Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake and Utilization in Continuous Cropping Cotton Fields

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0922

Abstract

Abstract:

The research aims to clarify the effects of nitrogen reduction and partial replacement of organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen distribution, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and cotton yield in continuous cropping cotton fields, and to provide theoretical basis for optimization of fertilization scheme based on the current situation of farmland. The experiment was conducted in 2021 in the continuous cropping cotton field in Erlian Farming trial field of Shihezi University. Eight treatments were set, including conventional nitrogen application rate (CF, 360 kg/hm²), reducing conventional nitrogen application rate by 8%, 16%, 24% (CF-8%, CF-16% and CF-24%), applying organic fertilizer to replace conventional nitrogen application rate by 8%, 16%, 24% (8%OF, 16%OF and 24%OF) and no fertilization (CK). The results showed that the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the accumulation of dry matter, yield composition and yield first increased and then decreased with the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer substitution. The utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of CF-16% were significantly higher than that of CF, and the yield increase rate reached 6.22%; except the number of bolls per plant, all indexes of organic fertilizer replacement treatment were significantly higher than that of CF, and the yield increase rate of 16% OF was the highest, which was 17.96%. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of CF-16% and CF-24% remained in the 0-60 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of CF, and the nitrate nitrogen content in 20-60 cm soil layer decreased significantly with the increase of organic fertilizer replacement ratio, in which the content of 16% OF 0-20 cm nitrate nitrogen and 24% OF 0-20 cm ammonium nitrogen increased significantly compared with CF. To sum up, the optimal nitrogen application rate of CF-16% showed the best performance; from the perspective of reducing nitrogen accumulation in deep soil and improving nitrogen utilization of cotton plants, 16% OF was the best replacement ratio of organic fertilizer.

Key words: replacement of organic fertilizer, cotton, continuous cropping, nitrogen distribution, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, yield

LUO Xuemei, CHEN Mingyuan, WANG Ningning, GUO Rui, LIU Jianguo. Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake and Utilization in Continuous Cropping Cotton Fields[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(33): 76-84.

Figures/Tables 9

References 32

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土层深度/cm	铵态氮/(mg/kg)	硝态氮/(mg/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	电导率/(μS/cm)
0~20	15.12	28.95	1.26	11.99	7.77	251.83
20~40	11.06	51.13	1.18	10.41	7.78	245.00
40~60	8.69	38.83	0.78	6.96	7.75	237.00

土层深度/cm	铵态氮/(mg/kg)	硝态氮/(mg/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	电导率/(μS/cm)
0~20	15.12	28.95	1.26	11.99	7.77	251.83
20~40	11.06	51.13	1.18	10.41	7.78	245.00
40~60	8.69	38.83	0.78	6.96	7.75	237.00

日期	蕾期			花铃期
日期	6月13日	6月21日	6月30日	7月7日	7月14日	7月21日	7月27日	8月5日	8月12日
N	10.7	12.2	7.6	7.0	13.9	13.9	13.9	13.9	7.0
P₂O₅	7.0	8.0	5.0	8.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	8.0
K₂O	7.0	8.0	5.0	8.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	8.0

日期	蕾期			花铃期
日期	6月13日	6月21日	6月30日	7月7日	7月14日	7月21日	7月27日	8月5日	8月12日
N	10.7	12.2	7.6	7.0	13.9	13.9	13.9	13.9	7.0
P₂O₅	7.0	8.0	5.0	8.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	8.0
K₂O	7.0	8.0	5.0	8.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	8.0

生育时期	处理	单株干物质量/(g/株)						干物质积累总量/ (kg/hm²)
生育时期	处理	茎	占比	叶	占比	生殖器官	占比	干物质积累总量/ (kg/hm²)
蕾期	CK	4.32 c	41.33%	5.70 d	54.50%	0.44 b	4.18%	2870.49
	CF	4.84 c	41.92%	6.23 cd	53.95%	0.48 b	4.13%	3172.55
	CF-8%	5.33 bc	44.81%	6.09 cd	51.16%	0.48 b	4.03%	3268.66
	CF-16%	5.34 bc	42.09%	6.78 bc	53.42%	0.57 ab	4.49%	3483.76
	CF-24%	4.80 c	41.43%	6.30 bcd	54.37%	0.49 b	4.20%	3183.53
	8%OF	6.19 ab	45.01%	6.91 bc	50.22%	0.66 a	4.77%	3776.67
	16%OF	6.73 a	43.29%	8.12 a	52.21%	0.70 a	4.50%	4269.02
	24%OF	6.22 ab	43.93%	7.27 ab	51.40%	0.66 a	4.66%	3885.59
花铃期	CK	10.76 d	38.52%	8.41 d	30.10%	8.77 d	31.38%	7673.24
	CF	16.44 c	34.57%	13.05 c	27.45%	18.06 c	37.98%	13058.15
	CF-8%	17.76 c	35.18%	13.07 c	25.89%	19.66 c	38.93%	13864.55
	CF-16%	17.43 c	34.35%	13.55 c	26.70%	19.76 c	38.95%	13934.12
	CF-24%	16.57 c	34.62%	13.09 c	27.35%	18.21 c	38.03%	13146.02
	8%OF	26.68 b	37.59%	21.22 b	29.90%	23.07 b	32.50%	19490.19
	16%OF	37.91 a	37.69%	26.78 a	26.63%	35.89 a	35.68%	27617.44
	24%OF	27.08 b	37.92%	21.04 b	29.47%	23.28 b	32.61%	19605.52
吐絮期	CK	10.29 d	47.09%	3.62 d	16.56%	7.95 f	36.35%	6002.76
	CF	16.08 c	42.27%	4.71 cd	12.39%	17.25 e	45.34%	10444.87
	CF-8%	16.07 c	40.24%	4.94 c	12.37%	18.93 d	47.39%	10966.61
	CF-16%	17.28 c	39.87%	7.20 b	16.61%	18.86 d	43.53%	11900.25
	CF-24%	16.12 c	42.25%	4.68 cd	12.26%	17.36 e	45.49%	10476.91
	8%OF	26.80 b	47.09%	8.26 ab	14.51%	21.86 c	38.41%	15627.49
	16%OF	34.86 a	45.03%	8.69 a	11.23%	33.87 a	43.75%	21262.28
	24%OF	26.77 b	46.41%	8.14 ab	14.10%	22.78 b	39.49%	15842.59