Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.30 Published:25 October 2023

  Soybean-maize Belt Composite Planting and Its Application in Jiangsu River Region YAN Yini, SHAN Haiyong, LIU Xujie, SHI Xiaoxu, YANG Meiying, LIU Jian 2023, 39 (30):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0840 Abstract + ( 219 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 74 ) It is of great significance to popularize soybean-maize belt composite planting pattern technology to guarantee national grain and oil security. In order to accelerate the promotion and application of soybean-maize composite planting technology in Jiangsu River region, this paper reviewed the development history of soybean-maize composite planting and the key progress made in practical production in recent years, analyzed the current situation and existing problems of this model in Jiangsu River region, and put forward the cultivation technology measures such as better seed selection, suitable sowing time, green prevention and control. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for the spread and application of soybean-maize strip composite planting technology in Jiangsu River region.

  Effect of Harvest Time on Mechanical Harvest Quality of Soybean in Southwestern China YU Xiaobo, LIU Yixin, LIANG Jianqiu, AN Jiangang, WU Haiying, ZHANG Mingrong 2023, 39 (30):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0838 Abstract + ( 158 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 75 ) In order to determine the appropriate harvesting period in southwestern China, three soybean varieties with different maturity, ‘Nanxiadou35’, ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’, were used to investigate the seed morphological characteristics, water contents of different part and mechanical harvest quality through field mechanical harvest and indoor sampling. The results showed that seed thickness was decreased significantly at fully mature stage, while the ratio of length/thickness and width/thickness were all increased significantly. Seed width and thickness of ‘Nanxiadou35’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’, but the ratio of length/width and length/thickness showed the opposite trend. Water content of various parts was decreased significantly at full maturity, and with significant difference between the varieties. Shell and seed water content of ‘Nanxiadou35’ was significantly lower than those of ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’. Stem diameter and mechanical strength of ‘Nanxiadou35’ were significantly lower than those of ‘Nanxiadou45’. At full maturity, the combining header harvest loss rate was increased significantly, but seed crushing rate, cleaning loss rate and total loss rate were the lowest, and the harvest effect was the best. Among the three varieties, the mechanical harvest quality of ‘Nanxiadou35’ was the best.

  Effects of Lodging on Yield and Quality of Winter Rapeseed at the Flowering Ending and Grain Filling Stage JIANG Lixia, ZHANG Zhi, REN Junrong, YANG Jianli, WANG Jinghong, MIAO Pinggui 2023, 39 (30):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0865 Abstract + ( 282 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1724KB )   ( 471 ) In order to study the effect of lodging at different growing stages on the yield and quality of winter rapeseed, using ‘Shanyou 28’ as experimental material, dry matter, yield and quality were measured, and the sclerotioum disease incidence rate was calculated after lodging. The stem lodging and root lodging were implemented by kicking down the rapeseed plants artificially at the flowering ending stage and the grain filling stage. The results showed that after lodging, dry matter accumulation in all other treatments was decreased first and then increased, except that the FR treatment was consistently decreased. Dry matter accumulation of stem was significantly increased, while dry matter accumulation of leaf and pod was significantly decreased. The yield of root lodging at the flowering ending stage (FR), stem lodging at the flowering ending stage (FS), root lodging at the grain filling stage (GR) and stem lodging at the grain filling stage (GS) decreased by 50.28%, 18.90%, 41.24%, and 9.79% compared to the CK, respectively. The oil content of rapeseed was decreased after lodging, and the reduction ranges of FR and GR were 7.64%, 6.46%, respectively. The sclerotioum disease incidence rate of root lodging treatment was significantly higher than that of CK, but it was insignificant with stem lodging treatment. Comprehensively, for the same lodging type, lodging at flowering ending stage had more negative effects than that at grain filling stage. At the same lodging period, root lodging had a greater impact than stem lodging.

