Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.31 Published:05 November 2023

  Experimental Study on Belt Type of Soybean Maize Compound Planting in Jalaid Banner, Inner Mongolia WANG Xinran, HUANG Chao, YANG Yuhui, LIU Fuwei 2023, 39 (31):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0405 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 55 ) The purpose of this paper is to explore the most suitable belt type of soybean corn composite planting in Jalaid Banner area, and analyze the advantages and economic benefits of four models of soybean corn belt composite planting. The belt designs of 2:2 mode, 4:4 mode, 6:4 mode and 4:2 mode of soybean corn belt composite planting had been set up in Wudaohezi Village, Haolibao Town, Jalaid Banner Science and Technology Demonstration Zone from 2019 to 2022. The soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of plants per hectare. Through economic benefit analysis, compared with single planting corn, the 4:4 mode had a maximum income increase of 246.9 yuan per hectare; compared with single soybean, the 4:2 mode had a maximum increase of 11707.65 yuan per hectare in income. From the field performance, the lodging of soybean in 2:2 mode was relatively heavy, which was not suitable for mechanized operation. The 4:4 mode was matched with the existing agricultural machinery, which was conducive to mechanized operation. Various belt types of corn belt did not reach the ideal density, and the density of soybean belt was high, which had a certain impact on the test results. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the most suitable soybean corn composite planting mode for promotion in Jalaid Banner is the 4:2 mode.

  Research Progress and Future Prospect of Biological Breeding of Sugar Beet ZHANG Yu, PI Zhi, LI Shengnan, WU Zedong 2023, 39 (31):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0156 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 86 ) Sugar beet is one of the major sugar crops in the world, and it has high sugar yield and good economic value. It is an indispensable crop to solve the problem of sugar security in China and one of the crops with very successful heterosis utilization. In order to rapidly select sugar beet varieties with high yield, high sugar and strong stress resistance, sugar beet breeding is gradually developing from conventional breeding to biological breeding, and biological breeding will be the future direction of sugar beet breeding. In this paper, the biological breeding methods of sugar beet that have been applied in recent years were summarized, including molecular marker technology, haploid induction technology, genetic engineering, cell engineering and omics technology, the future development of beet biological breeding was also prospected.

  A Comparative Study on Under-film Transplanting Methods of Throwing Young Tobacco Seedlings in Clear Water and Conventional Method: Analysis from the Perspectives of Growth and Cost LI Pengfei, ZHU Yanmei, XU Tianyang, YIN Honghui, DAI Jue, ZHANG Chuanshu, YANG Min, SONG Guohui 2023, 39 (31):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0354 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1458KB )   ( 30 ) To reduce labor intensity, improve transplanting efficiency, and lower transplanting costs of flue-cured tobacco, a new under-film transplanting method of throwing young tobacco seedlings in clear water was compared with the conventional method. The effects of the two transplanting methods on the survival rate of seedlings, plant growth and development, transplanting cost, and output value of tobacco leaves were evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference between under-film transplanting of throwing young tobacco seedlings in clear water and conventional transplanting in terms of plant survival rate, agronomic traits, amount of dry matter, root-shoot ratio, and leaf value. Throwing seedlings in clear water increased the seedling utilization rate by 7.38%-7.40%, and decreased the transplanting cost by 1370.25-1443.30 yuan/hm2, with a reduction range of 33.62%-40.74%. Throwing seedlings in clear water is an effective transplanting technique with the advantages of high efficiency, high survival rate, labor saving, and cost reduction. It can ensure the stable output value of tobacco and has good potential for application in the tobacco-growing areas where young tobacco seedlings are transplanted under film.

