Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.29 Published:15 October 2023

  Transcriptomic Analysis of the Mosaic Leaf Mutant in Heliopsis helianthoides QIN Helan, LIANG Fang, JIN Yingshan, LI Zijing, ZHANG Hua, HU Xuefan 2023, 39 (29):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0180 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1706KB )   ( 34 ) To explore the molecular mechanism of leaf color changes in the mosaic mutants of Heliopsis helianthoides, green leaf plants (GL) and mosaic leaf mutants (WL) were used as materials to compare their leaf phenotypic changes, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The further validation was carried out by quantitative PCR technology. The results showed that the WL leaves significantly shortened and narrowed with white color between the leaf veins, leaf color RHS was 155A, and 137C in GL; the SPAD of WL leaves was only 25.85% of GL. A total of 2098 differentially expressed genes were obtained from transcriptome sequencing, among them 1172 were up-regulated and 926 were down-regulated in WL. 23 known genes were expressed differently, including light harvesting pigment protein complex LHC family genes, photosystem structural proteins genes PsaK and psbP. KEGG Pathway was the pathway of photosynthetic antenna protein, photosynthetic electron transfer and photophosphorylation. The molecular information of the mosaic leaf mutants of Heliopsis helianthoides was obtained at the transcription level in this study, laying the foundation for in-depth exploration of the genetic mechanism of leaf color mutation.

  Research Progress and Future Prospect of Biological Breeding of Sugar Beet ZHANG Yu, PI Zhi, LI Shengnan, WU Zedong 2023, 39 (29):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0156 Abstract + ( 166 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 79 ) Sugar beet is one of the major sugar crops in the world, and it has high sugar yield and good economic value. It is an indispensable crop to solve the problem of sugar security in China and one of the crops with very successful heterosis utilization. In order to rapidly select sugar beet varieties with high yield, high sugar and strong stress resistance, sugar beet breeding is gradually developing from conventional breeding to biological breeding, biological breeding will be the future direction of sugar beet breeding. In this paper, the biological breeding methods of sugar beet that have been applied in recent years were summarized, including molecular marker technology, haploid induction technology, genetic engineering, cell engineering and omics technology, the future development of beet biological breeding was also prospected.

  Coumarin Compounds of Genus Heracleum L. and Their Bioactivity: A Review PAN Yan, FAN Lili, SUN Haixia, SUN Yan, LI Sining 2023, 39 (29):  14-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0299 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1522KB )   ( 22 ) To provide a reference for the in-depth research and utilization of coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum, this review summarized the types and chemical structures of the identified coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum, concluded the research progress in aspects of anti-bacteria, anti-oxidation, anti-cell proliferation, anti-inflammation, toxicity, etc, and comparatively analyzed the difference between relevant domestic and foreign researches. It revealed the diversity of coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum and their values in medical and food industries. It proposed during the drug development process, there are problems, such as the research in its function is not deep or systemic enough, active ingredients are unclear, etc. It suggested fortifying research on its toxicity and efficacy and promoting the development and utilization of the genus Heracleum as a plant resource for foods and medicine.