  Effect of Different Concentrations of Tartaric Acid on Sugar Beet Seeds SU Yang, HU Huabing, WANG Ronghua, WANG Maoqian 2023, 39 (30):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0253 Abstract + ( 186 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 668 ) To study the effect of different concentrations of tartaric acid on germination of sugar beet seeds and to provide a basis for screening sugar beet seed coating, a total of nine sets of treatments were carried out and indexes were measured using three different concentration gradients of tartaric acid at 5, 7.5 and 10 mmol/L and three gradients of time at 8, 16 and 24 h. Sugar beet crop seed 'TD801' was used as the test material. Compared to the control CK, the germination potential of the treatments increased by a minimum of 0.83 percentage points and a maximum of 6.67 percentage points; germination increased by a minimum of 0.66 percentage points and a maximum of 9.67 percentage points; germination index increased by a minimum of 15.39% and a maximum of 31.71%; the vigor index increased by a minimum of 30.09% and a maximum of 82.83%; relative conductivity was reduced in all cases compared to control CK, with a minimum decrease of 68.96 percentage points and a maximum decrease of 100.93 percentage points. When the concentration was 10 mmol/L for 16 h, the effect on germination potential and germination rate was better. When the concentration was 7.5 mmol/L for 16 h, the effect on germination index and vigor index was better; a concentration of 7.5 mmol/L for 24 h was more effective on relative conductivity. All nine treatments promoted seed initiation of sugar beet, and tartaric acid solutions at concentrations of 7.5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L for 16 h were more effective in seed germination of sugar beet.

  Effect on Seed Germination and Material Efficiency of Sugar Beet: Wood Vinegar Treatment LIU Aijie, ZHANG Huizhong, XING Wang, WANG Maoqian 2023, 39 (30):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0079 Abstract + ( 208 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 368 ) The aims were to study the priming effect of different dilution degrees of wood vinegar on sugar beet single seed, and provide the basis for screening sugar beet seed coating material. In this experiment, the sugar beet single seed ‘TD805’ was used as the material, and the wood vinegar with different dilution degrees was used as the initiator to determine the germination potential, germination rate and other data. The results showed that the seed vigor of sugar beet seeds soaked in wood vinegar solution for 16 h was better than that of 8 h and 24 h, and the vigor index and material efficiency under P800 treatment were the highest, which increased by 102.58% and 40.09% respectively compared with CK treatment. The germination potential, germination rate and germination index under P1200 treatment were the highest, which increased by 6.34%, 5.34% and 71.84% respectively compared with CK treatment, and the conductivity decreased significantly compared with CK treatment. The experiment showed that the wood vinegar with different dilution degrees could improve seed vigor, accelerate the transformation of storage substances, and improve the utilization rate of seed nutrition. With the different treatment time and reagent dilution degree, the priming effect of sugar beet seeds was also different.

  Comparative Study of Melatonin and Dopamine on Sugar Beet Seed Initiation and Salt Stress YANG Ran, XING Wang, LIU Dali, WU Zedong, WANG Maoqian 2023, 39 (30):  36-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0805 Abstract + ( 213 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 84 ) The aim was to explore the effects of melatonin and dopamine on different types of beet seed initiation and salt stress. In this study, two kinds of beet seeds, TD801 and TD805, were used as experimental materials. Under the condition of non-salt stress and salt stress, two initiators, six different gradient concentrations and two different processing times were used to set up 96 groups of treatments. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vitality index and other germination indicators were determined through soaking, re-drying and germination culture of TD801 and TD805 beet seeds. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of most treatment combinations were significantly higher than those of control. TD801 beet seeds were treated with 500 μmol/L melatonin solution for 24 h, and the germination rate and germination potential were up to 90.00%. Salt stress could be converted into salt initiation under specific combination, which promoted the germination of beet seeds. Melatonin and dopamine have a certain effect on the germination of beet seeds, and the germination effect of melatonin is significantly better than that of dopamine.

  Analysis of Current Situation and Potential of Forest Carbon Sink in Yunnan Province LIANG Xuan, LI Chunbo 2023, 39 (30):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0909 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 27 ) To analyze the current situation of carbon storage and carbon sink value in Yunnan Province, based on the data of the 4th Forest Resources Class II survey in Yunnan Province, the arbor forest biomass was estimated by IPCC method, and the AS index was constructed based on the age structure of the forest to assess the forest carbon sequestration potential of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the carbon storage of arbor forests in Yunnan Province was 1433.60 Tg, and the carbon sink value was 11180681.55×104 yuan. The biomass and carbon storage of arbor forests were mainly concentrated in Yunnan pine, oak and other broad-leaved trees. The carbon stocks in the west of Yunnan Province were mainly concentrated in Pu’er City and Diqing Prefecture. The carbon stocks in the west of Yunnan Province were higher than those in the east, and the age structure of the forests showed a single peak with a right deviation. The AS index of Yunnan Province is 1.15, the stand is younger, forests are highly productive, the forest biomass is increasing, and the forest carbon sink potential is large.