  Suitable Harvest Maturity of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in High-altitude Rainy Tobacco Area in Xuanwei LI Xiancai, CAI Xianjie, DENG Tao, WEI Qili, WU Shujun, XU Tianpeng, ZHANG Yanfei, MA Aiguo, PAN Yihong, YAN Ding 2023, 39 (31):  19-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0895 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 63 ) In order to explore the appropriate harvesting maturity of the middle and upper tobacco leaves of three flue-cured tobacco varieties in the high-altitude rainy tobacco area of Xuanwei, Yunnan Province, three harvest maturity levels were set to study their effects on economic benefits, appearance quality, physical characteristics, intrinsic chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco through the field plot experiment. The results showed that the comprehensive quality of ‘Yunyan 301’ and ‘Zhongchuan 208’ tobacco leaves increased with the delay of harvest time. In terms of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves, the stalk percentage decreased, leaf surface density and tension resistance increased. In terms of appearance quality, the color of central tobacco leaves was slightly lighter, and the nicotine content of tobacco leaves decreased. With the increase of harvest maturity, the comprehensive quality of ‘Yunyan 105’ increased first and then decreased. The economic benefit of each variety increased first and then decreased with the delay of harvest time. In general, the middle leaves of ‘Zhongchuan 208’ and ‘Yunyan 301’ can be harvested when they are ripe in the field, while the upper tobacco leaves should be harvested when the fresh tobacco leaves in the field reach the sub-ripe standard, while ‘Yunyan 105’ can be harvested when they are ripe in the field.

  Appearance Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Woody and Honey-Sweetness Flavor Type in Core Planting Areas of Northeast Plain Ecological Area ZUO Weibiao, CAI Xianjie, GUAN Qi, GUO Wen, WANG Hao, XUE Chaoqun, YAN Ding, XU Chengyue, CAO Yafan, LU Xiaohua, DOU Jiayu, SONG Jizhen 2023, 39 (31):  27-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0877 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2349KB )   ( 30 ) It is important to explore the appearance characteristics of flue-cured tobacco of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type for excavating its application value. Based on the C2F samples of flue-cured tobacco from 6 core planting areas in the northeast plain ecological region, several classical and geostatistical methods were used to describe and evaluate the appearance characteristics, differences and spatial characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between the appearance characteristics and the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves was discussed. The results showed that: (1) obvious wax texture, slightly dense structure, orange or light yellow color and slightly weak color intensity (plumpness) were the relatively distinct appearance identification characteristics of flue-cured tobacco. (2) The optimal model of background color and leaf color difference between front and back was a linear model, and the indexes showed pure nugget effect and weak spatial autocorrelation. The optimal model of thickness, leaf body difference between tip and base, luster and maturity was an exponential model. The optimal model of wax texture, flexibility, leaf structure, and body and color intensity was a spherical model. The optimal model of leaf surface tissue, color depth, color and oil was a Gaussian model. The leaf surface tissue and color intensity showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, and the remaining 11 indexes showed strong spatial autocorrelation, with their nugget coefficients from 0.10% to 22.86%. The distribution of leaf structure was relatively uniform, and the flexibility, luster, color, maturity and color intensity were generally high in the middle and low in the periphery. The remaining 9 indexes generally showed a gradual upward trend from the northeast to the southwest in the whole or sub region. (3) Generally, the thicker the thickness, and the lower the maturity, the higher the starch; the smaller the leaf color difference between front and back, the lower the chlorine; the smaller the leaf body difference between tip and base, the higher the potassium/chlorine and reducing sugar/total sugar; the lighter the color, the lower the nicotine. Generally, the more the oil, the more obvious the honey-sweetness and green scents, and the better the aroma quality in the sensory evaluation; the looser the leaf structure, the more obvious the woody scent; the thicker the thickness, the more abundant the aroma and the better the aroma permeability, and the greater the smoking strength. The study firstly clarified the main appearance indexes and corresponding relationships for identifying the origin and intrinsic quality of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type flue-cured tobacco, and preliminarily explored the spatial variation and distribution characteristics of indexes. The results could provide intuitive reference for targeted development and precise purchase of feature tobacco leaves.

  Effects of Substrate Composition and Planting Number on the Emergence and Growth of Chimonobambusa marmorea f. variegata Seedling LUO Jiali, TANG Yilei, SHI Wenhui, YING Yeqing 2023, 39 (31):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0867 Abstract + ( 289 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 324 ) To screen out the optimal combination of substrate composition and planting number suitable for the seedling formation of Chimonobambusa marmorea f. variegata, potted combination experiments were performed with different substrate ratios (yellow brown soil: peat= 5:0, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3) and different planting number (7, 5 and 3 respectively). The morphological growth and physiological characteristics of the C. marmorea f. variegate in the above treatments were analyzed. The results showed that emergence ratio, plant height, ground diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content and activity of antioxidant enzymes of C. marmorea f. variegate under various treatments were different. Among them, the plant height, ground diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content and activity of antioxidant enzymes in C. marmorea f. variegate under the treatment of substrate composition (5:0) and planting number (7) were much higher than those in other treatments. Based on the above results, the optimal combination of substrate composition and planting number for good breeding of C. marmorea f. variegate is determined, the ratio of yellow-brown soil: peat is 5:0, and the planting number is 7.

