Abstract:

In order to cultivate dwarf maize varieties, six generations of population were obtained by crossing the cultivated material DN132610 and the mutant material DN132610-1 to explore the genetic characteristics of the mutant plant height. Six generation populations of P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂, and F₂ were selected as test materials and joint analysis was conducted using plant quantitative trait segregation analysis software. The results revealed that the optimal genetic model for the dwarf mutant was E-1, which was a mixed genetic model with 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistasis master genes + additive-dominant polygenes. The additive effect values of both 2 pairs of master genes were -11.205 and dominant effect values were -28.303 and -15.840, respectively. The main gene heritability was 57.26% for B₁, 30.06% for B₂, 76.85% for F₂, and 0%, 28.06% and 0% for polygenic heritability, respectively. The variation caused by environmental factors accounted for 42.74 %, 41.88 % and 23.15 %, respectively. The above experiments showed that the two pairs of genes controlling maize plant height were dominated by dominant effects with high heritability of the main gene. The heritability of B₁ and F₂ polygenes was 0% and maize plant height was influenced by the environment. There was a genetic and environmental interaction effect, which could be combined with environmental identification for early selection on plant height traits.

Key words: corn, plant height, effect of heredity, major gene + polygene