Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.32 Published:15 November 2023

  Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat ZHAO Kai, HUANG Ling, FENG Weiying, SHAO Minmin, WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, ZHANG Yudan, YANG Benzhou, SUN Leiming, YAN Lu, WANG Lin 2023, 39 (32):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0083 Abstract + ( 170 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 127 ) In order to solve the actual problem of wheat yield due to the delayed sowing date in the southwest region of Shandong province, a two-factor fracture zone-test design was adopted from 2018 to 2020. Three sowing dates were set as October 18 (S1), 23 (S2) and 28 (S3); seeding rates were set as 2.70×106 plants/hm2 (D1) and 3.75×106 plants/hm2 (D2) in 2018. And in 2019, five sowing dates were set as October 22 (S4), 27 (S5), November 1 (S6), 6 (S7) and 11 (S8); seeding rates were set as 2.25×106 plants/hm2 (D3), 3.375×106 plants/hm2 (D4) and 4.50×106 plants/hm2 (D5). The effects of different sowing dates, seeding rates on tiller number and leaf ages before winter, tiller number and leaf ages in spring, plant height, spike length, yield and its components were studied. The results showed that under the same seeding rate with delayed sowing date, tiller number and leaf ages before winter, leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased, but tiller number in spring was increased. Under the same sowing date with increased seeding rates, tiller number and leaf ages before winter, tiller number and leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased. Sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on plant height, spike length, spike number, grain number and yield. Sowing date significantly affected the length of two internodes at the stem base, seeding rate extremely significantly affected 1000-grain weight. The interaction of sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on spike number and yield. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best sowing date was from October 18 to 23 with sowing amount of 3.75×106 plants/hm2 in the southwest region of Shandong. When sowing date was after November 1st, the corresponding suitable sowing amount was 4.50×106 plants/hm2 to achieve high yield.

  A Preliminary Study on Comparative Experiment of Starch Sweet Potato Varieties in Datian County XIAO Qingquan 2023, 39 (32):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0358 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 28 ) In order to select new varieties of high starch sweet potato suitable for planting in Datian County of Fujian Province, nine varieties including ‘Longshu 24’, ‘Quanshu 9’, ‘Quanshu 19’, ‘Pushu 12’, ‘Rongshu 910’, ‘Jishu 25’, ‘Shangshu 19’, ‘Fushu 604’ and ‘Fushu806’ were introduced for comparative study, ‘Xiangshu 75-55’ was the control. The growth characteristics, agronomic characters and yield performance of these varieties were obtained and analyzed in 2022. The results showed that the fresh and dry tuberous root yield, starch yield of ‘Jishu 25’, ‘Shangshu 19’, ‘Quanshu 9’, and ‘Fushu 604’ were significantly higher than that of ‘Xiangshu 75-55’. These four varieties also had the characteristics of strong growth potential, fast ridge closure and excellent edible quality. These four sweet potato varieties could be promoted as starch varieties in Datian County.

  Mannanase Gene in Lactobacillus casei HDS-01: Heterologous Expression and Functional Verification YANG Ruoxi, ZHANG Xin, ZHAO Dan 2023, 39 (32):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0276 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1668KB )   ( 22 ) In order to realize heterologous expression of mannanase and verify its functions, the mannanase-producing Lactobacillus casei HDS-01 was used as the test strain in this study. The M1 predicted to be mannosidase was expressed in Escherichia coli. M1 gene engineering strains were constructed using pET-28a as the vector and E. coli BL21 (DE3) as the host. The recombinant protein was purified and the degradation function of mannan was verified. The results indicated that the recombinant protein M1 existed as inclusion body during expression. After purification by Ni affinity chromatography, the size of the protein was 98 kDa. After renaturation, mannanase activity and protein concentration were 19.24±0.55 U/mL and 0.51±0.01 mg/mL, respectively. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the degradation product of Konjac powder. The concentration of mannotriose or tetrasaccharide was significantly higher in the first 3 hours, and mannose and mannobiose gradually increased as the reaction progressing. This study laid the foundation for the direct application of mannanase-producing lactic acid bacteria in food-grade field and provided the basis for the selective modification of mannanase in lactic acid bacteria.