  Rapid Identification of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ Luffa Hybrid Purity by SSR Molecular Markers HAN Xiaoxia, MIN Ziyang, LI Yongqi, YUAN Zuhua, HU Xinjun 2023, 39 (31):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0549 Abstract + ( 121 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 39 ) In order to ensure the purity of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ luffa, a set of safe, reliable, simple and fast hybrid purity identification methods should be established. In this research, we adopted the simplified SSR molecular marker technology, used the hybrid of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ luffa and its parents as test materials, and screened a pair of primers that could stably amplify the hybrid and its parents from 50 pairs of SSR primers, and the amplification products were co-dominant. This pair of primers was used to identify the purity of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ hybrids produced in different places, and the error between the simplified SSR and the field morphological identification results was less than 1.2%. A pair of primers suitable for identifying the purity of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ hybrid was obtained, and a set of simple methods suitable for identifying the seed purity of this variety was established. Using this pair of primers to identify the seed purity of ‘Xingshu Zaojia’ luffa hybrid can not only save the identification cost, but also shorten the identification cycle, which can provide technical guarantee for the safe sale of the commercial variety.

  Study on Application Effect of New Fertilizer for Greenhouse Cucumber CHEN Juan, LIU Bin, LEI Weiwei, CHEN Xiaohui, FAN Shanshan, CHEN Suxian, GAO Fei 2023, 39 (31):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0946 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 69 ) To explore the application effect of new fertilizers containing different biological stimuli on cucumber, providing a basis for selecting suitable fertilizer varieties in production, cucumber 'Zhongnong 26' was used as the material to study the effects of five different fertilization treatments on the yield, quality, fertilizer partial productivity and economic benefits of greenhouse cucumber. The results showed that compared with the control, different new fertilizers could effectively promote plant growth and had a significant effect on cucumber yield, quality and income. The yield increased by 0.7% to 12.8%, soluble sugar content increased by 0.7% to 13.9%, vitamin C content increased by 1.3% to 13.4%, soluble protein content increased by 0.7% to 2.0%, and soluble solids increased by 0.8% to 14.2%, economic benefits was improved by 0.4-7.7 ten thousand yuan/hm2, and fertilizer productivity increased by 25.9%-41.0%. There are significant differences in the effects of different new fertilizers, among which the application of seaweed fertilizer has the best effect.

  Effects of Double Stock Grafting Combination on Compatibility and Yield of Grafted Watermelon GUO Song, YU Rong, TIAN Mei, YANG Wanbang, DONG Rui, DU Huiying, LIU Shengfeng, WANG Zhiqiang 2023, 39 (31):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0822 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 64 ) In order to meet the urgent need of high-quality watermelon production, the compatibility of watermelon grafted with two rootstocks and its effect on yield were discussed. The growth dynamic changes and yield of different grafting combinations, including pumpkin rootstock grafting, wild watermelon intermediate stock grafting, pumpkin and wild watermelon double rootstock grafting, were studied in watermelon seedling stage. The results showed that the survival rate of watermelon treated with pumpkin and wild watermelon double rootstock grafting was 98.87%, which could significantly reduce the wound healing time, enhance the growth potential of scions, and had little impact on watermelon seedlings. At the same time, this grafting method can significantly improve the yield of watermelon, which is of great significance for the high-quality production of watermelon under continuous cropping soil conditions.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Biological and Economic Characters of Different Varieties of Sweet Cherry LI Pengcheng, ZHANG Jinqiang, SU Xuede, LI Ming, YANG Xiang, WANG Jingjing 2023, 39 (31):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0925 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 111 ) Six-year-old sweet cherry varieties were used as test materials, the growth and fruiting characteristics, fruit economic characters and phenological period of seven sweet cherry cultivars ‘Xianfeng’, ‘Samituo’, ‘Rabinsi’, ‘Meizao’, ‘Mingzhu’, ‘Jiahong’ and ‘Zhuangyuanhong’ in northern Xinjiang were studied. The results showed that different varieties had different cultural performances, among which ‘Meizao’ had the best fruit quality, and ‘Samituo’ had the best fruit yield per plant and character of high yield. It was concluded that ‘Meizao’, ‘Samitol’, ‘Rabinse’ and ‘Pearl’ had outstanding comprehensive performance in fruit shape, color, fruit weight, inherent quality and yield, which could be used as the main local varieties for proper development in facilities.

  Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo CHEN Jiajie, ZHANG Yan, SHANGGUAN Yilin, WEI Sifan, ZHANG Peng, QIU Aihua, SU Da, SHEN Bingrong, XU Jinxian, YE Delian 2023, 39 (31):  67-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0924 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 263 ) The experiment aims to investigate the effects of magnesium fertilizer application strategies on the nutritional status, yield and quality of pomelo, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of magnesium fertilizer in pomelo production. Three magnesium fertilizer treatments were designed, including control (no magnesium fertilizer), soil application of magnesium fertilizer and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer. Results showed that both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD value, magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of the annual spring shoot leaves and biennial spring shoot leaves of pomelo at maturity stage in 2019 and 2020. However, magnesium fertilizer application did not affect the phosphorus, calcium and zinc concentrations of pomelo leaf. Different application methods of magnesium fertilizer generally increased magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of honey pomelo pulp. Both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of honey pomelo leaves and foliar application of magnesium also significantly increased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. Compared with the control, the average pomelo yield in two years was increased by 13.8% and 4.1% under foliar application of magnesium and soil application of magnesium fertilizer, respectively. Moreover, foliar application of magnesium significantly increased the Vc concentration, soluble solid concentration and solid-acid ratio of honey pomelo fruit, and soil application of magnesium fertilizer significantly reduced the titratable acid concentration and increased the solid-acid ratio of the fruit for two years. Both Magnesium application methods improved nutritional status of pomelo leaves and fruits, photosynthesis, yield and quality of pomelo. Foliar spraying 4% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate can be recommended as an important practice of magnesium supplementation in the honey pomelo production.

  Study on Tissue Culture Technology and Rapid Propagation of Hydrangea paniculata ‘Garden Lace’ DENG Yanming, QIN Ziyi, CHEN Shuangshuang, QIU Shuai, FENG Jing, GAO Kai, QI Xiangyu, CHEN Huijie 2023, 39 (31):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0980 Abstract + ( 148 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 144 ) The stem segments of Hydrangea paniculata ‘Garden Lace’ with axillary buds were used as explants to study the sterilization protocol, the effects of basic culture mediums and plant growth regulators on axillary buds germination, multiple shoot proliferation and adventitious root induction, and the influence of different substrates on the transplanting of tissue culture seedlings. The sterilization effects of NaClO at various chlorine concentrations and treatment times were compared. The treated axillary buds induction, proliferation, and rooting were taken on the basic mediums of MS, 1/2MS, WPM, and 1/2WPM, with different concentrations of 6-BA, NAA, or IBA. The generated tissue culture seedlings were transplanted into various substrates that were mixed with peat, perlite, and vermiculite. The results showed that the most suitable sterilization method was to soak the explant in 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 3-4 washings with sterile water. After that, explants were treated with NaClO of 2.0% available chlorine concentration for 8-10 min, followed by 4-6 washings with sterile water. The best start-up medium for axillary buds was 1/2WPM+ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, for shoots was WPM+ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L IBA, and for rooting was 1/2WPM+ 0.3-0.5 mg/L IBA. The best substrate for transplanting the plantlets was an equal amount of well-mixed perlite, vermiculite, and peat. The study developed a quick propagation system for H. paniculata ‘Garden Lace’ through tissue culture, and provided a technical guidance for factory-scale seedling development and mass production.

