Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.33 Published:25 November 2023

  Regulating Effect of Several Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Quality of Rice SUN Shuqin, LI Yuejiao, LI Guangsheng, YANG Xiurong 2023, 39 (33):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0625 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 60 ) In order to cultivate healthy rice seedlings and improve the quality of rice seedlings, a soaking seeds experiment which used ‘Jinyujing 22’ as experimental material, was conducted to assess the effect of four plant growth regulators on seed germination and seedling quality under different concentrations and soaking times. The plant growth regulators were respectively 5% indole butyric acid·naphthalene acetic acid solution (A), 1% indole butyric acid·abscisic acid solution (B), 0.25% abscisic acid aqueous solution (C), 0.136% gibberellic acid·indole acetic acid·brassinolide wettable powder (D). The results showed that the germination potential was increased after soaking seeds with 20 mg/kg A for 24 h and 0.4 mg/kg C for 24 h and 48 h. Different treatments in this study had little effect on germination index and germination rate of rice seeds. The seedling index of rice seedlings was significantly increased by 19.14%, 17.68%, 34.55% and 23.80% when treated with A at the concentration of 20 mg/kg, B at the concentration of 10 mg/kg, C at the concentration of 0.4 mg/kg and D at the concentration of 1000 times after soaking at 25℃ for 24 h, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum method in the agricultural production for increasing seed emergence rate and seeding index was that rice seed were soaked with 20 mg/kg of 5% indole butyric acid·naphthalene acetic acid solution, 10 mg/kg of 1% indole butyric acid·abscisic acid solution, 0.4 mg/kg of 0.25% abscisic acid aqueous solution or 1000 times of 0.136% gibberellic acid·indole acetic acid·brassinolide wettable powder for 24 h.

  Effects of Anti-pour Agent on Yield and Lodging Resistance of High Quality Rice ZOU Dan, TANG Qiyuan, HUANG Yiguo, LIU Longsheng, FANG Shengliang, LV Guangdong, KUANG Na, LUO Youyi, MAO Ruiqing, ZHANG Ming 2023, 39 (33):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0150 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1124KB )   ( 52 ) Lodging is one of the important factors restricting rice production, and the lodging of high quality rice is more prominent. In order to improve the anti lodging cultivation technique of high-quality rice, this study used the representative high-quality rice variety ‘Meixiangzhan 2’ in Guangdong Province as the experimental material, set up three different nitrogen application rates, and used two factors randomized block design to explore the anti lodging effect of the anti-pour agent ‘Budaohan’. The results showed that the anti-pour agent reduced the stem and leaf weight and the total dry matter weight during the full heading and mature stages, but increased the economic coefficient, and had the effect of increasing yield. The height of rice during the entire growth period was reduced, reaching a significant level. Under low fertilizer conditions, the effects of reducing plant height were more significant. The length and lodging index of the second and third basal nodes during the wax ripening period were reduced, with the third basal node reaching a significant level. The length of each node during the ripening period, the lodging index in the field, and the bending moment of the third and fourth nodes were also significantly reduced. The bending strength and lodging index of the third and fourth nodes were also reduced to some extent, but didn’t reach a significant level. In summary, the anti-pour agent ‘Budaohan’ could significantly enhance the anti lodging ability of high-quality rice, and had the effect of increasing yield, which could be promoted and applied.

  Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying on Black Point, Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat KONG Dezhen, SANG Wei, XU Hongjun, HAN Xinnian, NIE Yingbin, TIAN Xiaoming 2023, 39 (33):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0948 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 23 ) To provide the theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of the strong gluten spring wheat ‘Xinchun38’, the effect of foliar fertilizer (KH2PO4 and brassinolide) in different periods of filling stage on black point disease, yield and quality was studied. The results showed that two times mixed spraying of KH2PO4 and brassinolide increased yield by 27.9% compared with the control, 1000-kernel weight could be significantly increased, the number of sterile spikelets decreased, and the black point rate reduced from 21% to 16.8%. After a mixed spray of foliar fertilizer, the protein content, wet gluten content and precipitation values of the granules increased by 1%, 0.7% and 4.54% compared with the control, respectively. When single spraying KH2PO4, the dough development time and stability time increased by 0.6 and 0.7 min. The tensile curve and the stretch area increased by 22 cm2 and 91 BU. The single spraying of brassinolide had no significant effect. Therefore, early mixed spraying of foliar fertilizer in wheat filling stage can effectively reduce the occurrence of black point of spring wheat ‘Xinchun38’ and improve yield and quality.

  Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Maize: Drought and Re-watering at Jointing Stage in Arid Area CHENG Qian, DING Wenkui, ZHAO Funian, ZHANG Peng, LI Xingyu 2023, 39 (33):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0338 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 40 ) This study focuses on the impact of drought and re-watering on dry matter accumulation and distribution during the jointing stage of maize in arid areas, in order to provide a scientific reference for the growing and water-saving irrigation of maize in arid areas. In 2016, a field experiment was carried out at dessert ecological and agricultural meteorological station of Wuwei in Gansu Province. Three treatments were set with the same variety, including CK (control treatment with sufficient water supply in the whole growth period), T1 (water control treatment at jointing stage), and T2 (water control-re-watering treatment at jointing stage). The differences of dry matter distribution and transfer in maize under different treatments were compared by comparative analysis. The results showed that drought reduced dry matter accumulation rate (compared with CK treatment, the dry matter accumulation rate of T1 treatment decreased by 22.14%, 32.66% and 40.43% at the jointing stage, tasseling stage and milking stage); finally, the total dry matter accumulation was reduced (compared with CK treatment, the dry matter accumulation of a single plant of T1 treatment at the jointing stage, tasseling stage and milking stage was decreased by 21.62%, 27.52% and 34.39%); the biomass was increased due to re-watering after drought at jointing stage (dry matter accumulation of T2 treatment at tasseling stage, milking stage and maturity stage was increased by 18.20%, 24.13% and 20.19% compared with T1 treatment), but it could not be increased to the level of sufficient irrigation treatment. In addition, drought inhibited transfer of dry matter from other organs to ear, and the distribution ratio of dry matter in ear at the milking stage and maturity stage was CK>T2>T1. Although the compensation effect of re-watering after drought reduced the impact of drought on dry matter transfer, drought still had an irreversible impact on dry matter accumulation of maize.

  Shading-Tolerant Spring Soybean: Genotypes Screening and Identification of Shade Tolerance Indexes ZHAO Zhixin, FU Mengmeng, LI Shuguang, WANG Yaqi, YU Xiwen, ZHANG Hongmei, CHEN Huatao, XU Haifeng 2023, 39 (33):  25-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0821 Abstract + ( 100 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 25 ) In order to study the effect of shading stress on spring soybean in the Huanghuaihai region, and to screen the identification indexes and mathematical evaluation model of spring soybean shade tolerance, the shade tolerance coefficients of 10 indicators of soybean were used to measure the shade tolerance of individual indicators, and the comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation value of 25 soybean genotypes was calculated by principal component analysis, membership function method and stepwise regression method. The results showed that different soybean genotypes responded differently to shading stress. The plant height, the node of main stem and average internode length increased to different degrees under shade conditions, and the degree of variation increased, while the pods per plant, grains per plant, grain-stem ratio, grain weight per plant and grain per pod decreased significantly. Based on the cluster analysis of shade tolerance evaluation value (D), the 25 test soybean genotypes were divided into five categories: strong shade-tolerant, more shade-tolerant, moderate shade-tolerant, shade-intolerant and extremely shade tolerant. A mathematical model for the evaluation of shade tolerance of spring soybeans in the Huanghuaihai region was established: D=-0.149 + 0.202X01-0.054X04+ 0.233X05 + 0.233X07 (R2=0.963), and the prediction accuracy reached 82%. In summary, four indexes, including the plant height, the height of lower pods, the average internode length and grains per plant, were screened as the identification indexes of Huanghuaihai shade-tolerant spring soybean, and six strong shade-tolerant soybean materials were identified.