  41 Tea Germplasm Resources: Genetic Diversity and Relationship Analysis Based on SSR Molecular Markers CAI Yiming, JIANG Shuangfeng, MAO Guangzhi, LI Mengdi, DIAO Hailong, WU Pengfei, LI Junling 2023, 39 (30):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0862 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 117 ) In order to conduct preliminary identification and evaluation of tea tree germplasm resources in southern Henan, 41 clonal varieties from the tea germplasm resources garden in southern Henan were used as materials to analyze genetic diversity and relationships by SSR marker.The results showed that 26 pairs of primers with good amplification were screened from 33 pairs of primers. A total of 102 bands were amplified from 26 pairs of primers, the average number of bands amplified by each pair of primers was 4, the minimum number was 2, and the maximum number was 7. The average number of observed alleles was 2, the average number of effective alleles was 1.8664, the average Nei's genetic diversity was 0.4626, the average Shannon information index was 0.6550, the maximum value of polymorphic information of primers was 0.80, the minimum value was 0.23, and the average value was 0.62. The results of cluster analysis showed that 41 materials were divided into 4 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.5. Most of the materials with similar geographical origin and genetic background were clustered together, and the genetic distance of the tested varieties was 0.08-1.87. This indicated that the genetic foundation among varieties in the resource garden was relatively broad.

  Carbon Emission Characteristics and Prediction of Carbon Peak Time in Gansu Province QI Haiqiang, ZHOU Dongmei, JIANG Jing, ZHU Xiaoyan, MA Jing, LI Miande, ZHANG Jun 2023, 39 (30):  61-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0864 Abstract + ( 180 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1692KB )   ( 20 ) This paper calculated the carbon emissions of Gansu Province and various regions from 2000 to 2020, and selected the proportion of secondary industry, per capita GDP, urbanization rate, energy consumption, energy consumption per 10000 yuan of GDP, scientific and technological input, industrial added value and other influencing factors for principal component analysis. Based on the Probit model, according to the economic development indicators of the 14th Five-Year Plan, three economic assumptions were made for GDP growth in each region, and carbon emissions and peak time from 2020 to 2040 were predicted. The results showed that the carbon emissions in Gansu Province increased continuously from 2000 to 2012, with an annual average growth rate of 7.3%. From 2013 to 2020, the carbon emissions showed a “U” growth rate, with an annual average growth rate of 1.9%. Carbon emissions were positively correlated with per capita GDP, urbanization rate and other factors, and negatively correlated with the proportion of secondary industry and energy consumption per 10000 yuan of GDP. Under the fast economy, only Linxia will achieve carbon peak in 2030 to 2035; under the benchmark economy, Dingxi and other four regions will achieve carbon peak in 2030 to 2035; under the green economy, Lanzhou and other four regions will achieve carbon peak in 2035 to 2040.

  Advances in the Decomposition of Straw from Returned Crops OUYANG Hongwei, OU Jinxiu, LIN Zhaoli, ZHANG Hua, LUO Jun, LI Shiyan 2023, 39 (30):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0679 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 1391 ) Returning crop straw to the field is one of the most important technical measures to increase soil nutrients and improve soil physical and chemical properties. In order to understand the decomposition process of crop straw after returning it to the field, this paper introduces the laws of straw decomposition and the common research methods for straw decomposition. The effects of straw fraction, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), decomposing agent and soil environment on straw decomposition, and the effects of straw decomposition on agro-ecosystems are analyzed. Finally, the problems of poor decomposition conditions, underdeveloped decomposing agents and non-standard operating techniques are pointed out. It provides a theoretical basis for further improving the decomposition rate of crop straw to the field scientifically and promoting the sustainable development of green agriculture.

