentration, and kept increasing in 20 d. The contents of proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar in daylily leaves of different treatments increased first and then decreased. NaCl stress has obvious effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of daylily.

  Effects of Nitrogen Supply Levels on Growth, Nutrient Distribution and Quality of Dendrobium nobile LIU Hailin, LI Jie, WU Shasha, YE Guangying, SUN Shili, WANG Zaihua 2023, 39 (16):  41-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0493 Abstract + ( 168 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1678KB )   ( 78 ) To explore the effects of different nitrogen supply levels on Dendrobium nobile growth, nutrient distribution and quality under greenhouse facility cultivation, so as to provide theoretical reference for its precise facility cultivation and quality control. Three-year-old plants of D. nobile were used as test materials. By measuring morphological indexes, flowering traits, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content changes and dendrobine content in different periods and different parts of the plants, we investigated the effects on D. nobile growth and quality and the transfer and distribution of nutrient elements (N, P and K) in vivo under the different nitrogen supply levels (water control CK, 1/2N, 1N and 2N). The results showed that the growth trend of plants and the content changes of N, P and K under different nitrogen supply levels were basically the same. The dry matter weight of aboveground part increased gradually, and the effect of nitrogen application treatment was significantly better than that of the control, but the difference among different nitrogen supply treatments was not significant. There was a tendency of N to transfer from old stems to new stems in different periods. The P content in different parts of D. nobile increased first and then decreased. The K content of 1-year-old leaves was relatively high (35.91 g/kg), while that of 2- and 3-year-old stems was significantly lower than that of other parts. The ratio of nitrogen element in the aboveground part to that in the underground part increased significantly from April to June, and then gradually decreased, which was consistent with of nitrogen demand in the vegetative growth period. Although the phosphorus element ratio showed a significant downward trend, different nitrogen supply levels had no significant effect on the phosphorus element ratio. The potassium ratio was higher under low nitrogen supply levels. In terms of flowering quality, 1/2N and 1N treatments were better than other treatments. Nitrogen application helped to increase the content of dendrobine in plants, and the content of dendrobine in stems was significantly higher than that in leaves and roots. The content of dendrobine in non-annual stems decreased with the increase of nitrogen supply level, but the opposite was observed in annual stems, leaves and roots. There was no significant difference in the content of dendrobine among stems of different years. Among different parts of the plant, the active annual leaves and stems had higher N, P and K contents, and the older stems had lower contents, indicating that nutrients were preferentially transferred to young tissues to meet the needs of growth. In the vegetative growth period, the demand for N, P and K was relatively high, and in the reproductive period, the demand gradually decreased, reaching the lowest in the flowering period of the next year. During the transition period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, appropriately increasing the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer could promote the expansion and maturation of pseudobulbs. In the reproductive growth period, to increase the application of potassium fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients, and the application of nitrogen was helpful to increase the content of dendrobine and improve the medicinal quality, while the low nitrogen treatment was beneficial to improve the flowering quality.

  Research Progress on Floral Scent Components of Orchidaceae MA Di, XIAO Wenfang, LI Zuo, ZHANG Junwei, CHEN Heming, LV Fubing 2023, 39 (16):  52-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0928 Abstract + ( 179 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1489KB )   ( 289 ) This paper mainly reviews the floral scent components of orchids and their synthetic regulation, focusing on an overview of the main floral scent components of common orchids, the main factors affecting the detection of floral scent components, and the related molecular regulation mechanism of floral scent biosynthesis pathway. The results showed that terpenes were the most important fragrance components of orchids, and the changes of fragrance components could be caused by sampling time, location, environment and detection technology. Terpenes synthase gene (TPS) and MYB transcription factors were the main regulatory genes in the metabolic pathway of fragrance substances. It is found that the lack of studies on the complete metabolic pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of related floral scent components in orchids is the main problem in the current research on floral scent traits of orchids. The exploration and utilization of orchid floral genes and improvement of related metabolic pathways will be the focus of future research on floral scent traits of Orchidaceae.

  Research Progress of Plant Tissue Culture Techniques of Oxalis JIANG Jie, LI Na, WANG Jianqiang, ZHANG Sisi, ZHANG Xiaoqin 2023, 39 (16):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0721 Abstract + ( 169 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 975 ) Oxalis has high ornamental and ecological value, and is widely used in landscape. It also has certain clinical medicinal value because of its various chemical components such as flavonoids, alkaloids and so on. This paper systematically summarized the research results of tissue culture technology of Oxalis in recent years. The selection of explants, disinfection and sterilization, selection of culture media, plant hormone ratio in different stages such as induction of callus and adventitious buds, proliferation and differentiation and rooting culture, the operation of seedling and transplanting were compared and summarized. The problems of explant pollution, browning and vitrification in the process of tissue culture were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward. This review provides a theoretical basis for solving the problem of rapid propagation of Oxalis.