  Research Progress of Zinc Homeostasis Related Genes and Molecular Mechanism in Rice LI Rongtian, LI Shuangyuyan, MENG Lijun, LIU Changhua, ZHAN Junhui 2023, 39 (32):  22-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0891 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 22 ) Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for animals and plants. Zinc deficiency or excess can seriously affect the growth and development of rice. Maintaining zinc content in rice at a certain level is helpful to improve the yield and quality of rice, increase the zinc content in grain, and solve the current problem of zinc deficiency in human body to a certain extent. Therefore, it is important to understand Zn uptake, transport, distribution, and other molecular mechanisms regulating Zn homeostasis in rice. In this review, we briefly summarized the importance of zinc in plants, especially the ion transporters in rice and the molecular mechanisms. The roles of these ion transporters in the uptake of Zn from soil, the transport from root to shoot, and the distribution of Zn to various parts of rice were summarized. Some molecular mechanisms related to ion transporters were also summarized. This study provides reference for the mining of zinc homeostasis regulatory genes in rice, the study of molecular mechanism, and the creation of high zinc rice germplasm.

  Research Progress on the Extraction and Bioactivity of Flaxseed Lignan JIANG Zhongjuan, YUAN Hongmei, SUN Yan 2023, 39 (32):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0434 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 22 ) Lignan is considered one of the most important bio-active components in flaxseed, and has attracted attention in recent years because of the efficacies of anti-cancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, diabetes prevention and cardiovascular system protection. In order to make a better understanding of the exploitation and utilization of flaxseed lignan, based on the domestic and foreign literature reviews, this article mainly reviewed the research progress on the extraction technology and biological activity application of flaxseed lignan. The effective extraction of lignan from flaxseed is the basis of bioactivity research. Different extraction processes can not only cause the difference in the extraction rate of lignan, but also affect its biological activity. This article summarizes some commonly used extraction methods for flaxseed lignan, including organic solvent extraction, subcritical water extraction and microbial fermentation. At the same time, the application of bioactivities is summed up and the research progress of lignan in the pharmaceutical field is emphasized. This article proposes prospects for the future research direction of flaxseed lignan, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development and application of flaxseed lignan in the fields of medical industry and health industry.

  Study on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Nickel by Biochar Prepared from Three Kinds of Bran CHEN Hongsen, HONG Ciqing, MO Wenjing, CAI Xinkai, GUI Fangze, GUAN Xiong, PAN Xiaohong 2023, 39 (32):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0228 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1845KB )   ( 19 ) In order to explore the treatment of heavy metal nickel and the excessive waste of bran resources, this study used Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, agaricus mushroom bran and shiitake mushroom bran as raw materials to prepare biochar (PEBC, PGBC and LEBC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and surface area measurement (BET) were applied to characterize their structure. Zeta potential was determined to explore the adsorption mechanism, and the adsorption effect of three kinds of bran biochar on nickel was compared by adsorption experiments. The results showed that all three kinds of bran biochar had irregular pores and more mineral crystals attached to the surface. In general, PEBC had the best adsorption effect with a removal rate of more than 99% and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity reaching 122.89 mg/g. In this study, waste bran was used to explore the treatment of heavy metal nickel, which proved that it had a broad application prospect in the treatment of heavy metal nickel in water pollution based on the resource utilization of bran.