  Comparison of Multi-year Growth Characteristics of Main Poplar Varieties in Jianghan Plain at Different Densities HUANG Guowei, ZHANG Xinye, MA Linjiang, LIU Hua, FAN Xiaoping, LONG Kailian, YAO Jingkui 2023, 39 (29):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0753 Abstract + ( 105 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 45 ) In order to compare the growth differences of different polar varieties at different densities, the main planting poplar varieties in Jianghan Plain were used as materials. By setting different planting densities, the growth characteristics of the experimental forest were continuously measured for 5 years. The results showed that different varieties had different responses to the planting density with the increase of stand age. At the density of 278 ind/hm2, the tree height of ‘Zhonglin 2025’ showed a significant advantage compared with that at other densities. However, other varieties had no significant difference in tree height at different densities with the increase of stand age. Different densities had great influence on the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the four main planting poplar varieties, and showed significant differences in the second year of afforestation. From the perspective of large diameter timber cultivation, the planting density for ‘Zhonglin 2025’ and ‘Danhong’ should be less than 278 ind/hm2, and the planting density for ‘Chulin 2’ and ‘Huashi 2’ should be below 333 ind/hm2. After 3 years of afforestation, the accumulation of ‘Zhonglin 2025’ at the density of 278 ind/hm2 exceeded that of other densities. For other varieties, the higher the density, the greater the accumulation. But with the increase of stand age, the difference of the accumulation of different varieties was narrowed. Comparing the growth characteristics of 5-year-old stands at different densities, it could be seen that the differences among different varieties and different densities reached a significant level. On the whole, in Jianghan Plain, ‘Danhong’ and ‘Huashi 2’ have greater promotion and utilization value than ‘Zhonglin 2025’ and ‘Chulin 2’. ‘Zhonglin 2025’ is not suitable for dense planting, and other three varieties can be planted at a density of 833 ind/hm2 within 5 years, followed by adjusting the density and gradually thinning, in order to meet the needs of tree growth and quality improvement, and get high benefit.

  In Vitro Regeneration and Genetic Transformation System of Willow: Research Progress LIU Yuan, LI Jihong, QIN Guanghua, LIU Cuishuang, SUN Maotong, NIU Muge, WANG Jinnan 2023, 39 (29):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0851 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 36 ) Willow has attracted attention because of its medicinal value, ecological restoration capacity and potential as a bioenergy source. In recent years, many excellent willow varieties have been cultivated, and candidate genes related to economic traits and stress resistance have been identified in the genome of Salix. A large number of high-quality willow saplings can be obtained by establishing in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system, and the function of candidate genes can be studied. In order to have a clear understanding of different factors affecting willow regeneration and genetic transformation, this paper reviewed the research progress of willow in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation, including the selection of optimal medium for primary culture, subculture and rooting culture of different Salix species, the selection of optimal medium, hormone and explant type for callus induction, the effects of Agrobacterium type, concentration, infection time, preculture and co-culture time on genetic transformation, and the optimal concentration of kanamycin for selecting efficiency of genetic transformation. At present, there are still some difficulties in the regeneration and genetic transformation of willow callus. In this study, further research directions of willow callus regeneration and genetic transformation were discussed to provide reference for establishing the in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system of willow, and forming a foundation for the subsequent genetic engineering research and genetic improvement of willow.

  Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on Soil Microbial Biomass in Black Soil Region of Northeast China CAI Yaqi, BAO Tianli, JIAO Xiaoguang 2023, 39 (29):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0181 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1806KB )   ( 22 ) The biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have significant impacts on soil ecological functions. However, previous studies had primarily focused on arid and semi-arid regions, and there were few reports on biocrusts in cold regions. By exploring the effects of biocrusts on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, we aimed to clarify the influence and mechanism of biocrusts on soil microorganisms in farmland. The study would provide a scientific basis for land management and soil quality assessment in the black soil region of Northeast China. In this study, we used soil microorganisms as an indicator, and the biocrusts of the typical medium-thick black soils as object of study with the bare soil as control. Through field investigation combined with laboratory analysis, the effects of biocrusts on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN) and phosphorus (MBP) in the 0-2 cm (including biocrusted soil), 2-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers were analyzed. The results showed that the biocrusts significantly affected MBC, MBN, and MBP, the soil microbial biomass in biocrusted soil significantly higher than that of the bare soil. In the 0-2 cm soil layer, MBC, MBN, and MBP were 1.3, 1.2 and 4.5 times higher than that of bare soil, respectively; in the 2-5 cm soil layer, compared to bare soil, MBN and MBP in biocrusted soil increased by 24.0% and 59.7%, respectively, while MBC had no significant differences between the biocrusted soil and bare soil. For the 5-10 cm soil layer, MBC, MBN, and MBP in biocrusted soil were 26.4, 1.8 and 1.8 mg/kg higher than that of bare soil, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the total phosphorus, total potassium, total nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter were notably correlated with MBC, MBN, and MBP, indicating that the soil nutrients were key factors driving the changes of soil microbial biomass. In conclusion, the biocrusts in farmland soil significantly enhance the content of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus compared to bare soil. The study confirmed that the biocrusts markedly improved the fertility of farmland soil in the black soil region of Northeast China, further promoting the increases of soil microbial biomass.