  Effects of Liquid Mulching Film on Agronomic Traits, Yield of Peanut and Soil Fertility SONG Li, QIN Jie, LI Xuan, WU Xiaoyan 2023, 39 (33):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0956 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 30 ) To alleviate the environmental pollution and land degradation caused by the widespread application of plastic film in peanut planting, and to explore the application effect of liquid mulching film, this paper compared the effects of three different liquid mulching film on agronomic traits, the yield of peanut and soil fertility with the bare land without film mulching as the control. The results showed that liquid film could promote the growth of main stem mass and lateral branch length, and improve the pod traits and the yield of peanut. The functional liquid film B had the most obvious effect among the three treatments. The main stem height and lateral branch length of peanut increased by 10.34 cm and 11.00 cm. The full fruit rate increased by 18.5%, the immature peanuts rate increased by 50.0%, and the blighted peanuts rate decreased by 19.9%. Through yield estimation, the yield of spraying functional liquid film B was higher than that of bare land by 1620 kg/hm2. Through soil nutrient analysis, liquid film reduced the effective nutrients such as soil organic carbon during peanut harvest. It may be that liquid film improved the hydrothermal conditions of the soil, and promoted the growth and nutrient absorption of peanuts.

  Effects of Different Ways of Applying Nano Carbon Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato TANG Hongjie 2023, 39 (33):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0960 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 22 ) To explore the response of nano-carbon to crop growth and development factors, and to clarify the impact of compound fertilizer combined with nano-carbon on crops, sweet potato was used as the research object, and a comparative experiment of compound fertilizer and nano-carbon was designed with different combined application methods, such as single watering, spraying and watering plus spraying. The effects of different treatments on the survival rate, agronomic shape, chlorophyll SPAD value, yield and quality of sweet potato were studied. The experimental results showed that the survival rate of two kinds of sweet potato could be effectively increased by using 1.0 kg 1000 times of nano-carbon solution per litter to irrigate the litter when the potato seedlings were planted with nano-carbon combined with compound fertilizer, and then spraying the stems and leaves with 1000 times of nano-carbon solution evenly 30 days after planting. And the yield of the starch type ‘Shangshu 19’ and the fresh eating type sweet potato ‘Yanshu 25’ increased by 3.51% and 10.67% respectively. Meanwhile, the starch content of the starch type ‘Shangshu 19’ and the soluble sugar content of the fresh eating type sweet potato ‘Yanshu 25’ improved. Therefore, applying compound fertilizer combined with nano-carbon according to this method can effectively improve the yield and quality of sweet potato and promote the healthy development of sweet potato industry.

  The Machine-harvested Property and Variety Screening of Machine-harvested Cotton HAO Yaming, WU Meihuan, XU Haoyi, GAO Yu, WEN Chun, LIU Junzhe, CHEN Yu 2023, 39 (33):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0984 Abstract + ( 82 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 19 ) Through selecting and identifying new strains and varieties of early-maturing machine-picked cotton, the quality and yield of machine-picked cotton can be improved steadily. In 2019 and 2020, 12 machine-picked cotton varieties were selected to carry out the comparative experiment of agronomic characters in the experimental area set up by the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The results showed that the shortest growth period of ‘Shidamian268’, ‘H1537’, ‘Jinken1861’ and ‘XinshiK33’ was less than 120 days, and there were 10 varieties with the first boll height ≥18.0 cm, the uniformity of boll-opening period was 2 or 3 grades. ‘Shidamian268’ranked the first in comprehensive mechanical-harvested properties, and the yield of seed cotton, lint cotton and lint cotton before frost were all better than other varieties, which increased by 7.2%, 19.2% and 25.1% respectively compared with the control varieties. The next was ‘Xinnongzao129’, the yield of seed cotton, lint cotton and lint cotton before frost increased by 6.0%, 14.7% and 16.3% respectively compared with the control varieties. ‘Shidamian268’ and ‘Xinnongzao129’ had the best mechanical-harvested properties and cotton quality, which accorded with the requirements of this research area.

  Study on Drought Tolerance Mechanism and Planting Suitability of Quinoa in Arid Areas—Taking Yongchang as An Example ZHANG Tao, LI Yanying, ZHANG Min, DONG Jide, YAN Pengcheng, MAO Zhuxin 2023, 39 (33):  50-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1044 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2474KB )   ( 30 ) In order to study the mechanism of drought tolerance, water demand rule and the suitability of planting in arid areas of quinoa, ‘Longli no.1’ was used as the test material. The data were measured by field tests and mathematical statistics methods. The total growth period of quinoa was 142 d, the yield per unit area was 2895.3 kg/hm2, the ratio of quinoa grain to stem was 1:0.99, and the single irrigation amount was 450 m3/hm2. The results showed that the developed root system with a network distribution, dense leaf vein, thick cuticle and stem rods, hollow wood, thick epidermis, strong toughness, fibrous catheter and other physiological structure characteristics made quinoa have good drought resistance characteristics. Branches stage, heading stage and flowering stage were the key stages of quinoa development, and they were also the key periods of water demand. The geography, climate, soil, irrigation and other conditions showed that quinoa had good suitability in Yongchang. Quinoa planting by film mulching + membrane drip irrigation had multiple effects such as water saving, cost saving, drought resistance and efficiency increasing, which could improve water utilization efficiency, and was suitable for further promotion in arid areas in northwest China.

  Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Three Medicinal Plants in Eastern Inner Mongolia KOU Peiwen, LIU Changle, XU Yike, SONG Zhongxing, LI Bo, ZHANG Yongsheng, HUANG Wenjing, TANG Zhishu 2023, 39 (33):  58-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0868 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1952KB )   ( 21 ) Through analyzing the community characteristics of rhizosphere microorganisms in three medicinal plants from the Eastern Inner Mongolia region, this study aims at investigating the interactive relationship among plant roots, rhizosphere soil, and microorganisms. Using Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Saposhnikovia divaricata, and Glehniae Radix with similar growth years and conditions as the materials, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the differences and relationships between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil among the plants. The study revealed that the main differences in physicochemical properties between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were observed in total phosphorus and catalase activity. In the Eastern Inner Mongolia region, the dominant bacterial phyla in the three medicinal plants were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, with relative proportions ranging from 27.85% to 52.69% and 18.39% to 44.59%, respectively. The dominant fungal families in the three medicinal plants from the Eastern Inner Mongolia region were mainly Nectriaceae and Microascaceae, with relative proportions ranging from 3.70% to 14.94% and 4.66% to 30.32%, respectively. Significant differences in the microbial community structure were observed between Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family and Glehniae Radix and Saposhnikovia divaricata of the Umbelliferae family. Differences in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, urease, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil contributed to the variation in microbial community structure. The distinct characteristics of rhizosphere microbiota were observed in the three medicinal plants cultivated in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia. The main driving factors for bacterial community structure were the interaction between soil environmental factors and plants, while both environmental factors and plant types had driving effects on the fungal community.

  The Mechanism, Current Status and Prospects of Microbial Fertilizers ZHOU Meng, ZHANG Jiajun, LUO Yang 2023, 39 (33):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0976 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 42 ) As a low-cost and environmentally friendly new type of fertilizer, microbial fertilizers can effectively improve soil, increase fertility, increase crop yield, and reduce crop losses caused by pathogens, playing an important role in the national agricultural green development strategy. In this paper, we summarized the development status of microbial fertilizers in China in recent years, the classification and preservation of strains, and the mechanism of soluble and volatile secondary metabolites of plant growth promoting bacteria from the aspects of classification, product application and mechanism of microbial fertilizers, and analyzed the common problems faced by the development of microbial fertilizer industry. Finally, several suggestions for promoting the development of microbial fertilizers were put forward.

  Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake and Utilization in Continuous Cropping Cotton Fields LUO Xuemei, CHEN Mingyuan, WANG Ningning, GUO Rui, LIU Jianguo 2023, 39 (33):  76-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0922 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 26 ) The research aims to clarify the effects of nitrogen reduction and partial replacement of organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen distribution, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and cotton yield in continuous cropping cotton fields, and to provide theoretical basis for optimization of fertilization scheme based on the current situation of farmland. The experiment was conducted in 2021 in the continuous cropping cotton field in Erlian Farming trial field of Shihezi University. Eight treatments were set, including conventional nitrogen application rate (CF, 360 kg/hm2), reducing conventional nitrogen application rate by 8%, 16%, 24% (CF-8%, CF-16% and CF-24%), applying organic fertilizer to replace conventional nitrogen application rate by 8%, 16%, 24% (8%OF, 16%OF and 24%OF) and no fertilization (CK). The results showed that the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the accumulation of dry matter, yield composition and yield first increased and then decreased with the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer substitution. The utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of CF-16% were significantly higher than that of CF, and the yield increase rate reached 6.22%; except the number of bolls per plant, all indexes of organic fertilizer replacement treatment were significantly higher than that of CF, and the yield increase rate of 16% OF was the highest, which was 17.96%. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of CF-16% and CF-24% remained in the 0-60 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of CF, and the nitrate nitrogen content in 20-60 cm soil layer decreased significantly with the increase of organic fertilizer replacement ratio, in which the content of 16% OF 0-20 cm nitrate nitrogen and 24% OF 0-20 cm ammonium nitrogen increased significantly compared with CF. To sum up, the optimal nitrogen application rate of CF-16% showed the best performance; from the perspective of reducing nitrogen accumulation in deep soil and improving nitrogen utilization of cotton plants, 16% OF was the best replacement ratio of organic fertilizer.