  Reproductive Phenology and Influencing Factors of Seed Germination of Extremely Small Populations of Betula fujianensis CHEN Aiping 2023, 39 (32):  47-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0972 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 4240KB )   ( 25 ) In order to understand the biological characteristics and seedling breeding condition of extremely small populations of Betula fujianensis, natural forests of Betula fujianensis in Luobuyan Natural Reserve of Sanming in Fujian Province were taken as the study area, and the reproductive phenology of Betula fujianensis were observed for 3 years. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Betula fujianensis seeds at different harvest time under different environmental conditions were studied to obtain the best harvest time of Betula fujianensis, and to provide a theoretical basis for population expanding propagation and immigration protection. The results are as follows. (1) Betula fujianensis is monoecious and heterogamy deciduous species with an annual leaf growth cycle about 240 days. Its male inflorescence growth cycle is as long as 310 days, while the female inflorescence grows more shortly, within 60 days from germination to abscission, and the fruit cluster maturity stage is about 7 days. (2) The seeds harvesting time has significantly effects on seed quality and germination rate of Betula fujianensis. Being soaked for 5 hours at room temperature is beneficial to improve the germination rate of seeds harvested at mid-maturity stage (April 30). (3) The germination rate of seeds under cold storage for 2 months is significantly higher than that under room temperature storage and frozen storage. The seeds of Betula fujianensis are unsuitable to be preserved at room temperature, and should be sowed with mining or stored in cold or frozen conditions for a short time. (4) The mixture of sand and red soil by 3:1 is the most suitable substrate for Betula fujianensis seeding bed. The quality and germination rate of Betula fujianensis seeds are affected by harvest time, and the survival rate of seedlings is greatly affected by soaking treatment and substrate condition.

  Four Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle Varieties: Pigment Composition and Distribution of Leaves at Different Positions ZHENG Conghui, XU Zhenhua, WANG Yuzhong, ZHANG Manman, DU Kejiu, LI Xiangjun, LIU Chunpeng 2023, 39 (32):  56-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0912 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2685KB )   ( 30 ) To reveal the physiological mechanism of leaf color change at different leaf positions in Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle and provide reference for the breeding and promotion of different Ailanthus varieties, one-year-old clonal seedlings of four varieties of Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle, ‘Zhaoyang’, ‘Qianhong’, ‘Putong’ and ‘Liaohong’, were taken as materials. Leaf pigment content and color parameters were measured separately at five leaf positions with obvious color change, and the leaf epidermis and transverse sections were observed as well. For each variety, the content of total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves showed significant increasing trends as the leaf position decreased (P<0.05), while the content of anthocyanin (Ant) and the pigment ratios (i.e., Car:Chl and Ant:Chl) showed significant decreasing trends (P<0.05), and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (Chla:Chlb) showed an increasing trend. For each leaf position, ‘Putong’ and ‘Qianhong’ had a higher content of Chl and Car, ‘Qianhong’ had the highest content of Ant, ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Qianhong’ had higher Ant:Chl, and ‘Zhaoyang’ had the highest Car:Chl and Chla:Chlb. The thickness of mesophyll (LM) and palisade tissue (PT) of each variety increased with the decrease of the leaf position (P<0.05), and LM and PT of ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Liaohong’ were relatively high at each leaf position. ‘Zhaoyang’ had the highest value of leaf lightness (L*), leaf chromatic component (b*) and leaf chroma (C*) at each leaf position among the four varieties, and all the maximum values were observed at the leaf position 4. ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Qianhong’ had high leaf chromatic component (a*) at each leaf position, and the highest value was found at the leaf position 1. The color of leaf glandular hair and the color of leaf transverse section varied with the variety and leaf position. The palisade tissue of the upper leaves of ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Liaohong’ had a double layer of cells, while the lower leaves of ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Liaohong’ and the leaves at all positions of ‘Qianhong’ and ‘Putong’ had the palisade tissue with monolayer cellular structure. The pigment type and distribution were the direct reasons for the leaf color difference of Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle. The high anthocyanin content at the upper leaf positions and the low total chlorophyll content at all leaf positions of ‘Zhaoyang’ were the direct reasons for the formation of its colorful leaves. Anthocyanin was the key pigment for the red leaves of ‘Qianhong’ and ‘Liaohong’. Among the four varieties, the brightness, yellowness and chroma of leaves of ‘Zhaoyang’ were remarkable for viewing, and the leaf position 4 and 5 had the best ornamental quality. The redness of ‘Zhaoyang’ and ‘Qianhong’ were highly remarkable, with the leaf position 1 being the optimal.

