Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0433

Abstract

Abstract:

Tea tree is a kind of perennial cash crop which likes nitrogen, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve the economic benefit of tea industry. This study summarized the diagnosis and requirement of nitrogen nutrition in tea trees, and the effect of nitrogen on the growth of tea trees and soil environment in tea gardens. Moderate amount of nitrogen can improve the yield and quality of tea, and adjust the number of microorganisms and the diversity of community of tea garden soil. It can also improve the cold resistance of tea trees, and reduce the interference of mites and the symptoms of leaf injury. At present, 36% of China’s tea gardens have excessive fertilization, and the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 80% of the tea gardens do not meet the needs of tea on nutrients, resulting in low nutrient utilization rate and waste of fertilizer, and has caused negative impact on the environment. Therefore, how to accurately control the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve its utilization efficiency, reduce its loss in soil, and solve the relevant environmental problems are important measures to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and promote the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. In the future, we can strengthen the research on the direction of nitrogen loss and efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea garden soil, and further clarify the whereabouts and influencing factors of nitrogen leaching and volatilization, surface runoff and nitrogen emission in tea gardens, thus improving nutrient utilization efficiency and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution load.

Key words: nitrogen nutrition, tea tree, yield, quality, soil microorganism

LIAO Jinmei, HUANG Wei, LI Ansheng, LIU Shaoqun, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng. Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(16): 82-87.