  Analysis of Vegetation Cover Change and Driving Forces in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture LIU Zhaoxu, LIU Jing, ZHENG Guohong, LI Jiangang 2023, 39 (16):  68-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0914 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2021KB )   ( 931 ) As the typical representative of the desert area and the ecologically fragile region in northwest China located in the southwest edge of the Junggar Basin, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (abbreviated as Bozhou area) is the main gale wind channel and the important source of wind-blown sand. Based on 30 m spatial resolution Landsat data and land use matrix transfer method, this study analyzed the characteristics of the land use change, vegetation coverage and driving forces in Bozhou area during 2005 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) during 2005 to 2020, the main land types in Bozhou area were sandy land, grassland, bare land and cultivated land. The area of sandy land increased by 1447 km2 with the growth rate of 18%. The grassland area decreased the most, by 1638 km2. During 2000 to 2015, a large amount of sandy land area, woodland area and cultivated land area in Bozhou turned into grassland area, while construction land area increased slightly. (2) During 2005 to 2020, the proportion of lowest and lower vegetation coverage area in Bozhou was 60% and 10%, respectively. The variation of medium vegetation coverage area showed an increasing trend, while the higher and highest vegetation coverage area showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing slowly. The vegetation coverage showed a trend of decreasing first, then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of slope. (3) According to the results of driving forces analysis, land use change was the most important factor for vegetation cover change, followed by roads and GDP, then precipitation and temperature, and finally population density, water system and slope.

  Effect of Earthworms on Soil Moisture Changes and Physical Properties in Agricultural Fields Under No-tillage XIONG Lijun, MA Li, LIU Meize, LI Yinan 2023, 39 (16):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0429 Abstract + ( 175 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1418KB )   ( 244 ) The study aims to investigate the effects of earthworm activity on soil moisture content, soil aggregates and soil bulk density in agricultural fields under no-tillage condition, and to reveal the influencing mechanism of earthworm population size on soil moisture changes and physical properties. Under no-tillage condition, four inoculation levels of NT0 (control, 0 earthworm/m2), NT20 (2 earthworms/m2), NT50 (5 earthworms/m2) and NT100 (11 earthworms/m2) were set as experimental variables. The results showed that: (1) earthworm activity increased soil moisture content (0.32%-20.06%) at 0-100 cm soil depth, and soil moisture content was influenced by the number of earthworms inoculated; (2) earthworm activity increased the number and stability of soil macroaggregates, increased the percentage of soil agglomerates in the 0.25-0.5, 2-5 and >5 mm grain classes; (3) inoculation with sufficient numbers of earthworm reduced soil bulk density in the surface layer (0-10 cm), and inoculation with earthworm increased soil bulk density in the bottom layer of the plough (10-20 cm); (4) soil moisture content was significantly negatively correlated (P<0.01) with 2-5 mm grain-size aggregates and significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) with soil bulk density (10-20 cm). The results of the study could provide a scientific basis and technical support for finding suitable tillage methods and appropriate number of earthworm inoculation in the Guanzhong small mound area.

  Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress LIAO Jinmei, HUANG Wei, LI Ansheng, LIU Shaoqun, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng 2023, 39 (16):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0433 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 850 ) Tea tree is a kind of perennial cash crop which likes nitrogen, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve the economic benefit of tea industry. This study summarized the diagnosis and requirement of nitrogen nutrition in tea trees, and the effect of nitrogen on the growth of tea trees and soil environment in tea gardens. Moderate amount of nitrogen can improve the yield and quality of tea, and adjust the number of microorganisms and the diversity of community of tea garden soil. It can also improve the cold resistance of tea trees, and reduce the interference of mites and the symptoms of leaf injury. At present, 36% of China’s tea gardens have excessive fertilization, and the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 80% of the tea gardens do not meet the needs of tea on nutrients, resulting in low nutrient utilization rate and waste of fertilizer, and has caused negative impact on the environment. Therefore, how to accurately control the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve its utilization efficiency, reduce its loss in soil, and solve the relevant environmental problems are important measures to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and promote the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. In the future, we can strengthen the research on the direction of nitrogen loss and efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea garden soil, and further clarify the whereabouts and influencing factors of nitrogen leaching and volatilization, surface runoff and nitrogen emission in tea gardens, thus improving nutrient utilization efficiency and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution load.