  Comprehensive Evaluation on Young Stand of Half-sib Families of Catalpa bungei from Enshi HUANG Guowei, MA Linjiang, PENG Chan, CHEN Huiling, LI Zhenfang, ZHANG Xinye 2023, 39 (32):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0888 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 19 ) In order to compare the performance difference of young stand of half-sib families of Catalpa bungei in Enshi, the seedlings bred with natural Catalpa bungei seeds collected in Enshi were used as materials for afforestation. By measuring the growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic characteristics of different half-sib families, the fuzzy function was used to comprehensively evaluate the difference among these half-sib families. The results showed that the difference in diameter at breast height (DBH) among different families did not reach a significant level (P>0.05), while the difference in tree height reached a significant level (P<0.05), which was mainly related to the excessive planting density. The difference in leaf chlorophyll content among different families reached a highly significant level (P<0.01). Different families showed different light intensity adaptability. The light saturation point of ‘No. 7’ and ‘No. 54’ families both exceeded 1700 μmol/(m2·s), and they had good adaptability to strong light; the maximum net photosynthetic rate of ‘No. 8’ family reached 23.24 μmol/(m2·s), with great photosynthetic potential; ‘No. 11’ and ‘No. 8’ families had relatively good low light adaptability; and ‘No. 7’ and ‘No. 8’ families had relatively high dark respiration rate and active metabolism. Tree height, leaf chlorophyll content, light saturation point, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point and dark respiration rate were all positively correlated with DBH. The comprehensive evaluation ranking of the families was ‘No. 8’> ‘No. 54’> ‘No. 9’>‘No. 7’ > ‘No. 12’>‘No. 11’, and ‘No. 8’family had a great potential for breeding.

  Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Seedling Container from Camphor Processing Residue by Hot Pressing HE Lei, HUANG Hui, GUO Jie, DENG Tao, FAN Xiaodong, CHEN Ling, YONG Cheng, HUANG Hongying, SUN Enhui 2023, 39 (32):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0938 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1557KB )   ( 16 ) In order to broaden the way of high value utilization of camphor processing residues, seedling containers were optimally prepared by hot press molding process, using camphor processing residues as reinforcing material and urea-formaldehyde (UF) prepolymer and starch adhesive (SA) as binder. The effects of seedling container formability, breakage resistance and molding ratio on the performance of seedling containers were studied. When the ratio of UF and SA was 3:7, the molding ability of seedling container was greater than 95%, and the anti-breakage rate was 1.71%±0.06%. When the ratio of WA to ST was 5:5, the molding ability of seedling container was more than 90%, and the anti-breakage rate was 1.69%±0.04%. Under the conditions of 22 MPa pressure, 120℃ temperature, no exhaust and holding pressure for 5.5 min, the tensile strength and expansion rate of seedling container are the best.