  Effects of Conditioner on Rice Yield and Acid Soil Properties WANG Ronghui, LI Yumiao, YAO Jianwu, ZENG Ruikun, LI Tong, TANG Mingdeng, NING Jianfeng 2023, 39 (29):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0992 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 51 ) To reveal the relationship between the application amounts of soil conditioners from different material sources and the change rules of rice yield, biomass, biological characteristics, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, and soil nutrients under different dosages, three kinds of acid soil conditioner were prepared with calcium carbide waste slag, mine waste and lime as source materials, and three dosages of low-level (750 kg/hm2), medium-level (1125 kg/hm2) and high-level (1500 kg/hm2) were applied on the day before rice transplanting. Biological characteristics of crop yield, biomass and soil nutrient characteristics were observed during harvest period. The results showed that the effects of conditioners from different raw materials on rice yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of application amount. The yield and leaf length of each treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the leaf width showed no obvious rule. The pH value of soil showed a trend of increasing generally, and there was no significant difference in the effects on organic matter and total nutrients. The content of available potassium decreased obviously, and the content of available phosphorus decreased significantly at the high dosage of the three conditioners. In general, with calcium carbide waste slag as raw material, the rice yield of medium dosage treatment (T1M) was 8062.5 kg/hm2, 11.2% higher than that of the control, the difference reached a significant level, and the effect was good. Rational application of acid soil conditioner can improve rice yield in acidified soil. Different sources and application dosages have great differences in the effects on rice yield and other physiological indexes. It is suggested that necessary exploration tests should be carried out before large-scale application of acid soil conditioner.

  Trend Analysis of Rice Field Soil Nutrition Change in Nanping ZHU Ailing 2023, 39 (29):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0323 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 17 ) To explore and monitor soil fertility in rice field and its variation trend, and provide basis for rational fertilizing, nutrition analysis was conducted on paddy soil data among 2017 to 2021, which was collected annually from 543 sites in Nanping City. The results showed that paddy soil was acid, the overall pH value maintained an upward trend over time; the average content of soil organic matter was at middle level, the overall trend was downward, the proportion of middle and low level sample increased, while that of mid-high and high level sample decreased; the average content of available N (nitrogen) was at middle level, and declined over time; the average content of available P (phosphorus) was at high level, the proportion of low and middle level sample dropped, while that of mid-high and high level sample raised; the average content of available K (potassium) was at middle level, the proportion of low level sample went down, while proportion of middle, mid-high and high level went up. Through the analysis, a fertilization strategy was proposed for paddy soil, in which organic manure will be used jointly with chemical fertilizer with a rational ratio to maintain sustainable agricultural development. In terms of chemical fertilizer, formula should be adjusted according to soil fertility conditions in different regions, a balanced fertilization will be achieved by controlling N level, stabilizing K level and providing P in necessity.

