Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0362

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbial exopolysaccharides have important characteristics such as renewability, biodegradability, strong adsorption, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. They have multiple applications in fields of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental protection. Previous studies mainly focused on the isolation, purification and structure of microbial exopolysaccharides, but there were few reports on the relationship between the structure and function of microbial exopolysaccharides and the role of exopolysaccharides in environmental protection. In order to elucidate the structure-function relationship of microbial exopolysaccharides and expand their applications, this article reviews the impacts of monosaccharide composition, molecular mass, functional groups, glycosidic linkages, and surface morphology on their functions. Furthermore, potential applications of microbial exopolysaccharides in wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and antibiotic elimination for environmental protection are summarized. Due to the low yield and biological activity of microbial exopolysaccharides, their extensive industrial application is limited. It is expected that the yield of microbial exopolysaccharides can be enhanced through genetic engineering techniques, structural modification, and optimization of fermentation conditions and promote their development and application in environmental protection.

Key words: microbial exopolysaccharides, structure-function, bioremediation, environment protection, application

YANG Yi, ZHAO Shouqi, GE Jingping, SONG Gang, DU Renpeng. Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(9): 66-74.

Figures/Tables 1

References 79

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EPS	菌株	单体	糖苷键	应用	文献
凝胶多糖	A. radiobacter	葡萄糖、蔗糖	β-(1,3)	用作食品添加剂，以改善食品的粘弹性，稳定性和奶油味，也用作胶凝剂和固定基质。	[6]
葡聚糖	明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc), 链球菌(Streptococcus), 魏斯氏菌(Weissella), 片球菌属(Pediococcus)	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)	用作化妆品中的保湿剂和增稠剂，并添加到烘焙产品和糖果中，以提高柔软度或保湿性，防止结晶，并增加食品工业中的粘度、流变性、质地和体积。此外，它还用作组织、细胞培养中的微载体。	[7]
结冷胶	少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 (Sphingomonas paucimobilis)	葡萄糖、鼠李糖	α-(1,3)、β-(1,4)	用作食品添加剂，在各种食品中用作稳定剂、增稠剂、结构化剂和通用胶凝剂。此外，它还用作乳酸菌的微胶囊基质。	[8]
果聚糖	醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter), 芽孢杆菌(Bacillus), 乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)	果糖	β-(2, 6)、β-(2,1)	用于生产糖果，作为粘性剂和稳定剂。	[9]
普鲁兰多糖	A.pullulans	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)、α-(1,4)	用于食品和制药行业。支链淀粉和普鲁兰多糖衍生物可以作为基因或蛋白质的潜在载体，并且可以制成生理上可接受的口服薄膜。	[10]
黄原胶	野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)	葡萄糖、糖醛酸、丙酮酸	α-(1,4)、β-(1,3)	在食品工业中广泛用作增粘剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂。还用于采油、制药、化妆品、农业、纺织等行业。	[11]
硬葡聚糖	齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	可用于调味品和冰淇淋。它也可以用于制造化妆品，即护发素、剃须泡沫等。	[12]
酵母β-葡聚糖	酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、 β-(1,6)、α-(1, 4)、β-(1, 4)	对治疗高胆固醇血症和糖尿病有积极作用。	[13]
香菇多糖	香菇(Lentinula edodes)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	在艾滋病患者中显示免疫刺激作用。	[14]

EPS	菌株	单体	糖苷键	应用	文献
凝胶多糖	A. radiobacter	葡萄糖、蔗糖	β-(1,3)	用作食品添加剂，以改善食品的粘弹性，稳定性和奶油味，也用作胶凝剂和固定基质。	[6]
葡聚糖	明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc), 链球菌(Streptococcus), 魏斯氏菌(Weissella), 片球菌属(Pediococcus)	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)	用作化妆品中的保湿剂和增稠剂，并添加到烘焙产品和糖果中，以提高柔软度或保湿性，防止结晶，并增加食品工业中的粘度、流变性、质地和体积。此外，它还用作组织、细胞培养中的微载体。	[7]
结冷胶	少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 (Sphingomonas paucimobilis)	葡萄糖、鼠李糖	α-(1,3)、β-(1,4)	用作食品添加剂，在各种食品中用作稳定剂、增稠剂、结构化剂和通用胶凝剂。此外，它还用作乳酸菌的微胶囊基质。	[8]
果聚糖	醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter), 芽孢杆菌(Bacillus), 乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)	果糖	β-(2, 6)、β-(2,1)	用于生产糖果，作为粘性剂和稳定剂。	[9]
普鲁兰多糖	A.pullulans	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)、α-(1,4)	用于食品和制药行业。支链淀粉和普鲁兰多糖衍生物可以作为基因或蛋白质的潜在载体，并且可以制成生理上可接受的口服薄膜。	[10]
黄原胶	野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)	葡萄糖、糖醛酸、丙酮酸	α-(1,4)、β-(1,3)	在食品工业中广泛用作增粘剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂。还用于采油、制药、化妆品、农业、纺织等行业。	[11]
硬葡聚糖	齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	可用于调味品和冰淇淋。它也可以用于制造化妆品，即护发素、剃须泡沫等。	[12]
酵母β-葡聚糖	酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、 β-(1,6)、α-(1, 4)、β-(1, 4)	对治疗高胆固醇血症和糖尿病有积极作用。	[13]
香菇多糖	香菇(Lentinula edodes)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	在艾滋病患者中显示免疫刺激作用。	[14]