  Effects of Meteorological Factors on Tobacco Growth Period and Bacterial Wilt in Mountainous Tobacco Areas ZHANG Mingfa, ZHANG Sheng, CHAO Jin, TIAN Maocheng, TIAN Yongmei, MA Lin, QIN Lang, LU Kuidong, PENG Yu, KONG Fanyu 2023, 39 (16):  88-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0426 Abstract + ( 160 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 46 ) The study aims to verify major meteorological factors which affect the growth and development process of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous region, properly arrange field growth period, and better forecast and prevent tobacco bacterial wilt. We conducted field experiments for two consecutive years by using three main tobacco varieties of ‘Yunyan87’, ‘K326’ and ‘HN2146’ with different transplanting dates, to analyze the change rule of tobacco growth period, and define the relationship between the temperature and sunshine and the bacterial wilt and growth period of flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows. (1) The growth period of tobacco was significantly shortened with the delay of transplanting date, mainly in the vegetative growth stage (root extension period) and reproductive growth stage (exuberant growth period) before budding. The temperature of early growth stage increased significantly with the delay of transplanting date, speeding up the development process. The accumulated sunshine hours decreased due to the shortened growth period. (2) The effect of temperature and sunshine on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco was mainly found before budding, and their primary function mainly took place during the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage. Temperature was the key meteorological factor affecting the growth period of tobacco in Xiangxi. (3) The average temperature and average sunshine hours were the main meteorological factors during tobacco growth period, and the average temperature was the key meteorological factor. (4) The key control period of bacterial wilt was 63 days before tobacco transplanting and before the average temperature reached 21.82℃; and the key prevention period was before the average temperature reached 18.77℃ and 42 days before tobacco transplanting. Therefore, temperature was important in forecasting and prevention of tobacco bacterial wilt.

  Distribution and Damage of CGMMV on Cucumber in Shouguang of Shandong Province REN Chunmei, LUO Guihuo, ZHU Yun, YANG Liu, MIAO Qian, LU Fang, CHENG Zhaobang 2023, 39 (16):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0471 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 29 ) The objective of this study is to clarify the distribution and damage of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucumber in Shouguang, and provide reference for the production of high-quality cucumber. In this study, cucumbers from different areas of Shouguang, and of different varieties, growing time and growth periods from 2017 to 2018 were systematically investigated, and the distribution and damage of CGMMV on cucumber were analyzed. The investigation showed that all the 10 towns surveyed were affected by CGMMV to varying degrees, among which Daotian Town had the highest CGMMV incidence, with an incidence rate of 49.64%. The damage on light cucumber was higher than that on spiny cucumber. The high incidence of the virus in the whole year was concentrated in May to August, with the highest incidence rate of 63.33% in June. The most seriously affected growth period was mature period. Apart from the difference in the resistance of varieties, factors such as temperature, humidity and management mode were conducive to the occurrence and prevalence of CGMMV. Therefore, reasonable cooling and strengthening management can reduce the damage of CGMMV.

  The Influence of Herbicides on Physiological Properties of Peanut JIANG Chunyan, HONG Pengxiang, ZHANG Shuangzhao, LI Chunwei, ZHOU Meiling, LI Jianbin, JIANG Wei 2023, 39 (16):  101-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0462 Abstract + ( 192 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 36 ) The effects of common herbicides on the physiological properties of peanut plants were studied to provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of herbicide and safe production. The effects of butachlor and glyphosate isopropylamine on the activities of acetolactate synthase (ALS), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in peanut were studied by the method of indoor bioassays combined with pot experiment. The results showed that the activities of the three enzymes and the MDA content in peanut increased first and then decreased in 20 days after being treated with different concentrations of two herbicides, which were consistent with the control. The low concentration treatment had little effect on ALS activity. In 10 days after being treated with concentration 4 and concentration 5 of the two herbicides, the activity of ALS was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). 15 days after treatment，the ALS activity of peanut under the butachlor treatment of the two concentrations was 444.52 U/L and 440.48 U/L, respectively, and that of glyphosate isopropylamine treatment was 449.38 U/L and 459.92 U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control (534.73 U/L). Butachlor treatment with concentration 5 had a great influence on the activity of CAT in peanut, which was 48.01 U/L 15 days after the treatment and significantly lower than that of control (51.24 U/L). The CAT activity in peanut treated by glyphosate isopropylamine with concentration 5 was significantly higher than that of the control within 20 days. After the peanut plants were treated with butachlor of concentrations 4 and 5, the POD activity was significantly lower than that of the control at first, and then gradually increased, which was significantly higher than that of the control on the 15th day and 20th day after the treatment. On the 15th day after glyphosate isopropylamine treatment, the POD activity of peanut increased to the maximum value, which was 255.57, 253.81, 245.02, 269.63 and 265.76 U/L, respectively, under the 5 concentrations, significantly higher than that of control (237.77 U/L). The MDA content of peanut after butachlor treatment was higher than that of control within 20 days, and the content was positively correlated with the concentration. MDA content showed a fluctuation rise after glyphosate isopropylamine treatment, reaching the maximum on the 10th day, then decreased to the control level or significantly lower than the control level. The results indicate that the two herbicides have certain effects on physiological properties of peanut plants, and their effects are positively correlated with the concentration. High concentration treatment has a stress effect on the growth of peanut.