  Spatial Variability Characteristics of Cultivated Land Soil pH and Its Dominating Factors in Xi’an City SUN Xijun, LV Shuang, GAO Ying, CAI Miao, MENG Jing, LI Quan 2023, 39 (29):  59-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0902 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1669KB )   ( 26 ) Based on high-density sampling in the field, the spatial variability of soil pH and its influencing factors in cultivated land in Xi’an were analyzed by using the methods of geostatistics and GIS. The results showed that: (1) soil pH of cultivated land ranged from 5.8 to 8.9, with an average of pH 7.63±0.57. Meanwhile, coefficient of variation was 7.47%, which indicated a weak variability. (2) When ordinary Kriging interpolation was performed, soil pH was best fitted by the spherical model with no order trend effect, and the model nugget coefficient was 26.30%, showing a moderate spatial correlation. (3) Soil pH of cultivated land generally showed an increasing trend from south to north in the spatial distribution. The ratio of acidic soil, neutral soil, alkaline soil and highly alkaline soil were 1.47 %, 25.16%, 72.83% and 0.54%, respectively. In general, cultivated land soil in Xi’an was mainly alkaline and neutral soil. (4) The factors of soil parent material, soil type, soil texture, landform type, soil organic matter and elevation had significant impacts on spatial variability of soil pH. Altitude, soil type and soil parent material were able to independently explain 21.7%, 10.9% and 7.7% of soil pH spatial variability, and that far higher than other factors. So altitude, soil type and soil parent material could be used as the three main dominating factors for analyzing the spatial variability of soil pH in cultivated land in Xi’an. The research results could provide a reference for balanced fertilization management, cultivated land quality protection and upgrading regional ecological environment construction in Xi’an.

  Reserve Cultivated Land Resources and Ecological Risk Assessment in 2021: Taking Danjiangkou City as an Example SUN Pei, ZHOU Lingyun, YI Jiewei, ZHANG Chi, WANG Wenwen, YIN Wei 2023, 39 (29):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0899 Abstract + ( 100 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2130KB )   ( 22 ) To implement the strictest farmland protection system and further standardize the balance management of arable land occupation and compensation, Danjiangkou City had carried out the survey and evaluation of arable land reserve resources in the whole region. Taking the base map data of farmland reserve resources survey and evaluation in Danjiangkou City issued by Hubei Province as the research object, according to the evaluation criteria in the “Work Plan for the Survey and Evaluation of Cultivated Land Reserve Resources in Hubei Province” (EZZB [2021] No.15), the evaluation of farmland reserve resources in Danjiangkou was carried out, and further risk assessment was carried out on the plots that were evaluated as suitable for cultivation. The evaluation results showed that the total suitable arable land area of the survey and evaluation of cultivated land reserve resources in Danjiangkou City was 106.5 hm2, accounting for 43.15% of the area of the assessment base map. Among which 56.2 hm2 was grassland and 50.3 hm2 was bare land. The areas suitable for cultivation were at or below the middle risk, and the area of low risk was only 4.9 hm2, accounting for 1.97% of the area of the assessment base map. The area of lower risk was 74.5 hm2, accounting for 30.18% of the area of the assessment base map. The area of medium risk was about 27.1 hm2, accounting for 10.99% of the area of the assessment base map. The reserve cultivated land in Danjiangkou City had a large area with medium ecological risk, which was mainly distributed around the reservoir area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and required appropriate ecological protection and restoration.

  Methodology and Application of Weather Level Forecasting of Rice Sheath Blight CHU Daiwei, ZHANG Zhouna, WANG Qiongjie, HONG Ran, XUE Wenjing 2023, 39 (29):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1008 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 26 ) To establish a prediction model for rice sheath blight based on weather forecasting products, so that we can judge the degree of the influence of weather trends on disease occurrence and provide early warning of it, and improve control efficiency. By means of comprehensive analysis of rice sheath blight field observation data from 1987 to 2019, we screened out disease monitoring periods and disease promoting meteorological indicators. Next, we proposed a daily disease promoting index calculation method based on the disease occurrence mechanism. Meanwhile, we constructed a disease plant rate prediction model and grading scheme on account of daily disease promoting index, combined with weather forecasting products for operational application in 2020. The results showed that there was a highly significant linear correlation between the daily disease promotion index and daily disease plant rate which came to 0.797 (P<0.001), Y=-0.032+0.147X (R2=0.634). In addition, the accuracy of model back verification was 83.3%; the average forecast accuracy of the applied model from 2018 to 2020 was 82.4%. In consequence, the meteorological forecast levels are in good agreement with the actual disease in the field and can be used in daily weather level forecasting operations for rice sheath blight.