  Effects of Fuhuosu Amendment on Soil Agrochemical Properties and Celery Quality in Solar Greenhouse SUN Xijun, GAO Ying, ZHOU Weitao, CAI Miao, SONG Xifang 2023, 39 (30):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0885 Abstract + ( 162 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 53 ) Improving the soil quality of protected vegetable fields is of great significance to the sustainable development of regional vegetable industry. In this study, celery was used as the test crop and four treatments were set up to study the effect of Fuhuosu amendment on soil agrochemical properties of solar greenhouse and celery quality, yield and economic benefits. Among the four treatments, the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 300 kg/hm2 (T1), 600 kg/hm2 (T2) and 900 kg/hm2 (T3), respectively. The results showed that: (1) Fuhuosu amendment had no obvious effect on soil pH and soil organic matter in solar greenhouse, but it could significantly reduce soil nitrate content and soil electrical conductivity value, and soil nitrate content and soil electrical conductivity gradually decreased with the increase of the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment. When the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 900 kg/hm2, the soil nitrate content and soil electrical conductivity were the lowest, with a decrease of 47.87% and 54.28% respectively compared with CK. (2) The plant height, diametral thickness, single plant weight and leaf SPAD of celery increased gradually with the increase of the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment. When the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 900 kg/hm2, the plant height, diametral thickness, single plant weight and leaf SPAD of celery were the highest, and the increase rates were 8.22%, 14.14%, 2.91% and 8.88% respectively compared with CK. (3) The content of vitamin C and soluble solids in celery could be increased and the content of leaf nitrate could be decreased by applying Fuhuosu amendment. The quality of celery was the best when the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 900 kg/hm2. (4) The yield of celery showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of the Fuhuosu amendment dosage, and yield was the maximum when the dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 900 kg/hm2. However, when the dosage was 600 kg/hm2, the economic benefit was the highest and the increase income reached 2550 yuan/hm2. It could be seen that the application of Fuhuosu amendment to the soil in solar greenhouse could not only reduce the nitrate content and electrical conductivity of the soil, alleviate the secondary salinization of the soil, but also promote the growth of celery plants, improve the quality and yield of celery. Considering the effects of salt reduction, quality improvement, yield and income increase, the best recommended dosage of Fuhuosu amendment was 600 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Ecology and Crop Growth and Development GAO Jun, WANG Huiquan, GU Dongxiang, ZHANG Simei, ZHANG Chuanhui, GU Kejun 2023, 39 (30):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0897 Abstract + ( 144 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 56 ) Crop straw is rich in nutrients and has high utilization value. As an efficient and low-cost way to utilize straw resources, straw returning plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility cycle and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, the effects of straw returning on soil temperature and humidity, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, crop root system and crop above ground were reviewed, the mechanism of the effects of straw returning was analyzed, and the negative effects of straw returning on crop growth pointed out. Based on this, some key research directions in the future were put forward, such as establishing an optimization model for straw returning, strengthening the research on reducing obstacles of straw returning, and developing new disposable special fertilizers for rice and wheat straw returning.

  Study on Risk Assessment of Maize Rainstorm and Flood Disaster in Heilongjiang Province XU Yongqing, LIU Henan, LIU Chunsheng, ZHANG Hongling, JIANG Huiliang 2023, 39 (30):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0880 Abstract + ( 153 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2673KB )   ( 36 ) Based on the assessment of disaster risk, exposure and vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies, and disaster prevention and reduction ability, this paper adopt GIS spatial analysis technology to carry out the risk assessment of maize rainstorm and flood in Heilongjiang Province. Disaster risk assessment indicators included rainstorm and flood index and disaster pregnant environmental impact index; the exposure assessment indexes of disaster bearing bodies included maize planting density and yield per unit area; vulnerability assessment indicators included the proportion of direct economic losses and the proportion of affected farmland; disaster prevention and mitigation capacity included waterlogging area and GDP per capita. In the evaluation process, the homogenization method was used to deal with the different dimensions of each factor. The weight was determined by the analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method. The results showed that the high risk areas of rainstorm and flood in Heilongjiang Province were located in the west and east of Songnen Plain, while the north of Daxing’an Mountains and the south of Zhangguangcai Ridge were low risk areas; high exposure areas were mainly concentrated in the west of Songnen Plain, and low vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in the west of Daxing’an Mountains and Zhangguangcai Mountains; the western Songnen Plain was a highly sensitive area, while the Daxing’an Mountains, Zhangguangcai Mountains and Sanjiang Plain were low sensitive areas; in the south of Songnen Plain, the ability of disaster prevention and reduction was high or higher, while the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in Daxing’an Mountains and Zhangguangcai Mountains was low; the high risk areas of maize rainstorm disaster in Heilongjiang Province were mainly distributed in the west and northwest of the Songnen Plain. The relatively high risk areas were mainly distributed in the north and east of the Songnen Plain. The areas of the Daxing’an Mountains and the Zhangguangcai Mountains were low risk areas. The relatively low risk areas were mainly concentrated in the transitional areas of the Songnen Plain and the Xiaoxing’an Mountains and the Sanjiang Plain.

