The Mechanism, Current Status and Prospects of Microbial Fertilizers

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0976

Abstract

Abstract:

As a low-cost and environmentally friendly new type of fertilizer, microbial fertilizers can effectively improve soil, increase fertility, increase crop yield, and reduce crop losses caused by pathogens, playing an important role in the national agricultural green development strategy. In this paper, we summarized the development status of microbial fertilizers in China in recent years, the classification and preservation of strains, and the mechanism of soluble and volatile secondary metabolites of plant growth promoting bacteria from the aspects of classification, product application and mechanism of microbial fertilizers, and analyzed the common problems faced by the development of microbial fertilizer industry. Finally, several suggestions for promoting the development of microbial fertilizers were put forward.

Key words: microbial fertilizers, plant growth promoting bacteria, nitrogen fixation, volatile organic compounds, agricultural sustainable development

ZHOU Meng, ZHANG Jiajun, LUO Yang. The Mechanism, Current Status and Prospects of Microbial Fertilizers[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(33): 68-75.

Figures/Tables 1

References 61

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产品类型		制备规则	菌种
菌剂类	根瘤菌剂	以根瘤菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	花生根瘤菌、大豆根瘤菌、紫云英根瘤菌、埃氏慢生根瘤菌、豌豆根瘤菌等
	固氮菌剂	以自生固氮菌和/或联合固氮菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	慢生根瘤菌、偶氮根瘤菌、雀稗固氮菌、巴西固氮螺菌、圆褐固氮菌、瓦恩兰德固氮菌、阴沟肠杆菌等
	溶磷菌剂	以溶磷微生物为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌、草生欧文氏菌变种、青霉属、柠檬酸杆菌、沙福芽孢杆菌等
	光合菌剂	以光合细菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	沼泽红假单胞菌、嗜酸红假单胞菌、类球红细菌、血红红假单胞菌、类球红细菌等
	硅酸盐细菌	以硅酸盐细菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	胶质芽孢杆菌、土壤芽孢杆菌、嗜酸氧化硫杆菌、邻单胞菌、阪崎肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等
	菌根菌剂	以菌根真菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	球孢囊霉门真菌、伊朗球囊霉、根内根孢囊霉等
	促生菌剂	以植物促生根圈微生物为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、荧光假单孢菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、伯克霍尔德菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌、木霉菌等
	有机物料腐熟菌剂	能加速各种有机物料（包括作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、生活垃圾及城市污泥等）分解、腐熟的微生物接种剂	多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、戊糖片球菌、米根霉、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、黑曲霉、白地霉、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热性侧孢霉、绿色木霉、温特曲霉、帚状曲霉、热紫链霉菌
	生物修复菌剂	能通过微生物的生长代谢活动，使环境中的有害物质浓度减少、毒性降低或无害化的微生物接种剂	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、米曲霉、黑曲霉、绿色木霉、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、弗氏链霉菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、阿氏芽孢杆菌、阿维菌素链霉菌、长枝木霉、淡紫拟青霉
菌肥类	复合微生物肥料	目的微生物经工业化生产增殖后与营养物质复合而成的活菌制品	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、细黄链霉菌、固氮类芽孢杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、短短芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、长枝木霉、蕈状芽孢杆菌、娄彻氏链霉菌、乳酸可鲁维酵母等
菌肥类	生物有机肥	目的微生物经工业化生产增殖后与主要以动植物残体（如畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等）为来源并经无害化处理的有机物料复合而成的活菌制品。	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、嗜酸乳杆菌、细黄链霉菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、光孢青霉、植物乳杆菌、嗜热性侧孢霉、干酪乳杆菌、绿色木霉、金龟子绿僵菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、长枝木霉等

产品类型		制备规则	菌种
菌剂类	根瘤菌剂	以根瘤菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	花生根瘤菌、大豆根瘤菌、紫云英根瘤菌、埃氏慢生根瘤菌、豌豆根瘤菌等
	固氮菌剂	以自生固氮菌和/或联合固氮菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	慢生根瘤菌、偶氮根瘤菌、雀稗固氮菌、巴西固氮螺菌、圆褐固氮菌、瓦恩兰德固氮菌、阴沟肠杆菌等
	溶磷菌剂	以溶磷微生物为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌、草生欧文氏菌变种、青霉属、柠檬酸杆菌、沙福芽孢杆菌等
	光合菌剂	以光合细菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	沼泽红假单胞菌、嗜酸红假单胞菌、类球红细菌、血红红假单胞菌、类球红细菌等
	硅酸盐细菌	以硅酸盐细菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	胶质芽孢杆菌、土壤芽孢杆菌、嗜酸氧化硫杆菌、邻单胞菌、阪崎肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等
	菌根菌剂	以菌根真菌为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	球孢囊霉门真菌、伊朗球囊霉、根内根孢囊霉等
	促生菌剂	以植物促生根圈微生物为生产菌种制成的微生物接种剂	解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、荧光假单孢菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、伯克霍尔德菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌、木霉菌等
	有机物料腐熟菌剂	能加速各种有机物料（包括作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、生活垃圾及城市污泥等）分解、腐熟的微生物接种剂	多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、戊糖片球菌、米根霉、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、黑曲霉、白地霉、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热性侧孢霉、绿色木霉、温特曲霉、帚状曲霉、热紫链霉菌
	生物修复菌剂	能通过微生物的生长代谢活动，使环境中的有害物质浓度减少、毒性降低或无害化的微生物接种剂	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、米曲霉、黑曲霉、绿色木霉、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、弗氏链霉菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、阿氏芽孢杆菌、阿维菌素链霉菌、长枝木霉、淡紫拟青霉
菌肥类	复合微生物肥料	目的微生物经工业化生产增殖后与营养物质复合而成的活菌制品	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、细黄链霉菌、固氮类芽孢杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、短短芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、长枝木霉、蕈状芽孢杆菌、娄彻氏链霉菌、乳酸可鲁维酵母等
菌肥类	生物有机肥	目的微生物经工业化生产增殖后与主要以动植物残体（如畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等）为来源并经无害化处理的有机物料复合而成的活菌制品。	枯草芽孢杆菌、胶冻样类芽孢杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、嗜酸乳杆菌、细黄链霉菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粉状毕赤酵母、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、光孢青霉、植物乳杆菌、嗜热性侧孢霉、干酪乳杆菌、绿色木霉、金龟子绿僵菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、长枝木霉等