  The Effect of Five Fertilizers on the Growth Characters and Yield of Sweet Potato ZHANG Xiaoshen, ZHANG Lipeng, WANG Wei, HUANG Songbo, CAO Hui, ZUO Hongjuan 2023, 39 (32):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0385 Abstract + ( 110 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 35 ) To study the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of sweet potato, the effects of five fertilizers on the main agronomic, yield and quality traits of sweet potato ‘Pushu 32’ and ‘Shangshu 19’ were studied, and correlation analysis and principal component comprehensive evaluation were conducted. The results showed that the correlation analysis of agronomic traits of ‘Shangshu 19’ showed a highly significant positive correlation between yield and branch number per plant, and a significant positive correlation with the longest vine length, number of tubers per plant, commodity rate, dry matter rate and taste; the correlation analysis of the main agronomic traits of ‘Pushu 32’ showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between yield and taste, branch number per plant, and dry matter rate; the principal component analysis results of different fertilizers for ‘Shangshu 19’and ‘Pushu 32’ were consistent, indicating that 600 kg/hm2 of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a N: P: K ratio of 10:10:23 and 750 kg/hm2 of biological bacterial fertilizer as the base fertilizer were the most suitable for the growth of sweet potato ‘Shangshu 19’ and ‘Pushu 32’, with good growth traits, highest yield and best quality.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Phosphatase Activity in Farmland Black Soil under Condition of Deep Burial of Straw LV Xuemei, XU Sisi, WANG Yao, CHEN Yimin, SUI Yueyu, JIAO Xiaoguang 2023, 39 (32):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0919 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 20 ) Straw return is an important agricultural measure to regulate soil fertility, which can affect soil enzyme activity. To investigate the effect of straw deep burial on soil phosphatase activity and soil phosphorus under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, this study used a split-zone experimental design with agricultural black soil as the research object. No straw and straw deep burial were set as the main factors, and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (pure N, 0, 135, 180, 225 kg/hm2) were used as secondary factors to determine phosphatase activity and soil total phosphorus and effective phosphorus contents. The results showed that (1) soil phosphatase activity increased and then decreased with the extension of maize growth period, reaching the highest level at the elongation stage and decreasing to the lowest level at the harvesting stage. Compared with the straw-free treatment, the straw deep burial treatment significantly increased the activity of soil phosphatase (P<0.05), and the phosphatase activity showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application, and the highest phosphatase activity was 344.66 mg/(g·24 h) at 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application; (2) compared with the straw-free treatment, the straw deep burial treatment increased the content of total phosphorus and effective phosphorus, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The trend of effective phosphorus content in all treatments was the same, increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of N application. The highest content of effective phosphorus reached at 102.17 mg/kg under the straw deep burial treatment at 180 kg/hm2 of N application; (3) correlation analysis showed that soil phosphatase activity had a highly significant positive correlation with soil effective phosphorus content (P<0.01), and did not reach a significant level of difference with soil total phosphorus content (P>0.05). In conclusion, the phosphatase activity and effective phosphorus content of soil were highest when straw was buried deeply in N180 treatment.

  Effect of Quota-based Fertilization on Soil and Ecological Environment: Research Progress YANG Dong, LIU Xiaoxia, CHEN Hongjin, YU Yijun 2023, 39 (32):  91-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0384 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 18 ) Quota-based fertilization is a crucial measure for improving soil quality and ensuring food security. Under the policy backdrop of reducing fertilizer usage and promoting agricultural green development, the systematic exploration of the impact and inherent regulatory mechanisms of quota-based fertilization on soil and the ecological environment, as well as the summary of key technologies for protecting and enhancing cultivated land quality, can contribute to an objective evaluation and comprehensive understanding of the significant role of quota-based fertilization in improving cultivated land quality. This article reviewed the connotation and policy evolution of quota-based fertilization, along with its technological innovations. It also summarized the effects and regulatory mechanisms of quota-based fertilization on key indicators of soil quality, discussed how to enhance soil quality through quota-based fertilization measures, and proposed future research priorities for quota-based fertilization in soil quality protection, to provide references for further promoting the improvement of cultivated land quality at a deeper level.

  Carbon Footprint and Characteristics of Farmland Ecosystem in Yunnan Province KUANG Xueqin, XIE Bin, LI Yunchun, LI Jing 2023, 39 (32):  99-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0973 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 29 ) Based on the “Provincial Greenhouse Gas Preparation Guidelines (Trial)”, the characteristics of carbon emission equivalents, carbon sinks and carbon footprints of farmland ecosystems in Yunnan Province in 2008 to 2020 were studied, and the main measures for reducing carbon sequestration in future agricultural development were proposed. Based on the data related to production inputs and crop yields in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020, the carbon footprint analysis method was applied to systematically analyze the carbon emissions and carbon sequestration of farmland ecosystems in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the small amount of greenhouse gas emissions such as CH4 and N2O from farmland ecosystems should not be ignored, and the direct carbon emissions, carbon equivalent emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon equivalent emissions of methane from farmland ecosystems became the three most important factors of greenhouse gas emissions from farmland. On the other hand, the carbon equivalent emissions of greenhouse gases in Yunnan Province increased year by year from 2008 to 2017, and then showed a decreasing trend year by year. The carbon equivalent emission intensity showed fluctuating changes, among which straw burning, fertilizer degradation and diesel combustion were the main direct carbon emission sources, and N2O and CH4 were the main carbon equivalent emission sources; the carbon absorption intensity showed fluctuating changes, and the carbon absorption of maize and sugarcane were much higher than that of other crops, which was the main source of carbon sequestration; vegetables and melons had certain potential to increase sinks, and crops had a tendency to change from food crops to cash crops; the carbon footprint showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and was basically positively correlated with the trend of carbon emission equivalent. The average annual growth rate of carbon emission equivalent and carbon sequestration of agricultural ecosystem in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020 was 0.98% and 1.78%, respectively. The carbon footprint had not yet reached the limit of regional ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological carbon surplus had improved from 2017 to 2020, but the current ecological carbon surplus situation was still more severe. Finally, it is concluded that straw recycling, precise fertilization and the development of low carbon and high yield seed industry will be the main measures to control agricultural carbon emissions in Yunnan Province in the future.

  Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Ecological Net Primary Productivity and Climate Response in Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Group QU Xuebin, JIANG Fengyou, GAO Shaoxin, XIN Xiaofei 2023, 39 (32):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0903 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2208KB )   ( 31 ) To provide technical reference for the carbon source / sink analysis of farmland ecosystem, the ecological net primary productivity (Net ecosystem productivity, NEP) of Farm of Agricultural Reclamation Group in Hulun Buir was evaluated from 2001 to 2021. The NEP of various farms was studied based on remote sensing and meteorological data. The change trend and the response to climate of NEP were analyzed by using Sen trend line analysis method, Hurst index, coefficient of variation method and partial correlation analysis method. The results showed that the annual average NEP of Hulun Buir was 221.1 g C/(m·a), decreasing to the both sides of the Daxing'an Mountains. There was extremely significant increase of NEP during the study period. However, the results of Hurst index analysis showed that NEP changes of most farms of Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Group were negatively associated with previous, namely decreasing trend in the future. The correlation between the NEP of Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Group and precipitation was significant positive, but insignificant with temperature. It is suggested that Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Group should strengthen the promotion of farming methods with high carbon fixation capacity to prevent the decline of carbon fixation capacity of farmland ecosystem, and strengthen the construction of agricultural irrigation and weather modification capacity to reduce the risk and impact of farmland drought disasters.

  Potential Distribution Prediction of Two Species of Dracocephalum L. Under Future Climate Change Based on MaxEnt Model SHI Ningrui, ZHU Zhu, WANG Yanli 2023, 39 (32):  115-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0874 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2478KB )   ( 31 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific protection and utilization of Dracocephalum L., the dominant environmental factors that limit the survivability of Dracocephalum L. were discussed and the potential distribution areas of them under different climatic environments were simulated. Based on the information of geographical distribution and environmental factors of Dracocephalum tanguticum and Dracocephalum heterophyllum which have highly medicinal value, the dominant environmental factors were analyzed by the MaxEnt model of these two species, and the suitable growth areas for them under current and future climate were predicted. The results showed that altitude was the key environmental factor affecting the distribution of the two species, with the contribution rates of 51.4% and 73.7%, respectively. The most suitable ranges for the distribution of the two species were 3028.63~4414.68 m and 2940.13~4703.83 m. The percentages of the suitable areas of the two species were 10.27% and 26.57% in China under current climate environment, and the medium-high suitable area were mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and other provinces. It was predicted that the distribution of the two species would migrate to the high-altitude areas in the future, and the highly suitable areas would still be mainly around the Himalayas, Qinghai Lake, and the mountainous zone of junction of Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan provinces. Therefore, the prediction of the effects of climate change on the distribution of the two species of Dracocephalum L. is helpful to provide reference for the division of plant reserve and the selection of artificial planting sites in the future, so as to protect plant germplasm resources and achieve the purpose of sustainable development.