  Growth and Development Characteristics of Shoot and Root for Ground Cover Plants in Fragrant Hills Park GE Yuxuan, DONG Kun, KONG Weiyi, WANG Xuehan 2023, 39 (31):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0797 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 578 ) Ground cover plants under ancient trees could protect the land from trampling and improve the permeability and water retention of soil, but the growth characteristics of root should be assessed before planting. Growth and development characteristics of shoot and root for four ground cover plants (Lespedeza floribunda, Chrysanthemum nankingense, Carex leucochlora and Oplismenus undulatifolius) under the ancient Pinus tabuliformis and P. bungeana or in the open field of Fragrant Hills Park were analyzed by Epson digital scanner and direct measurement. Significant difference was showed in the development of shoot and root of same aged L. floribunda from different habitats. The root and aerial parts from plants in the open area grew much batter than those under the ancient P. tabuliformis and P. bungeana. Chrysanthemum nankingense grew well in all three conditions, and no significant difference exhibited in the development of root and aerial parts between plants growing in different area. The development of shoot and root of O. undulatifolius was significantly superior to Chrysanthemum nankingense and Carex leucochlora grew in the same condition, and lower difference was showed in the plants of O. undulatifolius from different habitats. The results indicated that Chrysanthemum nankingense and O. undulatifolius grew well in all conditions and showed suitability for planting under ancient trees. L. floribunda was suitable for planting under ancient trees with steep site environment. Carex leucochlora was not suitable for planting as a ground cover plant under ancient trees.

  Effects of Substrate and Growth Hormone on Hardwood Cutting Propagation of Ficus tikoua WANG Xiaorong, GU Zhongchun, LIU Xing, TANG Lan, DAI Xue, YANG Jiawei, ZHOU Yufang, ZHOU Gaoyu 2023, 39 (31):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0900 Abstract + ( 148 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 172 ) In this study, we planted hardwood cutting of Ficus tikoua in different soil substrate and with different types and concentrations of growth hormones, and we measured the rooting rate, rooting number, root length and root dry mass per plant, and calculated the rooting rate in each treatment. The results showed that the rooting rate of F. tikoua was significantly affected by substrate treatments but not growth hormone type. The rooting rate was highest (90.42%) in humus soil substrate while lowest (71.78%) in loess substrate. The average maximum root length, average root length, root biomass per plant and rooting index of cuttage roots were significantly affected by substrate, showing a same trend humus soil> loess> river sand. The average rooting number of F. tikoua under different hormone treatments was rhizogenic powder> 500 mg/L NAA> 200 mg/L NAA> 50 mg/L NAA> no hormone, rooting index was 500 mg/L NAA> 200 mg/L NAA> rhizogenic powder> 50 mg/L NAA> no hormone. However, hormone differences had no significant effect on average maximum root length, average root length and root biomass per plant. The combination of humus soil and 200 mg/L NAA was determined to be the optimal method for hardwood cutting of F. tikoua, the rooting rate and the root development were the best.

  Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Land Use in the Distribution Area of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest DING Jida, PU Zhi, TANG Fang, TIAN Yongqiang 2023, 39 (31):  96-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0832 Abstract + ( 126 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2654KB )   ( 240 ) The paper aims to study the land use change in the distribution area of wild fruit forests in Tianshan. Based on 8 periods of land use data from 1980 to 2020 in the Tianshan wild fruit forest distribution area, a land use geo-information mapping system with 7 time series was constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of land use changes in the Tianshan wild fruit forest distribution area. The results showed that: (1) the land use structure of the Tianshan wild fruit forest distribution area was dominated by grassland and arable land, accounting for about 80% of the total area. (2) The mapping of land use change was dominated by the mutual transformation between forest land and grassland and the increase of cultivated land, while the overall change of other land types was small. (3) The net growth of grassland was the largest, followed by cropland; the shrinkage of forest land was the most serious, with a precipitous decline at the later stage. (4) The land use change pattern was mainly stable and unchanging, followed by late change type, and the smallest proportion of full-period change type; late land use changes were more frequent than the early period. (5) The frequency spectrum of land use change was dominated by stable and unchanging regions, followed by low-frequency regions, both of which accounted for more than 98%, so the overall land use structure was more stable. The study analyzed the characteristics of spatial and temporal evolution of land use in the distribution area of Tianshan wild fruit forest, revealed the land use change pattern in the study area, and provided basis for optimal scheduling of Tianshan wild fruit forest resources.