  Effects of Tobacco Stalk Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Physicochemical Properties of Acidic Red Soil WANG Haoji, GUAN Huilin, SHI Mengxin, DENG Sidi, DONG Mingxing, LU Zicun, WANG Haibo, HAO Yunying, XU Wumei 2023, 39 (33):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0954 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 31 ) Biochar has been widely used in agricultural production as a new soil amendment material. However, the effects of biochar with different particle sizes (DPS-BC) on the physicochemical properties of acidic red soil are rarely reported. The effects of DPS-BC (2.00-4.00 mm, 0.85-2.00 mm, 0.42-0.85 mm and <0.42 mm) on physicochemical properties of the acidic red soil were investigated by a pot experiment, and a commonly consumed vegetable Brassica rapa var. chinensis was cultivated as test crop. The results showed that the biochar with particle size of 2.00-4.00 mm was the most effective in reducing soil bulk density and increasing water holding capacity of acidic red soil, while the particle size with <0.42 mm was the most effective in increasing soil pH, EC, and available K content, and the particle size with 0.42-0.85 mm was the most effective in increasing soil organic matter, available N content and promoting crop yield (P<0.05). The DPS-BC application significantly improved the comprehensive soil quality index (P<0.05), which significantly correlated with crop yield (P<0.01). Therefore, DPS-BCs have different effects on soil improvement and crop yield, and biochar with an appropriate particle size range should be selected in agricultural production according to soil physicochemical properties.

  Effects of Different Film Mulching Treatments on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco in Cold Mountainous Area HUANG Yunzhi, SONG Pengfei, JI Zeshun, SHEN Zhong, MA Xiang, HUANG He, YU Fengtang, YANG Yong, FU Bin, WANG Chi, SHI Jian 2023, 39 (33):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0957 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1097KB )   ( 20 ) Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching methods on the hydrothermal effects, agronomic traits and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco soils in cold and cool mountainous areas of the plateau of Zhaotong City. The following 4 treatments were conducted: black plastic film mulching on ridges (RC), reflective plastic film mulching on ridges (RF), black-white bilayer films mulching on ridges (BF) and black plastic film mulching on ridges and white plastic film mulching on furrows (FF). The results showed that during the early growth period of flue-cured tobacco field, soil temperature in the treatments of FF and BF increased by 0.47-0.80 and 0.23-0.34℃ respectively compared with RC. Soil temperature in the treatments of RF decreased by 0.49-0.73℃ compared with RC. Soil moisture in the treatments of FF and BF increased by 2.46%-4.76% and 0.63%-2.45% respectively compared with RC，soil moisture in the treatments of RF decreased by 0.01%-0.19% compared with RC. During the seedling stage, the soil moisture decrease rate could be expressed as power function of time, which of FF and BF was less than RC. In topping period, the agronomic characters of biomass, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area coefficient in the treatments of BF were higher than those of RC, and yield and output value increased by 1.14% and17.77% specifically. In summary, mulch film covering significantly improves soil temperature and humidity, and double-layer film covering has a good effect on flue-cured tobacco yield improvement, which was suitable for promotion and application in flue-cured tobacco planting in cold and cool mountainous areas.