  Effects of Light Quality Regulation on the Growth of Leguminous and Gramineous Forage: Research Progress LI Yitong, LI Yuchao, QI Zhaoben, LI Run, XIE Fei, LIU Quan 2023, 39 (16):  109-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0599 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 2224 ) This paper described the effects of light quality control on the growth and development, nutrient metabolism and photosynthesis regulation mechanism of main Leguminous and Gramineous forage (Medicago, Trifolium, Lolium, Festuca, Avena, Miscanthus and Zea), and pointed out that light quality was closely related to important indicators such as organ development, metabolite accumulation and photosynthetic physiological parameters of forage. Then, according to the application frontier of light supplementation technology on horticultural crops, fruits and vegetables, the development and focus of light regulation technology on forage were discussed. It is suggested that the light source selection and the agronomic traits of forage should be precisely linked, and the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors should be fully exploited in combination with information science technology to maximize the use of light.

  Research Progress in Diagnostic Techniques of Mycoplasma bovis WANG Mengzhu, PU Feiyang, ZHAO Zeyang, FENG Xili, WANG Huihui, LI Yicong, LI Zhuo, ZHAO Yongqing 2023, 39 (16):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0450 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 649 ) Mycoplasma, as an important pathogen causing cattle infection, has been spread worldwide and can cause a series of serious diseases in cattle. Mycoplasma is highly contagious and difficult to eradicate, so rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are needed to prevent and control disease outbreaks. This article reviewed the development and application of different diagnostic methods for mycoplasma. The traditional identification and diagnosis of mycoplasma are mainly in isolation and culture. Recently, techniques for mycoplasma detection from samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have increasingly matured. Compared with traditional diagnostic methods, PCR is more efficient, specific and sensitive. At present, pathogen isolation and identification, molecular biology identification, serological identification and other ways can be used for mycoplasma isolates typing, and easy to determine the gene characteristics in the disease outbreak investigation. Serological diagnosis by indirect ELISA can detect anti-mycoplasma antibodies in serum and milk, and has been demonstrated on single animal samples and BTM samples. The comprehensive application of these detection methods will contribute to the accurate detection of pathogens in production practice and the scientific assessment of the disease occurrence status of cattle herds.

  Dendrobium officinale Beverage: Sterilization Process and Quality Analysis WANG Zaihua, YE Guangying, ZENG Canbiao, YE Qingsheng, HUANG Xiuhong 2023, 39 (16):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0392 Abstract + ( 230 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 380 ) In this study, 6 kinds of sterilization methods of Dendrobium officinale beverages were screened through different high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and the addition of antibacterial agents. Among them, 3 sterilization methods [M3 (121℃ for 15 min), M5 (0.2 g/kg Nisin+100℃) and M7 (100℃+0.25 g/kg DMDC+ 0.2 g/kg Nisin)] were studied in focus. Changes of the total number of bacterial colonies, polysaccharide content, total phenols content, and color stability of D. officinale beverages during the storage were studied to select better sterilization methods. Results showed that the total number of bacterial colonies in D. officinale beverages treated by the 3 sterilization methods under the storage of 25℃ and 16 weeks conformed to the National Food Safety Standard for Beverages (GB 7101—2022). In addition, the polysaccharide content of these beverages decreased significantly, the total polyphenol content changed smoothly, the L value, a absolute value and b value of the samples decreased, the color stability of the beverages during the storage was good, and the quality was maintained. The beverages under M3 or M5 had no obvious change over M7 in pH value and color stability, indicating that M3 and M5 are better sterilization methods.