  Variation of Negative Oxygen Ion and its Relationship with Main Meteorological Factors in Qianshan National Forest Park GONG Miao, WANG Xiaorong, LIU Qingping, HE Yong, XIA Shaodan, HU Xingyi 2023, 39 (30):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0911 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 102 ) Air negative oxygen ion has the effect of improving human immunity and regulating function balance and is known as “air vitamin”. However, due to the difference of regional ecological environment conditions, it is uncertain to explain the change of air negative oxygen ion reasonably. Thus, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of air negative oxygen ion concentration and its influencing factors in a specific area for further revealing the change mechanism of air negative oxygen ion and carrying out regional air quality assessment. In this study took air negative oxygen ions in Qianshan National Forest Park of Mufu Mountain area of Hubei Province as the research object, and used the long-term dynamic monitoring data to analyze the characteristics of diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air and the assessment of the concentration level. The relationship between negative oxygen ion and air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, PM2.5 and other environmental factors was studied as well, so as to provide scientific basis for environmental quality assessment and ecological service function assessment in this region. The results showed that the distribution of negative oxygen ion concentration showed obvious seasonal variation, with the highest concentration in summer and the lowest concentration in winter, and the overall pattern was summer > autumn > spring > winter. The maximum monthly mean was in August and the minimum monthly mean was in January. The concentration of negative oxygen ions was positively correlated with air temperature, negatively correlated with relative humidity and PM2.5, and had no obvious correlation with wind speed. The mean concentration of negative oxygen ions in Qianshan National Forest Park was 2191/cm3, which had excellent air negative oxygen ion ecological health resources.

  SnRK2 Gene Family in Plants: A Review LI Na, ZHANG Wenyu, SUN Gang, SONG Han, HU Xiuqin, XIN Jie, WANG Zhen 2023, 39 (30):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0923 Abstract + ( 170 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1131KB )   ( 31 ) Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2) is a ubiquitous protein kinase in plants. It belongs to the Ser/Thr class of protein kinases, and can play a role in various signal transductions. In order to study the role of SnRK2 protein kinase in plant stress resistance, this study analyzed the characteristics and research process of SnRK2 gene family, summarized the functions of SnRK2 gene in regulating stomatal size of plant leaf, responding to drought stress and salt stress, and responding to seed germination and development. It was pointed out that SnRK2 gene played a role in various signal transductions, which could effectively improve plant stress resistance. It is of great significance for ABA response, plant growth and development, and it provides a reference basis for future research on the molecular mechanism of SnRK2 and plant variety cultivation.

  LncRNA Sequencing Identification of Virus Species and the Sequence Analysis of Jiangxi Yanshan Red Bud Taro YIN Minghua, JIANG Ling, YAO Huiting, SONG Yuetao, WANG Mengqing, WANG Peiqi, ZHANG Yixin 2023, 39 (30):  114-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0886 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2173KB )   ( 35 ) The aims were to explore the main virus types and sequence information of Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro, and provide a basis for its virus-free plantlet cultivation. LncRNA sequencing technology was used to determine the virus species of Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro, and RT-PCR technology, bioinformatics analysis software, and qRT-PCR technology were used for virus validation, sequence analysis, and tissue expression analysis. Two viruses, taro mosaic virus (DsMV) and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), were detected in red bud taro from Yanshan, Jiangxi. The total cDNA lengths of DsMV and CaMV genes were 1780 bp and 5412 bp, respectively, encoding 592 and 1803 amino acids. The protein secondary structure of DsMV and CaMV poly protein was composed of alpha helix, extended strand and random coil, and its tertiary structure was composed of monomeric proteins. DsMV and CaMV were both infected in the roots, stems, and leaves of Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro, but both had the highest expression levels in the leaves. The main types of viruses infecting Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro had been identified, and CaMV had been detected for the first time in Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro.