  Characteristics of Climate Change and Its Effects on Cotton Growth Period and Yield in Qiemo HU Qirui, WANG Xuejiao, JI Chunrong, YANG Mingfeng, HUANG Qiuxia, WANG Xiaojun 2023, 39 (29):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0916 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1669KB )   ( 42 ) To explore the characteristics of climate change and its influence on development period and yield of cotton, based on the data of temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of Qiemo national benchmark climate station from 1961 to 2021, and combined with the data of development period and yield of cotton, the authors analyzed the characteristics of climate change and its impact on cotton development period and yield by using linear trend method and climate trend rate. The results showed that: 1961 to 2021, the average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and 5 cm average ground temperature in the growing season of Qiemo County showed linear upward trends; the precipitation and the ≥10℃ accumulated temperatures showed slight increase trends, sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend; the maximum temperature and high temperature duration days from July to August showed significant upward trends. The first frost date was postponed, the last frost date was advanced, and the number of frost-free days increased significantly. There was a negative correlation between air temperature and ground temperature from seedling stage to flowering stage, and a positive correlation between air temperature and ground temperature from boll opening stage to harvest stage. The number of cotton bolls was positively correlated with the average minimum temperature and ≥10°C accumulated temperature. The cotton yield was positively correlated with air temperature, sunshine hours and 5 cm ground temperature. Under the climate change, the sowing to flowering period of cotton in Qiemo County was advanced, the mature stage was delayed, and the whole growth period was prolonged. The increase of heat resources in the growing season of cotton was generally conducive to the improvement of cotton yield and quality, but we should pay attention to the adverse effects of high temperature in summer on the development of cotton bolls in Qiemo County.

  Growth Characteristics of Natural Herbage and Its Response to Climate Change in the Headwaters of Heihe River LEI Youhong, LIU Dan 2023, 39 (29):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1003 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 23 ) To better understand the characteristics of natural forage growth in the source of the Heihe and the impact of climate change on natural forage, this paper used natural forage data and climatic data from 2003 to 2021 from the ecological monitoring sites of Yanglong and Arou in the hinterland of the source of the Heihe, and employed the linear trend method, correlation analysis and temperature rebound coefficient calculation to study the height, cover, yield, re-greening and yellowing periods of natural forage in the source of the Heihe and the meteorological factors affecting them. The results showed that both the height and cover of natural forage grasses showed increasing trends at different rates, and the yield of natural forage grasses showed increasing trend at different rates. The greening period was advanced at a rate of -1.65 d/10 a, the wilting period was delayed at a rate of 1.70 d/10 a, and the growth period of natural forage was extended. From the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors on the growth of natural forage, it was concluded that water and heat conditions were the main factors affecting the growth of natural forage, and there was a significant correlation between the re-greening period of natural forage and the first day of ≥0℃ and the first day of ≥3℃, and there was a significant correspondence between the trend of increasing precipitation and the trend of increasing the height and cover of natural forage, more rain in the previous autumn might delay the re-greening period of natural forage, and less rain might make the re-greening period earlier. In addition to water and heat conditions, sunshine, ground temperature, frozen soil and wind speed had certain effects on the growth of natural grass, but the effects were minimal.

