Climatic Feasibility Research on the Popularization of Six Multiple Cropping Systems in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0783

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the change characteristics of climate resources, the utilization rate of climate resources and the frequency of agrometeorological disasters of different multiple cropping models in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, and then precisely study the climatic feasibility of the promotion of different multiple cropping models in the Yellow River irrigation area under the background of climate change, so as to provide theoretical support for optimizing the crop layout structure and improving the utilization rate of climate resources in the Yellow River irrigation area, six field crossover experiments of multiple cropping of winter wheat—rice, winter wheat—silage corn, winter herbage—rice, spring wheat—forage barley, forage barley—sunflower and winter herbage—silage corn, were carried out from 2019 to 2020 in Wuzhong City, Ningxia. Based on meteorological data, field experiment data and socio-economic data, the utilization rate of climate resources and the frequency of agrometeorological disasters of various multiple cropping modes were analyzed to explore the climatic feasibility of large-scale extension of different multiple cropping models in the irrigated area of Yellow River in Ningxia. The results showed that the heat resources increased significantly, while the sunshine resources and precipitation resources did not change significantly during 1971 to 2020. The light energy utilization rate and light temperature resources utilization rate of the complex mode were 0.16% and 18.66% higher than the existing single mode, respectively. Combined with the guarantee rate of climate resources and the occurrence frequency of agrometeorological disasters (winter wheat/winter herbage overwintering freezing damage, dry hot air of wheat, low temperature freezing damage of rice, high temperature heat damage/lodging of silage corn), we got the scalability of six multiple cropping models in different regions: winter herbage—rice was suitable for promotion in Helan, Yinchuan, Litong District and Dawukou District, and could be tested in a small range in Huinong, Taole, Yongning, Zhongning, Pingluo and Qingtongxia; winter wheat—rice could be popularized in Litong District and planted in small areas in Qingtongxia, Zhongning, Yongning and Yinchuan; winter wheat—silage corn was suitable for promotion in Litong District, Qingtongxia and Zhongning, and Yongning and Yinchuan could use the model for the choice of “three-ripening system in two years”; spring wheat—forage barley, forage barley—sunflower and winter herbage—silage corn could be popularized in all irrigation area of Yellow River in Ningxia. Climate warming provides favorable conditions for multiple cropping in the irrigated area of Yellow River in Ningxia. The average utilization rate of light energy and light temperature resources of the existing single model is lower than that of the multi-cropping model. The frequency of agrometeorological disasters is different in different regions. Therefore, the multi-cropping model should be promoted according to local conditions to improve the utilization rate of climate resources and the output per unit area.

Key words: Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area, multiple cropping, guarantee rate, agrometeorological disasters, climatic feasibility

ZHU Yongning, LI Yang, LI Jianping, NAN Xuejun, DU Hongjuan, GE Jing, MA Yang, LI Jianxiu, YANG Song. Climatic Feasibility Research on the Popularization of Six Multiple Cropping Systems in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(29): 93-102.

Figures/Tables 7

试验处理	种植模式
T₁	冬小麦—水稻
T₂	冬小麦—青贮玉米
T₃	冬牧草—水稻
T₄	春小麦—饲草大麦
T₅	饲草大麦—向日葵
T₆	冬牧草-青贮玉米

参数	意义	水稻	春小麦	冬小麦	青贮玉米	冬牧草	饲草大麦	向日葵
$α$	植物群体反射率	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.08
$β$	植物繁茂群体透光率	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.10	0.10	0.06
$γ$	超过光饱和点光的比例	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02
$ρ$	作物非光合器官截获的辐射比例	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
$ω$	呼吸作用的耗损率	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.30	0.33	0.33	0.32
$φ$	光合作用量子效率	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
$λ$	植物体无机养分含量	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
$χ$	含水率	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
f(L)	作物叶面积动态变化订正值	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.58	0.56	0.56	0.64
E	经济系数	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.40	0.45	0.45	0.32
H	作物干重热值	16.9	17.8	17.8	17.2	17.8	17.8	18.0
ε	光合有效辐射能量占总辐射能量的比例	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49

参数	意义	水稻	春小麦	冬小麦	青贮玉米	冬牧草	饲草大麦	向日葵
$α$	植物群体反射率	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.08
$β$	植物繁茂群体透光率	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.10	0.10	0.06
$γ$	超过光饱和点光的比例	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02
$ρ$	作物非光合器官截获的辐射比例	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
$ω$	呼吸作用的耗损率	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.30	0.33	0.33	0.32
$φ$	光合作用量子效率	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
$λ$	植物体无机养分含量	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
$χ$	含水率	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
f(L)	作物叶面积动态变化订正值	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.58	0.56	0.56	0.64
E	经济系数	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.40	0.45	0.45	0.32
H	作物干重热值	16.9	17.8	17.8	17.2	17.8	17.8	18.0
ε	光合有效辐射能量占总辐射能量的比例	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49

农业气象灾害	指标
冬小麦越冬冻害	年极端最低气温<-22℃
冬牧草越冬冻害	年极端最低气温<-25℃
小麦干热风	日最高气温>32℃，且14:00时空气相对湿度<30%
水稻孕穗期低温冷害	8月上旬日最低气温≤15℃
水稻抽穗扬花期低温冷害	8月中旬日最低气温≤12℃
青贮玉米高温热害	8月下旬到9月上旬日最高气温≥32℃
青贮玉米倒伏	土壤相对湿度≥90%，且风速≥12.0 m/s；或者风速大于≥13.9 m/s

作物种植模式	经济产量/(kg/hm²)	光能利用率/%	光温资源利用率/%
水稻	8775	0.95	36.02
春小麦	5700	0.75	23.84
玉米	9150	1.08	36.83
冬牧草—水稻	14490	0.83	42.03
冬小麦—水稻	22508	1.16	72.72
冬小麦—青贮玉米	16508	1.04	59.61
春小麦—饲草大麦	14488	1.29	42.40
饲草大麦—向日葵	13650	1.12	37.70

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