  Growth Promoting Characteristics of Rhizosphere Growth Promoting Bacteria of Codonopsis pilosula and Effects of Its Volatile Substances on Crop Growth MENG Jing, ZHANG Lihui, BAI Bianxia, REN Jiahong 2023, 39 (30):  123-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0959 Abstract + ( 161 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1597KB )   ( 1446 ) The growth-promoting characteristics of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain DM11 and the effects of volatile compounds (VOCs) produced by DM11 on plant growth were investigated. DM11 was identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical indexes, BIOLOG system and 16s rDNA sequence. The VOCs were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). The antifungal activity and growth-promoting effects on cucumber and tomato of VOCs produced by strain DM11 were studied by the dual culture on two-section of a Petri dish. The growth-promoting characteristics of the strain and its growth-promoting effect on seedlings were determined. DM11 was identified as Pseudomonas thivervalensis, which was shown to produce IAA, siderophore, solubilize insoluble phosphate, fix nitrogen and tolerate salt stress. The VOCs produced by strain DM11 could promote the growth of cucumber and tomato and the indexes related to induced systemic resistance (ISR). There were 4 kinds of VOCs, and the main component 1-undecene could promote the growth of two crops and inhibit the growth of three pathogenic fungi..DM11 can promote the growth of cucumber and tomato, and the number of leaves and seedling height increased by 15.94%, 11.63%, 7.50% and 6.55%, respectively. DM11 strain and its VOCs have the potential to be developed as biological agents.

  Co-toxicity and Field Control Efficacy of Mixtures of Bemystrobin and Tebuconazole to Fusarium head blight Caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch CHEN Hongzhou, WANG Bingbing, ZHANG Xinjian, YANG Hongfu, XU Chao, MIAO Kang, ZHANG Jianhua, ZHU Feng 2023, 39 (30):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0893 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 123 ) In order to exploit a new reagent for controlling fusarium head blight (FHB), the co-toxicity of mixtures of bemystrobin and tebuconazole to Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch and the field control efficacy of mixtures of bemystrobin and tebuconazole to FHB and DON in wheat grain and wheat powdery mildew (WPM) had been measured, respectively. The indoor toxicity of bemystrobin, tebuconazole and their eleven mixtures on G. zeae (Schw.) Petch had been detected by using mycelium growth rate method, and the field control tests of the optimum formulation had been conducted. The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the mixture of bemystrobin and tebuconazole at the ratio of 1:9 with the synergistic coefficients of 2.0804 could provide most significant synergistic effect. The results of the field control efficacy showed that the FHB disease index (DI) and DON control efficacy of 37% bemystrobin·tebuconazole SC 450 g/hm2 were 92.86% and 89.49%, respectively, while the control efficacy against WPM DI on the 21th day after 2 times of spraying were 85.84%, both of which were higher than the control efficacy of the common fungicide carbendazim or tebuconazole, and it was safe for wheat growth. 37% bemystrobin·tebuconazole SC provided excellent control efficacy on FHB and DON in wheat grain, and provided good simultaneous control efficacy on WPM, which can be developed as a FHB control agent.

  Effect of Soil Type and Water Content on the Development and Eclosion of Frankliniella Intonsa Pseudopupa PAN Rundong, LI Peizheng, HAN Dongyin, FU Yueguan, ZHAN Canlan, LI Lei 2023, 39 (30):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0910 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 234 ) Based on the current knowledge that Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) prefers pupating in soil, the effects of soil types and water contents on the pupation and eclosion of F. intonsa were examined to provide some important evidence for controlling F. intonsa pseudopupae. The clay, loam and sandy soils were collected and dried at 105℃. Then the pure water was added till the water contents of the three types of soil reached 3.00%, 5.00%, 10.00%, 15.00%, 20.00%, and 25.00%. Subsequently, the 2nd-instar nymphs were put into the three types of soil with different water contents to observe the pupation and eclosion of F. intonsa. Soil type and water content significantly affected the eclosion of F. intonsa, and their interactions were significant (P<0.05). In all tested soils, the eclosion rate of F. intonsa first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil water content. Hereinto, the eclosion rate of F. intonsa was highest in the sandy soil with 10.00% water content, which was up to 77.50%, followed by the 63.33% eclosion rate in the clay soil with 15.00% water content. However, the eclosion rate of F. intonsa was highest in the loam soil with 15.00% and 20.00% water content, which were 50.00% and 47.50%, respectively. In addition, the eclosion peak of F. intonsa occurred on the 4th day in the sandy soil with 15.00% water content, but the peak appeared on the 3rd day in the sandy soil with other water contents, and the clay and loam soil with all water contents. The pupation and eclosion of F. intonsa are restricted by the soil type and water content. Their pupation and eclosion can be interfered by controlling the soil moisture in the field.