References 62

[1]	ARREGUI L M, LASA B, LAFARGA A, et al. Evaluation of chlorophyll meters as tools for N fertilization in winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions[J]. European journal of agronomy, 2006, 24(2):140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2005.05.005 URL
[2]	HUSSAIN F, BRONSON K F, YADVINDER S, et al. Use of chlorophyll meter sufficiency indices for nitrogen management of irrigated rice in Asia[J]. Agronomy journal, 2000, 92:875-879. doi: 10.2134/agronj2000.925875x URL
[3]	VARVEL G E, SCHEPERS J S, FRANCIS D D. Ability for in-season correction of nitrogen deficiency in corn using chlorophyll meters[J]. Soil science society of America journal, 1997, 6:1233-1239.
[4]	WOOD C W, REEVES D W, DUFFIELD R R, et al. Fieldchlorophyll measurements for evaluation of corn nitrogen status[J]. Journal of plant nutrition, 1992, 15:487-500. doi: 10.1080/01904169209364335 URL
[5]	WAHONO, INDRADEWA D, SUNARMINTO B H, et al. Evaluation of the Use of SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter for non-destructive estimation of nitrogen status of tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze)[J]. Indian journal of agricultural research, 2019, 53(3):333-337.
[6]	苏有健, 廖万有, 丁勇, 等. 不同氮营养水平对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6):1430-1436.
[7]	鱼欢, 杨改河, 王之杰. 不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2):266-273.
[8]	WANG Y J, LI T H, JIN G, et al. Qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition of tea plants under field condition using hyperspectral imaging coupled with chemometrics[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2020, 100(1):161-167. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.v100.1 URL
[9]	WANG Y J, HU X, HOU Z W, et al. Discrimination of nitrogen fertilizer levels of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) based on hyperspectral imaging[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2018, 98(12):4659-4664. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8996 pmid: 29607500
[10]	LUO D N, GAO Y, WANG Y, et al. Using UAV image data to monitor the effects of different nitrogen application rates on tea quality[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2021, 102(4):1540-1549. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11489 pmid: 34424545
[11]	WU W B, LI J Y, ZHANG Z B, et al. Estimation model of LAI and nitrogen content in tea tree based on hyperspectral image[J]. Editorial office of transactions of the Chinese society of agricultural engineering, 2018, 34(3):195-201.
[12]	李孟杰. 基于超像素分割的茶树氮营养水平诊断模型研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2020.
[13]	WAHONO, INDRADEWA D, SUNARMINTO B H, et al. CIE L^a^b^* color space based vegetation indices derived from unmanned aerial vehicle captured images for chlorophyll and nitrogen content estimation of tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) leaves[J]. Ilmu pertanian (agricultural science), 2019, 4(1):46-51. doi: 10.22146/ipas.40693 URL
[14]	程博一. 不同施肥模式对茶叶品质、产量构成以及土壤肥力的影响[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2014.
[15]	马立锋. 茶树氮素吸收利用与氮肥施用技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015.
[16]	马立锋, 陈红金, 单英杰, 等. 浙江省绿茶主产区茶园施肥现状及建议[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(1):74-84.
[17]	庄晚芳. 茶树生理[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1984:103-106.
[18]	李相楹, 张珍明, 张清海, 等. 茶园土壤氮磷钾与茶叶品质关系研究进展[J]. 广东农业科学, 2014, 41(23):56-60.
[19]	江新凤, 孙永明, 童忠飞, 等. 菜籽饼肥施用深度对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(12):172-178.
[20]	邓敏, 徐泽, 胡留杰, 等. 不同氮营养水平对福鼎大白茶产量及品质的影响[J]. 西南农业报, 2012, 25(4):1330-1333.
[21]	林郑和, 钟秋生, 陈常颂, 等. 缺氮条件下不同品种茶树叶片光合特性的变化[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(6):500-504.
[22]	LIN Z H, ZHONG Q S, CHEN C S, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply on the biochemical attributes of green tea (Camellia sinensis)[J]. International journal of agriculture and biology, 2020, 23(3):573-581.
[23]	HUANG SH P, CUI X C, XU Z H, et al. Nitrogen addition exerts a stronger effect than elevated temperature on soil available nitrogen and relation to soil microbial properties in the rhizosphere of Camellia sinensis L. seedlings[J]. Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022:1-14.
[24]	张子义, 伊霞, 胡博, 等. 缺氮条件下燕麦根轴细胞的程序性死亡[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(8):175-178.
[25]	王文静, 高松洁, 梁月丽, 等. 不同穗型小麦品种灌浆期碳氮代谢特点及其与源库的关系[J]. 华北农学报, 2003(2):29-32. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2003.02.008
[26]	LIN Z H, CHEN C S, ZHONG Q S, et al. The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)[J]. BMC plant biology, 2021, 21(1):506. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03285-y
[27]	朱新开, 严六零, 郭文善, 等. 淮北稻茬超高产小麦碳氮代谢特征研究[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2002(1):51-55.
[28]	RUAN J Y, GERENDÁS J K, HÄRDTER R, et al. Effect of nitrogen form and root-zone pH on growth and nitrogen uptake of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants[J]. Annals of botany, 2007, 99(2):301-310. pmid: 17204540
[29]	RUAN J Y, GERENDÁS J K, HÄRDTER R, et al. Effect of root zone pH and form and concentration of nitrogen on accumulation of quality-related components in green tea[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2007, 87(8):1505-1516. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0010 URL
[30]	YANG Y Y, WANG F, WAN Q, et al. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq revealed the effects of nitrogen form on major secondary metabolite biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis) plants[J]. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 2018, 40(7):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2577-4
[31]	OH K, KATO T, XU H L. Transport of nitrogen assimilation in xylem vessels of green tea plants fed with NH₄-N and NO₃-N[J]. Pedosphere, 2008, 18(2):222-226. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(08)60010-7 URL