  Study on Climatic Characteristics of Different Tobacco Planting Areas in Qianxinan Prefecture ZHANG Huihong, ZHANG Yaheng, SHEN Xie, WANG Wei, LIU Shengchuan, WU Fanglian, ZHANG Shixiang, CHEN Fayuan 2023, 39 (33):  99-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0962 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2181KB )   ( 35 ) This study aimed at providing reference for optimizing Guizhou Zhongyan Qianxinan base planting layout. Through statistics of Qianxinan six tobacco-planting counties/cities (Xingyi, Xingren, Pu'an, Zhenfeng, Anlong and Qinglong) flue-cured tobacco field meteorological data during 2010 to 2021, including four meteorological indexes of rainfall, sunshine time, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature, the climate characteristics and correlation of different producing areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the rainfall of tobacco fields during the growth period in six tobacco-planting counties/cities was more in line with the water demand of tobacco plants, and the rainfall of Xingyi City was relatively higher. (2) The variation trend of average temperature and effective accumulated temperature during the growing period of the field in different tobacco-planting counties/cities was as followed: Zhenfeng County > Xingyi City > Xingren County > Anlong County > Qinglong County > Pu’an County. The variation trend of average temperature in most areas was in line with the demand for high-quality tobacco-planting areas. (3) The sunshine duration in Zhenfeng County was higher in the vigorous growing stage and maturing stage, while the sunshine duration in Pu’an County was lower overall. In conclusion, the main climatic characteristics of the six tobacco-planting counties/cities in Qianxinan Prefecture met the demand for flue-cured tobacco production. Xingyi City and Zhenfeng County had better light and heat conditions during the field period of flue-cured tobacco; Xingren County and Anlong County had moderate rain and light and heat conditions; Pu’an County had moderate rainfall and lower temperature; Qinglong County had abundant rainfall and moderate light and heat conditions. The differences of climate characteristics in different counties/cities are also one of the ecological factors for the differences of flue-cured tobacco quality, which can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the distribution of flue-cured tobacco-planting areas.

  Indica-japonica Untypical Plants Among Hybrid Indica Rice: Identification by InDel Markers PAN Weiqin, MA Hui, XU Xue, BAO Xiangyu, MAI Xiaoli, LIN Ling, WU Shuang, WANG Xiufeng 2023, 39 (33):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0871 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 16 ) Indica-japonica untypical plants will be produced in the process of indica hybrid seeds production when japonica pollens are mixed, and this type of untypical plants often displays the character of abnormal heading (commonly known as Daqingke in China), and results in purity decrease of hybrid rice, which ultimately affects grains yield. In order to avoid the occurrence of abnormal heading due to improper choosing of parents in mating groups or poor isolation in seed production in japonica regions, finding out proper molecular markers that could accurately distinguish indica from japonica may provide a reference for breeding and hybrid seed production. In this study, the three-line indica hybrid rice‘Yuetai A’/‘R2020’and untypical plants with character of abnormal heading in the field were used as experimental materials. Polymorphic SSR markers between two parents were used to analyze genotype of the untypical plants, and eighteen pairs of specific InDel markers were used to identify the indica-japonica attributes. The results showed that there were twenty-two loci differences between the male sterile line ‘Yuetai A’ and the restorer line ‘R2020’ among the forty-eight pairs of SSR markers recommended by the industry standard "Protocol for identification of rice varieties-SSR Marker Method" (NY/T 1433-2014); eight untypical plants all showed out-crossing type bands under six pairs of SSR markers (RM72, RM85, RM224, RM253, RM424 and RM481); the results of thirteen pairs of indica japonica specific InDel markers further proved that these eight out-crossing plants were all derived from hybridization of indica-japonica subspecies. Thirteen pairs of InDel markers for identification of indica-japonica attributes were preliminarily selected in this study, which provided a molecular basis for avoiding the generation of untypical plants of abnormal heading.

  Maize Dwarf Mutant DN132610: Major Gene + Polygene Genetic Model and Genetic Effect Analysis ZHANG Ruifang, FENG Yunchao, YIN Qishi, ZHAO Wen, YANG Lian 2023, 39 (33):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0999 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 33 ) In order to cultivate dwarf maize varieties, six generations of population were obtained by crossing the cultivated material DN132610 and the mutant material DN132610-1 to explore the genetic characteristics of the mutant plant height. Six generation populations of P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2 were selected as test materials and joint analysis was conducted using plant quantitative trait segregation analysis software. The results revealed that the optimal genetic model for the dwarf mutant was E-1, which was a mixed genetic model with 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistasis master genes + additive-dominant polygenes. The additive effect values of both 2 pairs of master genes were -11.205 and dominant effect values were -28.303 and -15.840, respectively. The main gene heritability was 57.26% for B1, 30.06% for B2, 76.85% for F2, and 0%, 28.06% and 0% for polygenic heritability, respectively. The variation caused by environmental factors accounted for 42.74 %, 41.88 % and 23.15 %, respectively. The above experiments showed that the two pairs of genes controlling maize plant height were dominated by dominant effects with high heritability of the main gene. The heritability of B1 and F2 polygenes was 0% and maize plant height was influenced by the environment. There was a genetic and environmental interaction effect, which could be combined with environmental identification for early selection on plant height traits.