  Mechanism of Continuous Collapse Resistance and Component Sensitivity Analysis of Multi-Span Greenhouse HU Yanni, HE Bin, FAN Quan, ZHANG Jinhao, LIANG Yusong, FAN Bin 2023, 39 (30):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0845 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1534KB )   ( 56 ) In order to avoid the overall structural damage caused by the failure of local components, a Venlo type greenhouse in Xianyang area was selected as the research object, and an improved sensitivity analysis method was applied based on the basic mechanism of continuous collapse resistance, and the key components of the continuous greenhouse structure and their distribution were obtained. The design and optimization of the greenhouse skeleton section was carried out by MIDAS-GEN software, and then the sensitivity coefficient of the column was determined by combining the demolition member method and the sensitivity analysis method in ANSYS software. The results showed that: (1) the sensitivity coefficient of the long side column was close to that of middle column and greater than that of the short side column, and the sensitivity coefficient of the short side column was greater than that of the corner column; (2) the sensitivity coefficient of the long side column near both ends increased significantly, and the column with truss hinged had a slightly higher sensitivity coefficient than that of other columns; (3) the sensitivity coefficient of the middle column showed a positive correlation with the direct stress, while the long and short column were opposites. The research results can provide a reference for the optimization of multi-span greenhouse and the study of continuous collapse resistance.

  Development Trend of Ridging, Pipe Lying and Film Mulching Compound Operation Machinery ZHANG Pengcheng, SHENTU Liufang, SUN Xingzhao, ZHANG Wenyi 2023, 39 (30):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0810 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1517KB )   ( 38 ) To promote the sustainable development of agriculture, improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources, realize the mechanization and intelligence of the whole process of agricultural planting, and realize the yield increase and efficiency of root crops, the research progress of ridging and film mulching technology, ridging and film mulching machinery and film was summarized. It was found that China was relatively behind in intelligent agricultural machinery at present. The development idea of ridging, pipe laying and film mulching compound operation machinery was put forward to realize the effective utilization of water resources, mechanization of crop production and the intelligence control of dosage, and finally realize the yield increase and efficiency of root crops. It is expected to promote the further development of agricultural intelligence in the future.

  Analysis of Chemical Composition and Polyphenol Oxidase of Different Amorphophallus Bulbifer Varieties FU Jiarong, XU Rong, JIANG Shikuan, TIAN Yaohua, MA Shangxuan, YAN Li, ZOU Jianyun, GUO Gangjun 2023, 39 (30):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0935 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 24 ) In order to study the chemical composition and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) characteristics of different amorphophallus bulbifer varieties, the glucomannan, crude fiber, protein, alkaloid and heavy metal elements of five amorphophallus bulbifer varieties were determined and the optimum temperature, pH and thermal stability of PPO for three amorphophallus bulbifer varieties were studied. The results showed that glucomannan content of five amorphophallus bulbifer varieties ranged from 55.30% to 63.90%, crude fiber from 2.77% to 3.47%, protein from 8.08% to 10.50%, alkaloids from 1.73% to 1.89%, manganese from 4.36 to 12.50 mg/kg, cadmium from 0.0154 to 0.206 mg/kg, arsenic from 0 to 0.0102 mg/kg, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05); fat content ranged from 0.27% to 0.35% with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The optimum temperatures of PPO for ‘A. muelleri’, ‘XiDai 9’and ‘YunRe 1701’were 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 35 ℃, and the optimum pH were 6.0, 6.0 and 5.5. When the temperature reached 90 ℃, the PPO would be inactivated in a short time. There were differences in chemical composition and PPO of different varieties, and this study can provide some reference for the screening and processing of amorphophallus bulbifer varieties.