  Cultivated Land Quality Index and Evaluation Progress Based on High Resolution Remote Sensing TANG Mengmeng, JIANG Wenjuan, DING Qixun, WANG Qiang, MA Youhua 2023, 39 (16):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0485 Abstract + ( 161 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 1217 ) As a comprehensive index reflecting different characteristics of cultivated land, the quality of cultivated land is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper summarizes the application of high resolution remote sensing image in the evaluation of cultivated land quality. At present, there are some problems in the information collection technology of cultivated land quality evaluation, such as small monitoring range, short monitoring time span, high cost, low efficiency and so on. Remote sensing images with high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution and high spectral resolution could provide technical support and data basis for long-term and large-scale cultivated land quality evaluation. This paper summarizes the application of remote sensing technology to identifying terrain features, field infrastructure, soil properties, farmland environment and biodiversity and other cultivated land quality evaluation indicators at home and abroad. Based on the introduction of cultivated land quality grade evaluation method, the vegetation index collaborative evaluation method is summarized. To provide reference for rapid and accurate evaluation of cultivated land quality, on the basis of introducing the evaluation method of cultivated land quality grade, this paper concludes the cooperative evaluation method of vegetation index, at the same time, the evaluation method of cultivated land quality based on high resolution remote sensing is proposed combined with principal component analysis. This paper explores the acquisition method and evaluation system of cultivated land quality evaluation index based on high resolution remote sensing.

  Review for Application of Intelligent Management Technology in Vegetable SUN Xiang, WU Huarui, ZHU Huaji, GU Jingqiu 2023, 39 (16):  137-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0453 Abstract + ( 150 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1849KB )   ( 119 ) To further promote the application of intelligent management technology in vegetable production and management, this paper puts forward the overall framework of vegetable production intelligent technology, analyzes the vegetable data sources and acquisition means under the background of big data age, summarizes the latest research technology of vegetable disease diagnosis, environment and water and fertilizer regulation, cultivation management decision, intelligent production operation, and the intelligent information service. Then, by analyzing the challenges of vegetable intelligent management technology, the development suggestions for vegetable intelligent management technology are put forward. Intelligentization is an essential factor of modern agricultural development. And the use of intelligent information technology to improve the comprehensive productivity and benefit of the vegetable industry is the ultimate goal. It is necessary to dig into the actual demand, integrate the data of the whole vegetable industry chain, promote the deep integration of intelligent information technology and the vegetable industry, and support the transformation and upgrading of the vegetable industry.

  Research Status of Straw Returning Based on Bibliometrics MA Biao, YANG Yingbo, NIAN Lili, ZHANG Xiaoning, LIU Xuelu 2023, 39 (16):  145-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0387 Abstract + ( 167 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2622KB )   ( 113 ) Straw returning is an effective straw management practice, which has gained attention from international academic circles. In the present study, the core database of Web of Science (891 articles) and CNKI (3213 articles) were analyzed by using CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization software. The results are as follows. (1)The number of publications is generally on the rise. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences have published the largest number of articles at home and abroad, respectively, and basic agricultural science and agronomy are the most popular discipline categories. (2) The top three countries with the largest number of published articles on straw returning are China (593), India (130), and the United States (103). The research institutions are mainly universities and colleges, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a far-reaching international influence. The teamwork represented by Lu Jianwei, Ping H E, etc. presents the characteristics of overall dispersion and partial concentration. (3) The keywords have experienced four research stages of mechanized agriculture- soil fertility- greenhouse gas emissions- straw returning to field. (4) Keywords density co-occurrence analysis shows that the research hotspots in the field of straw returning can be summarized as: straw returning to improve soil fertility and crop yield, combined benefits of long-term fertilization and straw returning, and conservation tillage and soil physical and chemical properties. The future research will focus on developing straw returning technologies based on local conditions and economic benefit analysis.

  Research on the Optimization of Rural Settlement Layout in Pingyao County LI Xue, JIA Ningfeng, QIAO Luyin, ZHANG Yuhuai 2023, 39 (16):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0415 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2664KB )   ( 445 ) To alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of urban and rural construction land, and effectively and reasonably promote the comprehensive improvement of rural settlements, we selected Pingyao County of Shanxi Province as the research area to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in the county and their influencing mechanism. We used the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model to construct the suitability evaluation index system of rural residential areas, and established a database of natural and socioeconomic factors taking the administrative village as the unit. The research shows that: (1) the rural settlements in the county are affected by natural location conditions, and the overall distribution pattern of clusters is “dense in the north and middle, and sparse in the southeast”; (2) the spatial layout suitability of rural settlements in Pingyao County is relatively good, mainly high suitability and relative suitability, showing the distribution characteristics of “low suitability in the northwest, high suitability in the southeast, and good suitability close to the central urban area”; (3) according to the logical thinking of natural factors - comprehensive evaluation - development potential - resource advantage, the settlements are classified into four categories: urban-suburban integration, agglomeration expansion, guidance and control, and relocation and merger, and the development directions are pointed out by this study.