  Characteristics of Soil Resources Under Spatial Transformation of Irrigated and Rain-fed Cropland in Sichuan WANG Xie, YANG Minfeng, LI Qin, ZHANG Yuangai, TANG Tian, LONG Tao, ZHANG Jianhua, LIU Yonghong 2023, 39 (31):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0364 Abstract + ( 133 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1721KB )   ( 76 ) To further reveal the past and present situation of cultivated land soil resources in Sichuan agricultural area, taking the rain-fed cropland and irrigated cropland in Sichuan Province as the research objects, the evolution characteristics of the area, spatial distribution and soil resource composition of the two types of cultivated land from 1985 to 2020 were discussed, and the evolution law of their diversity was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) from 1985 to 2020, the overall area of rain-fed cropland in Sichuan Province showed a decreasing trend, while the overall area of irrigated land showed an increasing trend. (2) The area of rain-fed cropland in the hilly areas of eastern and central Sichuan showed a decreasing trend, while that in Panzhihua-Xichang hilly areas showed an increasing trend. (3) The area of irrigated land decreased in the Chengdu Plain, while it showed an increasing trend in the eastern and central hilly areas. (4) The decrease of rain-fed cropland and the increase of irrigated cropland had obvious overlap, and the soil resources in the area of rain-fed cropland mainly belong to Skeletol primitive soils, Ferralisols and Anthrosols. (5) With the change of spatial distribution of rain-fed cropland, purple soil, yellow soil and paddy soil in cultivated land showed a significant decreasing trend. The above results clarified that the transfer of croplands in Sichuan had led to changes in the structure of regional soil resources supply to agricultural production, and also suggested that water supply capacity and soil type changes should be specially considered for water and fertilizer management in farmland on a large scale.

  Effect of Different Formula Fertilizations on Soil Enzyme Activity, Microbial Community Structure, Fruit Yield and Quality in Camellia oleifera Woodland ZOU Yingwu, DU Yangwen, CHENG Junyong, LI Jinzhu, XIA Jianmei, JIANG Yingchun 2023, 39 (31):  113-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0366 Abstract + ( 150 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1845KB )   ( 45 ) To explore the reasonable fertilization technical measures of Camellia oleifera woodland, slow release fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and fertilizer depth were used as test factors, and different ratios were designed into nine treatments and CK. The effect of different proportion on soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase activity and total organic carbon, microbial carbon content was studied, and its influence on nutrient content of leaves, fresh fruit quality, oil ratio and fatty acid component content difference was investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the activities of urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and catalase in soil, and the contents of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, as well as in the nutrient content of leaves, fruit weight of single plant, oil content of seed kernel and fatty acid components among the 10 fertilization treatments. The activities of urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and catalase and the contents of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in soil of treatment 6 and treatment 7 were higher than those of control by 63.45%, 67.15%, 27.34%, 45.52%, 206.49% and 51.41%, respectively. The results of treatments 7, 6, 9 and 8 showed the better effects, fruit weight per plant was up to 5.56 kg, which was 148.41% higher than that of control; the highest oil content of seed kernel was 36.63%, which was 22.51% higher than that of control. The correlation showed that soil enzymes were significantly correlated with kernel oil content and fruit quality, and soil carbon content was significantly correlated with fruit quality per plant. The results showed that treatment 7 and treatment 6 could significantly increase soil enzyme activity and soil carbon content, so as to improve the yield and oil content of camellia and the fruit quality.

  Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Enzyme on Potato Rhizosphere Soil Microorganisms LIU Wangye, LU Jiaojiao, SHI Weijie, WANG Mei 2023, 39 (31):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0889 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1844KB )   ( 40 ) To improve the yield and quality of potato and lay a theoretical foundation for the implementation of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the potato rhizosphere soil in Yuyang Agricultural Demonstration Park of Yulin City was taken as the object, by adding Bacillus subtilis, enzyme bacteria and biochar under the treatment of conventional fertilizer and conventional fertilizer (80%, 90%). The effects on soil microorganisms in potato rhizosphere were determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to measure the microbial richness of potato rhizosphere soil under different treatments. The results showed that the high-quality sequences were concentrated in sequence length 400-420 bp and 420-440 bp, and the number of high-quality sequences was 284937 and 183088, respectively. JS80 treatment resulted in the highest microbial species richness in potato rhizosphere soil, while KS80 and J80 treatments were second only to JS80. The Shannon index of potato rhizosphere soil under JS80 and KS80 was increased by 4.5% and 3.6% compared with CK. Based on the common or unique OTU analysis among different treatments, the results showed that the abundance of soil microorganisms in the potato rhizosphere soil was JS80 > KS80 > KS90 > CK > JS90, that is, JS80 and KS80 were better than other treatments. The potato rhizosphere soil microorganism Chloroflexi increased by 7.0% with KS80 treatment. The study showed that the quantity and richness of soil microbial community in potato rhizosphere soil with biochar application were better than those without biochar application. Under the same bacterial fertilizer treatment, the 80% treatment of base fertilizer was better than the 90% treatment, that is, the richness of soil microbial community in rhizosphere soil after JS80 and KS80 treatments was better than other treatments. JS80 and KS80 can be used as base fertilizer in the field experiment.

  Refined Agro-climatic Zoning of Main Food Crops: Taking Zhongjiang County of Sichuan Province as an Example LIU Yangyang, WANG Mingtian 2023, 39 (31):  129-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0869 Abstract + ( 182 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 5861KB )   ( 57 ) In order to optimize the distribution of grain production industry and ensure food security, the refined agro-climatic zoning of wheat and corn planting in Zhongjiang was carried out based on GIS. This paper used the daily meteorological data of Zhongjiang Meteorological Monitoring Station from 2007 to 2016, and the meteorological data of the sunshine duration, temperature and precipitation of the 30 automatic stations in and around the Zhongjiang from 2011 to 2015, 2007-2016 wheat and corn sown area, total yield and unit yield, as well as 1:250000 geographic information data and digital maps to compare the difference between the high yield years and poor yield years through analyzing the direct relationship between the meteorological yield of wheat and corn and the meteorological conditions in each growth period in Zhongjiang and its surrounding areas. Three key growth periods and six key climate factors of corn and wheat were selected as the regionalization indicators for the zoning of main grain crops in Zhongjiang County. The results show that Gudian, Shiquan, Jifeng, Fuxing, Nanhua, Dongbei, some parts of Yongxing Town and Shisun Township in the south, and the southernmost Yuanxing and Yongfeng Township are basically suitable because of their high terrain and poor water supply, while the rest are more suitable. We can make use of the advantages of climate resources and soil resources in these suitable areas to actively develop the cultivation of food crops to ensure food security.

  Study on the Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism of Athyrium sinense Essential Oil Against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis QU Hong, WANG Mengliang, YAN Ran, WANG Qi, CAI Jin 2023, 39 (31):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0828 Abstract + ( 129 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2443KB )   ( 24 ) The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of Athyrium sinense essential oil against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). The antibacterial effect of A. sinense essential oil on Cmm was determined by the plate punching method and the turbidimetric method. The mechanism of bacterial inhibition was mainly studied from three aspects including cell wall, cell membrane and cell cycle. The activity of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was measured to analyze the effect on cell wall. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the content of extracellular soluble protein, the potential of cell membrane, and the ATPase activity were measured to analyze the effect on cell membrane. Finally, the cell cycle was measured. The diameter of Cmm inhibition circle was (19.06±1.83) mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.313 mg/mL, indicating that A. sinense essential oil had a strong inhibitory effect on Cmm. Analysis of the inhibition mechanism showed that under the treatment of A. sinense essential oil, extracellular AKP activity, ROS level, and extracellular soluble protein leakage increased significantly (P<0.05), cell membrane potential and intracellular ATPase activity were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, and the proportion of Cmm in DNA replication was decreased. The results showed that A. sinense essential oil had significant antibacterial effect on Cmm. The antibacterial mechanism was as follows. The destruction of Cmm cell wall led to the increase of extracellular AKP activity. The destruction of cell membrane led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and the leakage of soluble protein, the occurrence of cell membrane depolarization and the significant (P<0.05) decrease in ATPase activity. Finally, A. sinense essential oil also interfered with the normal cell cycle of Cmm.