[32]	WANG Y, CHENG X M, YANG T Y, et al. Nitrogen-regulated theanine and flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant roots: Protein-level regulation revealed by multiomics analyses[J]. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2021.
[33]	YANG T Y, LI H P, TAI Y L, et al. Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. Scientific reports, 2020, 10(1):6868. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63835-6
[34]	LIU Z W, LI H, LIU J X, et al. Integrative transcriptome, proteome, and microRNA analysis reveals the effects of nitrogen sufficiency and deficiency conditions on theanine metabolism in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Horticulture research, 2020, 7(1):65. doi: 10.1038/s41438-020-0290-8
[35]	LIU J W, LIU M Y, FANG H H, et al. Accumulation of amino acids and flavonoids in young tea shoots is highly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in roots and mature leaves[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2021, 12:756433-756433. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756433 URL
[36]	JIANG H Y, ENGELHARDT U H, THRÄNE C, et al. Determination of flavonol glycosides in green tea, oolong tea and black tea by UHPLC compared to HPLC[J]. Food chemistry, 2015, 183:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.024 pmid: 25863606
[37]	PRICE K R, RHODES M J C, BARNES K A. Flavonol glycoside content and composition of tea infusions made from commercially available teas and tea products[J]. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1998, 46(7):2517-2522. doi: 10.1021/jf9800211 URL
[38]	DONG F, HU J H, SHI Y Z, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply on flavonol glycoside biosynthesis and accumulation in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 2019, 138:48-57. doi: S0981-9428(19)30066-X pmid: 30849677
[39]	杨亦扬, 马立锋, 黎星辉, 等. 氮素水平对茶树新梢叶片代谢谱及其昼夜变化的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(6):491-499.
[40]	RAVICHANDRAN R. Carotenoid composition, distribution and degradation to flavour volatiles during black tea manufacture and the effect of carotenoid supplementation on tea quality and aroma[J]. Food chemistry, 2002, 78(1):23-28. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00303-X URL
[41]	HO C T, ZHENG X, LI S M. Tea aroma formation[J]. Food science and human wellness, 2015, 4(1):9-27. doi: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.04.001 URL
[42]	陆金梅, 李金婷, 廖春文, 等. 不同氮素营养水平对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国热带农业, 2017(5):56-57.
[43]	游小妹, 陈常颂, 钟秋生, 等. 不同用氮量水平对乌龙茶产量、品质的影响[J]. 福建农业学报, 2012, 27(8):853-856.
[44]	吴志丹, 尤志明, 王峰, 等. 施氮量对茶树生长及叶片光合特性的影响[J]. 茶叶科学技术, 2014(4):16-20.
[45]	颜明娟, 林琼, 吴一群, 等. 不同施氮措施对茶叶品质及茶园土壤环境的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(3):452-456.
[46]	OKANO K, CTANI K, MASTUO K. Suitable level of nitrogen fertilizer for tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants in relation to growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake and accumulation of free amino acids[J]. Japanese journal of crop science, 1997, 66(2):279-287. doi: 10.1626/jcs.66.279 URL
[47]	RUAN J, HAERDTER R, GERENDAS J. Impact of nitrogen supply on carbon/nitrogen allocation: a case study on amino acids and catechins in green tea [(Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plants[J]. Plant biology, 2010, 12(5):724-734. doi: 10.1111/plb.2010.12.issue-5 URL
[48]	BENDING G D, TURNER M K, RAYNS F, et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2004, 36 (11):1785-1792. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.035 URL
[49]	丁磊. 茶树专用生物活性有机肥肥效试验[J]. 中国茶叶, 2000(4):36-37.
[50]	MA L F, YANG X D, SHI Y Z, et al. Response of tea yield, quality and soil bacterial characteristics to long-term nitrogen fertilization in an eleven-year field experiment[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2021:166.
[51]	ASANTE E A, DU Z, LU Y Z, et al. Detection and assessment of nitrogen effect on cold tolerance for tea by hyperspectral reflectance with PLSR, PCR, and LM models[J]. Information processing in agriculture, 2021, 8(1):96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2020.03.001 URL
[52]	SUDOI V, KHAEMBA B M, WANJALA F M E. Influence of soil applied nitrogen (NPKS 25:5:5:5) on Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) mite incidence and damage symptoms on tea[J]. Annals of applied biology, 1996, 128(1).
[53]	A O J, OKINDA O P, A M L O, et al. Influence of nitrogen fertilisation on red spider mites (Oligonychus coffeae Nietner) and overhead volatile organic compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis)[J]. International journal of tea science, 2017, 13.
[54]	阮建云, 马立锋, 石元值. 茶树根际土壤性质及氮肥的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2003, 23(2):167-170.
[55]	YANG X D, MA L F, JI L F, et al. Long-term nitrogen fertilization indirectly affects soil fungi community structure by changing soil and pruned litter in a subtropical tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation in China[J]. Plant and soil, 2019, 444(1-2):409-426. doi: 10.1007/s11104-019-04291-8
[56]	李金婷, 黄少欣, 韦持章, 等. 不同氮素营养水平对茶树根际土壤微生物的影响及其在养分调控中的作用[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1):281-288. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190114
[57]	程博一, 韩艳娜, 李叶云, 等. 施肥模式对茶叶品质、产量构成及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(5):525-533.
[58]	穆聪. 乌龙茶产区氮素供应状况及对茶树镁营养的影响[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2019.
[59]	张永利, 王烨军, 宋莉, 等. 氮磷钾肥料对茶园土壤溶液中氟含量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(3):28-35.
[60]	张永利, 廖万有, 王烨军, 等. 氮肥对茶园土壤氟赋存形态及转化的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2015, 32(5):436-442.
[61]	ZHANG Y L, LIAO W Y, WANG Y J, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on combined forms and transformation of fluorine in tea garden soil[J]. Journal of agricultural resources and environment, 2015, 32(5):436-442.
[62]	向芬, 李维, 刘红艳, 等. 氮肥减施对茶园土壤细菌群落结构的影响研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(6):49-57. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1287