  Climatic Feasibility Research on the Popularization of Six Multiple Cropping Systems in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area ZHU Yongning, LI Yang, LI Jianping, NAN Xuejun, DU Hongjuan, GE Jing, MA Yang, LI Jianxiu, YANG Song 2023, 39 (29):  93-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0783 Abstract + ( 74 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1750KB )   ( 24 ) To explore the change characteristics of climate resources, the utilization rate of climate resources and the frequency of agrometeorological disasters of different multiple cropping models in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, and then precisely study the climatic feasibility of the promotion of different multiple cropping models in the Yellow River irrigation area under the background of climate change, so as to provide theoretical support for optimizing the crop layout structure and improving the utilization rate of climate resources in the Yellow River irrigation area, six field crossover experiments of multiple cropping of winter wheat—rice, winter wheat—silage corn, winter herbage—rice, spring wheat—forage barley, forage barley—sunflower and winter herbage—silage corn, were carried out from 2019 to 2020 in Wuzhong City, Ningxia. Based on meteorological data, field experiment data and socio-economic data, the utilization rate of climate resources and the frequency of agrometeorological disasters of various multiple cropping modes were analyzed to explore the climatic feasibility of large-scale extension of different multiple cropping models in the irrigated area of Yellow River in Ningxia. The results showed that the heat resources increased significantly, while the sunshine resources and precipitation resources did not change significantly during 1971 to 2020. The light energy utilization rate and light temperature resources utilization rate of the complex mode were 0.16% and 18.66% higher than the existing single mode, respectively. Combined with the guarantee rate of climate resources and the occurrence frequency of agrometeorological disasters (winter wheat/winter herbage overwintering freezing damage, dry hot air of wheat, low temperature freezing damage of rice, high temperature heat damage/lodging of silage corn), we got the scalability of six multiple cropping models in different regions: winter herbage—rice was suitable for promotion in Helan, Yinchuan, Litong District and Dawukou District, and could be tested in a small range in Huinong, Taole, Yongning, Zhongning, Pingluo and Qingtongxia; winter wheat—rice could be popularized in Litong District and planted in small areas in Qingtongxia, Zhongning, Yongning and Yinchuan; winter wheat—silage corn was suitable for promotion in Litong District, Qingtongxia and Zhongning, and Yongning and Yinchuan could use the model for the choice of “three-ripening system in two years”; spring wheat—forage barley, forage barley—sunflower and winter herbage—silage corn could be popularized in all irrigation area of Yellow River in Ningxia. Climate warming provides favorable conditions for multiple cropping in the irrigated area of Yellow River in Ningxia. The average utilization rate of light energy and light temperature resources of the existing single model is lower than that of the multi-cropping model. The frequency of agrometeorological disasters is different in different regions. Therefore, the multi-cropping model should be promoted according to local conditions to improve the utilization rate of climate resources and the output per unit area.

  Construction of Drought Comprehensive Risk Index and Risk Regionalization Based on MCI Index GAN Chenlong, SHI Jiqing, PUBU Duoji, ZHOU Kanshe 2023, 39 (29):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1039 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1654KB )   ( 28 ) Based on the yield data, growth period data and meteorological data of the main highland barley planting areas in Tibet, the hazard index model of the disaster factors, the exposure index model of the disaster-bearing body, the vulnerability index model of the disaster-bearing body, the drought-resistance index model and the corresponding index system applicable to the drought disaster risk assessment of the main highland barley planting areas in Tibet were established, and the comprehensive risk assessment model of the drought disaster in the main highland barley planting areas in Tibet was constructed. On this basis, the risk assessment and zoning of drought disasters were carried out, and the MCI index and comprehensive risk index of drought disasters were verified by using the historical drought frequency data. The results showed that the hazard index model of hazard factors based on MCI index had good applicability in the main highland barley planting areas in Tibet. The comprehensive risk of drought disaster was generally low in the middle and high on both sides. The high risk areas were concentrated in the west of the study area. The secondary high and medium risk areas were distributed in Nimu, Gongga, Sana, Mangkang and other places. The secondary low risk areas were mainly concentrated in Changdu, the middle of Shannan City, Chayu and other places. The low risk areas were concentrated in most of Linzhi City, the west of Changdu City, and the eastern edge of Shannan City.

  Study on the Mechanism of Aphid Adaptation to Drought XU Chunhao, JING Tianxing, YANG Yizhong 2023, 39 (29):  109-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0906 Abstract + ( 110 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1036KB )   ( 34 ) Aphid is a worldwide pest with small body size and large surface to body ratio. Its growth, development and outbreak are closely related to environmental humidity. Numerous studies have shown that drought stress had a direct impact on the biological characteristics of aphids including life history, developmental rate, migration characteristics, and reproductive capacity; meanwhile, drought stress also activated plant defense system, and affected growth, development, and parasitic behavior of natural enemies to further affect the development of aphids. To adapt drought environment, aphids have developed a range of drought resistance mechanisms including osmoregulation, epidermal hydrocarbon synthesis, and related enzyme systems response. This paper reviews the direct and indirect effects of drought stress on aphids and the mechanisms of aphids’ adaptation to drought. It will help us to propose aphid integrated control strategies.