  Control Effect of 5 New Compound Fungicides on Pitaya Canker SONG Xiaobing, CUI Yiping, CHEN Xia, PENG Aitian, LING Jinfeng, HUANG Feng 2023, 39 (31):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0921 Abstract + ( 486 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 28 ) The compound fungicides with better control effect on pitaya canker were screened to provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease. The inhibitory effect of five new compound agents on pitaya canker was determined by the mycelial rate growth method, and the field control effect test was carried out. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that fluorobacteria·tebuconazole 400 g/L SC, benzodiazepine·azoxystrobin 325 g/L SC and trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75% WDS had strong inhibition on Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. When the concentration of the medicine was 10 μg/mL, the inhibitory effect of the three fungicides on pathogenic bacteria ranged from 92.57% to 97.21%. The results of the field efficacy test showed that the above three fungicides had good control effects on pitaya canker in the field, and the average control effect was between 71.12%-77.45% after 12 days of three treatments. The three fungicides of fluorobacteria·tebuconazole 400 g/L SC, benzodiazepine·azoxystrobin 325 g/L SC and trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75% WDS are safe and efficient for pitaya, and are worthy of application in the prevention and treatment of pitaya canker.

  Effect of Tree Preservation Technology on Canarium album Quality SHAO Xuehua, LIU Chuanbin, KUANG Shizi, LAI Duo, LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, XIAO Weiqiang 2023, 39 (31):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0876 Abstract + ( 236 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 31 ) The paper aims to determine the optimal time for Canarium album to stay fresh, and to evaluate the feasibility of olive fruit tree preservation technology. Using ‘Xi No.1’ olive fruit in the season (harvested in November) and preserved fruit (picked in December, January, and April) as test materials, a total of 24 indicators of amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, lysine, proline and hydroxyproline), nutritional components (tannins, ascorbic acid, cellulose, water-soluble pectin, total sugar, sucrose and reducing sugars), functional components (proantho cyanidins, flavonoids, total phenols and total antioxidant capacity) and enzyme activity (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylates, peroxidases, catalases, polyphenol oxidases, acetylcholinesterase and superoxide dismutase) in the samples were determined by micro method. There were no significant difference in 24 indexes of ‘Xi No.1’ olive preserved for one month compared with that of picked in normal season (P>0.05). After two months of storage, the contents of cysteine, tannin, cellulose, proantho cyanidins, flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, acid phosphatase, carboxylesterase, and peroxidase were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the contents of ascorbic acid and water-soluble pectin were significantly increased (P<0.05), and other indexes had no significant changes. The contents of ascorbic acid, water-soluble pectin, alkaline phosphatase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased (P<0.05) after 5 months of tree preservation, while 19 indexes except proline were significantly decreased. The Canarium album of ‘Xi No.1’ can be kept fresh on tree for one month, and its fruit quality is not significantly different from that harvested in normal season.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Landscape Connectivity Research Based on CiteSpace BIAN He, ZHU Bingbing, LI Heng, WANG Rong 2023, 39 (31):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0872 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1756KB )   ( 1032 ) As the intensified climate change and rising stress from human activities on landscape patterns and landscape ecological processes, landscape connectivity research receives more and more attention worldwide. However, the relative research status and hotspots are still lack of systematic analysis. In this study, the number of papers, subject, study strength, and highly cited literature about landscape connectivity research from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed based on the Web of Science core collection database retrieval and the bibliometric software CiteSpace. The results showed that: (1) in the past 20 years, the research about landscape connectivity experienced the stages of slow development, steady growth and rapid development, and it was mainly distributed in ecology, environmental science and geographical science. (2) The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Normal University published many achievements in relative journals, greatly enhancing China’s international influence in this research field. (3) There was some basic research on landscape connectivity, including the exploration of species diffusion mechanism, the design and planning of nature reserves and ecological network, the analysis of landscape fragmentation, etc. The hotspots were mainly focused on developing and applying the related indicators and models of landscape connectivity. The current research frontiers include the quantification of sediment transport process from the perspective of connectivity, biodiversity conservation and assessment of ecosystem services, and the evaluation about the multi-scale effects of hydrological connectivity under the combined influence of climate change and human activities.