  Impact of Climate on Agricultural Production in Tibet in 2022 PUBU Duoji, SHI Jiqing, ZHANG Dongdong, ZHOU Kanshe 2023, 39 (32):  124-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0179 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 47 ) Through statistics and analysis of the trend and characteristics of climate change in Tibet, we analyze the average temperature, precipitation, sunshine, seasonal climate characteristics and their impact on agricultural production in Tibet in 2022. The study concludes that in 2022, the average temperature was high, precipitation was low, and sunshine hours were high. Through the analysis of meteorological conditions during the reproductive period of major crops, it is concluded that the transpiration of farmland soil is intensified, the moisture content decreases rapidly, and the seedling growth is weak in general, which affects the total grain output. In general, meteorological conditions have both advantages and disadvantages on agricultural production, and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. In order to safeguard the quality of agricultural meteorological services, ensure food security, and grasp the meteorological guarantee services for the future grain return to the warehouse, the meteorological service recommendations for agricultural production are put forward to provide a scientific basis for agricultural production and disaster prevention and mitigation in Tibet.

  Analysis of Phenological Period and Meteorological Conditions of Pistachio vera. L in Shufu County of Xinjiang Maihebureti·MAIMAITI 2023, 39 (32):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0904 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 32 ) Using the meteorological observation data from 1987 to 2022 of Kashi National Reference Climate Station and the growth data of Pistacia vera phenology and temperature in the same period in Shufu County, the suitable planting area of Pistacia vera in Shufu County was analyzed by using the correlation and regression analysis. And through analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of frost in spring, frost damage in winter, high temperature stress in summer during the Pistacia vera growing time, the meteorological disasters that affecting Pistacia vera growth were determined. The results showed that the growth period of Pistacia vera from bud germination to dormancy was about 270 d in Shufu County, the average temperature increase from late February to mid-April was 0.8-1.2℃/10 a, and the bud swelling, bud opening, leaf spreading and flowering stage advanced 4.5, 5.9 and 4.6 d/10 a, respectively, indicating that the climatic warming advanced the spring phenology of Pistacia vera in Shufu County. We should pay attention to the diseases caused by overwinter, high temperature and humidity.

  Influence of Climate Change on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Effective Accumulated Temperature in Shanxi Province HOU Qi, LI Shuai, ZHAO Yujie, CUI Guangshu 2023, 39 (32):  138-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0852 Abstract + ( 258 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 3521KB )   ( 66 ) To understand the impact of climate change on crop planting in Shanxi Province, based on the temperature grid data from 1961 to 2016, this paper used Mann-Kendall trend/mutation test, coefficient of variation and multiple regression interpolation method to analyze the effective accumulated temperature ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: (1) the effective accumulated temperature of both ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed obvious increasing trends in time distribution, and the effective accumulated temperature increased rapidly in northern Shanxi Province and the valleys and basins with low terrain, and the spatial distribution was zonal from northeast to southwest. (2) The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed decreasing trends from south to north in spatial distribution, and its spatial distribution was greatly affected by altitude. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ had a larger distribution area in the accumulated temperature range suitable for crop growth, and was more suitable for cold-loving crop cultivation in most areas. (3) The effective accumulated temperature was abruptly changed in 1997, after the change, the northern boundary of accumulated temperature moved to high latitude and high altitude areas. (4) The effective accumulated temperature initial date was mostly advanced, and the end date tended to be delayed. The duration of effective accumulated temperature was extended, and this trend was more obvious in the south of Shanxi Province, valleys and basins. The coefficient of variation of the effective accumulated temperature start date increased from northeast to southwest, and the rate of variation of the initial date of Fenhe Valley was large; the coefficient of variation of the end date was smaller and the distribution was more stable.