  Characteristics of Community Structure of Moth Under Light-trap in Soybean Field in Jingyue LI Xiaofeng, WANG Di, WANG Shengyuan, WANG Long, GAO Hexin, GAO Yu, SHI Shusen 2023, 39 (29):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0836 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 26 ) This paper presents a preliminary study to clarify the moth community under lights in soybean fields in Jingyue area of Changchun City. Daily light trap monitoring was carried out by Jiaduo insect detection lamps, diversity measure method was used to analyze the number of species, relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener’s index, Margalef’s index, Simpon’s index and Pielou’s index of the moth community. A total of 10208 specimens were collected in this area, including 14 families and 110 species. The dominant families were the Noctuidae and Crambidae moth, and the dominant species were Ostrinia furnacalis, Xestia (Megasema) c-nigrum, Mythimna separata, etc. The degree of similarity of the moths varied considerably between months. The season of occurrence of the pests was mainly from June to August. According to the dynamic variation of moth diversity under light-trap over time, the Simpon’s index and Pielou’s index followed the same trend over time. According to the occurrence dynamics of the dominant species of pests in this area, we can accurately predict and control the dominant pest species at appropriate time. This study provides evidence for integrated pest management of agricultural pests and guidelines for production practices.

  Physiological Responses to Drought Stress in Glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible Biotypes of Eleusine indica GUO Wenlei, ZHANG Chun, ZHANG Taijie, TIAN Xingshan 2023, 39 (29):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1015 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 22 ) In order to specify the response difference of glyphosate-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) biotypes of Eleusine indica to drought stress, using the R biotype with EPSPS gene amplification and the S biotype as research materials, the physiological indicators of the two biotypes were analyzed and compared under normal water (CK) and drought stress (DS) treatments. The results showed that, under CK treatment, there were no significant differences in root morphological parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic parameters between the R and S biotype. However, under DS treatment, the root length, root tip number, root fork number and root crossing number of the S biotype were 2 times higher than that of the R biotype, and the S biotype (56.4%) had higher root:shoot ratio than the R biotype (48.2%). At 4 to 96 h after DS treatment, values of the Fv/Fm, Y (Ⅱ) and ETR (Ⅱ) of the S biotype were higher than that of the R biotype. Under DS treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of the S biotype [24.5 μmol/(m2·s)] was significantly higher than that of the R biotype [20.5 μmol/(m2·s)]. This study showed that there were significant differences in the responses to drought stress between the R and S biotype of E. indica, and the adaptability of the R biotype to drought stress was slightly lower than that of the S biotype.

  Differential Analysis of Organic Acids in Different Origins of Raspberry based on HPLC Combined with Multivariate Statistical Methods LV Bolong, LI Guozhu 2023, 39 (29):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0360 Abstract + ( 75 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1691KB )   ( 27 ) To investigate the differences of eight organic acids in raspberry from different origins, a method for measuring the content of eight organic acids at the same time by HPLC was established, in order to provide a theoretical basis for some sour substances in raspberry. The raspberry herb of the same harvesting period was taken as the research object, the quantitative methods of eight organic acid components were established by HPLC, and the differences were analyzed and compared by cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that the linear relationship of organic acids in the concentration range of 0.001-2.00 mg/mL was good, the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.326~1.114 μg/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.060~3.604 μg/mL, the average recovery rates were 97.40%-101.58%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.23%-2.34%. This method determines the content of organic acids in raspberry of different origins, both cluster analysis and OPLS-DA can effectively distinguish some production areas according to provinces, and the effect of OPLS-DA is better than CA, the origins can be clustered into 7 categories according to the province: Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Hunan. The PCA results showed that oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and acetic acid were the main organic acids in raspberry herbs. HPLC was established to analyze the differences on the content of eight organic acids in raspberry at the first time, and the origins are wide, the results are reliable, which could be used for the quality evaluation and preliminary differentiation of organic acid components in raspberry of different origins.