  Predication of Potential Distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda ( J. E. Smith) in Yunnan Province under Climate Change YUAN Yulin, LV Jianping, GAO Yixin, DENG Zhongjian, ZHANG Yuan 2023, 39 (33):  119-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0943 Abstract + ( 84 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2017KB )   ( 27 ) The study will provide scientific reference for agricultural sectors to carry out the prevention and control of Spodoptera frugiperda and policy-making. By systematically collecting the distribution points of S. frugiperda in Yunnan Province, combined with our field survey data, the potential distribution of S. frugiperda in Yunnan province was analyzed with the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software in combination with current and future climate of CMIP5. The results showed that the AUC value simulated by the model was 0.903, indicating that the MaxEnt model had high accuracy in simulating the potentially suitable area for S. frugiperda. The four most important environmental variables affecting S. frugiperda were average annual temperature, max temperature of the warmest month, altitude, and slope. In the current state, the total suitable area was 271200 km2, accounting for 68.83% of the total area of Yunnan Province. Under the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in 2050, the potential total suitable area would expand by 13.92% and 16.35%, respectively. Under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in 2070, the suitable area would expand by 16.65% and 16.25%, respectively, compared to the current level. Predictions based on future climate change showed that the potential suitable areas for S. frugiperda in Yunnan Province would be obviously expanded, and there was a trend of spreading to the high latitude and altitude areas. Our results suggest that the climate change may result in the risk of continuous spread and harm increasing. Therefore, more efforts should be made to study and control this invasive agricultural pest, and close attention should be paid to the development of S. frugiperda situation in the severely affected areas and new areas.

  Field Efficacy Evaluation of Broflanilide 100 g/L SC on Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize XIE Xianbiao, SHEN Yunfeng, MENG Jizhi, ZHAO Guoan, XIAO Wenxiang 2023, 39 (33):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0990 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 24 ) In order to further investigate the safety of a new insecticide broflanilide in maize, the control effect, duration, usage and dosage of the insecticide on Spodoptera frugiperda, so as to screen out different types of insecticides, and provide the basis for rational selection of insecticides in emergency prevention and control. Broflanilide 100 g/L SC was selected as the test agent, emamectin benzoate 5% ME and spinetoram 25% WG were selected as the control agents for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. The results showed that from the control effect, feeding hazard index, yield statistics and drug use, broflanilide 100 g/L SC 225 mL/hm2 and 300 mL/hm2 were more effective than emamectin benzoate 5% ME, and the control effect reached more than 60% after 21 days of the first and second application of pesticide; 21 days after the second application of pesticide, the injurious index of maize feeding could be controlled below grade 3, and the efficacy period could be maintained for 14-21 days without affecting the yield, which increased by 57.31%-59.02% compared with the control. Compared with spinetoram 25% WG, it could achieve the purpose of pesticide reduction. Two times of application could reduce the use of active ingredients of pesticides by 30-45 g/hm2. It is suggested to further expand the experimental demonstration and promotion in the actual production, and the pesticide dosage of broflanilide 10% SC of 225-300 mL/hm2 should be applied at an interval of 14-21 days to control Spodoptera frugiperda of maize, as the preferred agent to be used alternately with emamectin benzoate and spinetoram.

  Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Parasitism and Offspring Fitness of Aphidius ervi YANG Zeyuan, ZHANG Kexin, LIU Changzhong 2023, 39 (33):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0955 Abstract + ( 73 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 22 ) The objective of this paper was to study the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on parasitism and offspring fitness of Aphidius ervi. Aphidius ervi were continuously cultured three generations in artificial climate chamber at 24℃ and CO2 concentrations of 380 μL/L, 550 μL/L and 750 μL/L respectively. The results showed that the parasitism rate, eclosion rate, female proportion, and adult longevity of Aphidius ervi significantly decreased, while no significant effect on the developmental duration as the concentration of CO2 increases. The generation factor had also no significant effect on the developmental duration of the Aphidius ervi. Furthermore, the longevity of the Aphidius ervi significantly reduced as CO2 concentration increased. No significant differences in the parasitism rate, the eclosion rate, the female proportion, developmental duration, and adult longevity were observed between generations of the Aphidius ervi. Our results suggested that the parasitic effects of the Aphidius ervi was reduced by elevated CO2 levels. Therefore, it is speculated that the control effect of the Aphidius ervi on the pea aphid will decrease with the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration.