  Control Effects of Different Chemicals on Underground Pests of Sweet Potato ZUO Hongjuan, CAO Hui, HUANG Songbo, ZHANG Lipeng, WANG Wei, ZHANG Xiaoshen 2023, 39 (32):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0450 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1083KB )   ( 39 ) In order to study the effect of different application rates (60kg/hm2, 75kg/hm2, 90kg/hm2) of thiamethylamine, Metarhizium anisoplariae, phoxium phoxium, Beauveria bassiana and other agents on the control of underground pests of sweet potato, the sweet potato ‘Yanshu 25’ was used as the test material and suitable insecticides and application dosage of underground sweet potato pests were screened in Zhengzhou and Hebi of Henan Province. The results showed that the control effects of the four agents were similar in Zhengzhou and Hebi. The suitable chemical agent was 0.5% thianidin 90 kg/hm2, the highest control effect and commercial rate were 86.67% and 92.63%, and the yield of fresh potato increased by 14.95% compared with the control. The application amount of Metarhizium anisopliae 200 million/g was 75 kg/hm2, and the control effect was good, the highest control effect and commercial rate were 77.85% and 91.45%, and the yield of fresh potato increased by 9.52% compared with control. The control effect of Beauveria bassiana 15 billion/g and 75 kg/hm2 was better, the highest control effect and commercial rate were 78.03% and 91.76%, and the highest yield increase of fresh potato was 10.86% compared with control. The chemical clothianidin and the biological agents Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have good control effect on the underground pest of ‘Yanshu 25’, which are suitable for demonstration and popularization in sweet potato planting.

  Alternative Splicing Events in Pituitary and Hypothalamus of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens with Different Egg Production Levels: Analysis Based on RNA-Seq Technology MA Zhiyong, LI Meicheng, MA Wei, WANG Chunqiang 2023, 39 (32):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0884 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 11 ) In recent years, there have been great differences in the number of eggs laid by individuals of Zhuanghe Dagu chickens. Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic genes, but there is no research on the correlation between AS and egg production in avian pituitary and hypothalamus. Based on RNA-Seq technology, this experiment analyzed the AS events of Zhuanghe Dagu chickens. The results showed that 769 and 813 differential AS events were detected in the pituitary and hypothalamic libraries, respectively. Five types of AS events were identified in both libraries (pituitary, hypothalamus), with the highest proportion of exon skipping (SE) and the lowest proportion of alternative 5' splice site (A5SS); NRCAM, SLMAP and CIB1 gene had a higher frequency of AS; 644 and 680 differentially spliced genes (DSGs) were screened from the two tissue libraries, respectively, with the highest proportion of SE and the lowest proportion of A5SS. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis annotated 329 and 337 DSGs, respectively; RT-PCR detection found that ESR1 was present in different AS events; a total of 6758 new transcripts were obtained from 12 libraries, and 12486 gene were optimized. The findings not only expand the understanding of AS events in poultry pituitary and hypothalamic tissues, but also provide new ideas for improving chicken egg production in research and production.

  Study on the Effect of Earthworm Treatment on Cattle Manure WAN Haixia, XU Hao, GUO Yongzhong, HAN Xinsheng, XIAN Hailong 2023, 39 (32):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1017 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 40 ) In order to solve the environmental sanitation and soil pollution caused by livestock manure in southern Ningxia, this study used “Daping 2” earthworm to treat cattle manure, and then explored the effect of earthworms feeding on mixture of cattle manure and corn stalk in different proportions by laboratory measurements. The results showed that vermicompost was loose, had distinct granular structure and no bad smell. The average bulk density of vermicompost was 0.39 g/cm3. The average total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were 85.85%, 62.86% and 22.99%, respectively. The air permeability and water permeability of vermicompost were obviously improved. Total water soluble salt and pH decreased, and their properties tended to be neutral. Compared with fresh cattle manure, contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium and C/N decreased by 62.6%-69.8%, 41.1%-49.0%, 20.7%-33.2%, 34.3%-47.8% respectively, while content of total phosphorus increased by 1.3-2.0 times. Adding appropriate amount of corn stalk helped to improve the quality of vermicompost organic fertilizer. Earthworm treatment accelerated the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and acid detergent ligninin of cattle manure, their contents decreased by 74.0%-77.5%, 65.6%-83.1% and 5.2%-16.3% respectively. The removal efficiency of Cu, Zn by the treatment was better than that of Pb and Cr. The conversion efficiency of cattle manure by earthworms was 43.42%-65.15%, and the conversion efficiency could be improved by adding corn stalk. Local farmers can use earthworms to transform livestock and poultry manure such as cattle dung, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of manure and reduce environmental pollution.