  Analysis of the Current Research Status of Wetland Ecosystem Service Functions Based on Web of Science WANG Mingyu, WENG Xiaohong, SONG Yu, HE Xin, ZENG Xiannan, SUI Xin 2023, 39 (29):  137-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0053 Abstract + ( 75 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1674KB )   ( 23 ) This study used bibliometric analysis to investigate the research status, hotspots, and trends of wetland ecosystem service functions on a global scale by using literature published between 2002 and 2022 in the Web of Science core database. VOS viewer software was employed to conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis on the publication volume, countries, core authors, research institutions, and research hotspots of wetland ecosystem service function research. The results showed that the number of papers published in the field was generally increasing; the United States and China are the two countries with the highest number of papers published in the field; the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the USGS are the research institutions with the highest number of papers published; a grouping of high-frequency keywords identifies the research hotspots as “Benefit”, “Soil”, “China”,and “Marsh”, which are closely related to wetland ecosystem services and provide a variety of research directions for the future development of the field. This study provides a reference for relevant researchers in the research trend and future research hotspots of wetland ecosystem services.

  Research Progress of Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology KE Ruilin, REN Lihua, MENG Shunlong 2023, 39 (29):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0883 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 34 ) With the continuous development of China's aquaculture industry, the improvement of aquaculture tailwater treatment technology becomes more and more urgent. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of industrialized aquaculture, untreated aquaculture tailwater not only increases the mortality rate of aquatic organisms in the surrounding environment, but also leads to eutrophication of surrounding water bodies, thereby limiting the development of aquaculture industry and affecting industrial upgrading. The current research on tailwater treatment process, the technologies for screening of water purification materials and ozone disinfection, and the current situation of constructed wetland technology were summarized in this study, and on this basis, the prospects were put forward to provide reference for optimizing the water purification mode and realizing ecological priority and green development of the aquaculture industry.

  Current Situation and Prevention & Control Mode of Major Diseases of Freshwater Aquaculture in China ZHAO Yongfeng, LIU Ledan, CHEN Qian, YU Kai, LUO Hong, GE Xianping 2023, 39 (29):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0898 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 20 ) In order to comprehensively understand the current status of major diseases in freshwater aquaculture across the country, and identify the existing drawbacks in disease prevention and control, we conducted a survey at the city level in freshwater aquaculture areas. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of disease data from different regions, the types of diseases (a total of 101 species, including 25 viral diseases, 25 bacterial diseases, 6 fungal and algal diseases, 32 parasitic diseases, and 13 other diseases), epidemiological patterns, severity of damage and control measures for aquaculture species across the country were clarified. By further analyzing the existing drawbacks in disease prevention and control, the targeted recommendations for guiding the future development of aquatic disease prevention and control are put forward.

  Microalgal Co-culture Treatment Wastewater and Its Downstream Products Resource Utilization: A Review XU Jing, WANG Meiqi, ZOU Jialin, LIN Yimeng, PING Wenxiang 2023, 39 (29):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0133 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1069KB )   ( 25 ) Microalgae, as the third generation biomass energy, has great potential in wastewater treatment. In order to seek more economical treatment methods, the co-culture of microalgae with other microorganisms can promote the flocculation harvest of microalgae and increase biomass and lipid production, thus reducing the cost of microalgae wastewater treatment. In this paper, the types of microalgae co-culture systems and the mechanisms, system settings, and influencing factors of microalgae co-culture treatment of wastewater were summarized. The current research of microalgae using wastewater as a growth substrate to produce high-value by-products was described, and the prospects and challenges of wastewater treatment and reutilization by microalgal co-culture were pointed out.