  Determination of Twelve Flavonoid Components in Scutellaria baicalensis by HPLC LI Ke, TIAN Yujie, TIAN Yuqing, LI Meixi, HAO Jinghong, YANG Liu 2023, 39 (33):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0934 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 26 ) The aim was to establish a method for the determination of twelve flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis. The HPLC method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm) with a detection wavelength of 280 nm and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a sample volume of 10 μL. The established extraction and chromatographic conditions were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis. The linearity of the twelve flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis was good in the mass concentration range (r>0.98), and the average spiked recoveries of scutellarin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, carthamidin, baicalin, luteolin, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, apigenin, baicalein, wogonin，chrysin and oroxylin A were 99.7214%, 92.7039%, 103.9755%, 100.5837%, 92.4819%, 93.2465%, 99.6387%, 104.3866%, 95.0767%, 95.3245%, 92.2161%, 95.3995% (RSD<5). A method for the determination of twelve flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis was established, which was easy to operate, reproducible and accurate.

  Nutritional Value of Native Fishes in the Shule River ZHAO Zhongmeng, ZHAO Han, WANG Xiongyan, KE Hongyu, ZHANG Lu, HUANG Zhipeng, DUAN Yuanliang, LI Huadong, WU Lixiao, LI Qiang 2023, 39 (33):  147-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1005 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 20 ) Shule River is one of the important inland rivers in Gansu Province. In order to develop the edible value of native fishes in Shule River, a comparative study was conducted on nutritional components, amino acid content, fatty acid content and nutritional quality of muscle in Gymnocypris chilianensis, Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis and Schizopygopsis pylzovi, and the muscle nutritional quality of G. chilianensis was compared with other fishes of Gymnocypris. The results showed that the contents of moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude fat in muscle of the three native fishes were different. The types and quantities of amino acids were consistent, the total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and nonessential amino acids in S. pylzovi muscle were higher than that of G. chilianensis and T. yarkandensis. According to the amino acid and chemistry score, the first limiting amino acid in all muscle samples was valine. All three species of native fish were rich in fatty acids, the contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in S. pylzovi muscle were significantly higher than that of G. chilianensis and T. yarkandensis (P<0.05). The comparison of muscle nutritional quality between G. chilianensis and other fishes of Gymnocypris showed that there were differences in general nutrients among the muscles, the types and quantities of amino acids of the three species of Gymnocypris were the same. The content of essential amino acids was the highest in the muscles of G. chilianensis, and more kinds of fatty acids were detected in the muscles of G. chilianensis. The results showed that the muscle of the three native fishes in Shule River was delicious, and they had higher edible value and nutritional value. G. chilianensis has the same nutritional value as G. eckloni and G. przewalskii, which has higher development value.

  Lignocellulose Separation and Utilization Based on Choline Chloride Eutectic Solvents: A Review LIU Jing, WANG Changmei, ZHAO Xingling, WU Kai, YIN Fang, YANG Hong, YANG Bin, LIANG Chengyue, ZHANG Wudi 2023, 39 (33):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0835 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 22 ) In order to remove the inherent complex resistance structure of lignocellulose and achieve efficient utilization of lignocellulose, new lignocellulosic pretreatment technologies have been improved continuously. As green solvents, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, thermal stability, and designability. They have great application potential in promoting the pretreatment of lignocellulose and enzymatic hydrolysis, and have received widespread attention. Based on the analysis and summary of the research status and achievements at home and abroad, the research progress of synthesis and properties of DESs, pretreatment mechanism, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bioethanol conversion were discussed. It was pointed out that different hydrogen bond donors and different pre-treatment conditions had a significant impact on the lignin removal rate and glucose yield. It was believed that pretreatment of lignocellulose with DESs could greatly improve the saccharification rate. Prospects for DESs pretreatment mechanism, recycling, and process parameter optimization were proposed.