Effect of Biochar Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients: A Review

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0062

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency and deal with single manure application problems such as dosage, fertilizer efficiency, and nutrient leaching, “biochar”, “compost”, “biochar manure application”, “soil properties” and “crop nutrients” were used as keywords to search and summarize relevant literatures on sources of Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet and others. The results showed that: (1) biochar improved the maturity of composting, increased the abundance of microbial communities, and reduced the risk of nutrient leaching in organic fertilizers, thus effectively reducing the environmental impact of traditional composting; (2) manure combined with biochar could improve soil moisture condition, and increase the contents of the available phosphorus and available potassium of different types of soils. Meanwhile, it could also provide better living materials and an environment for soil organisms and microorganisms; (3) the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could increase the yield of crops and improve the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while different types of crops responded to them differently. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer enhanced soil fertility and plant nutrition, and its effect varied with the application rate, type of soil and crop and other factors. Our studies could provide a reference for efficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources in agricultural production.

Key words: organic fertilizer, biochar, co-application, nutrient content, soil nutrients

MA Danni, SHENG Jiandong, ZHANG Kun, MAO Jiefei, CHANG Song, WANG Yaofeng. Effect of Biochar Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 42-51.

Figures/Tables 3

References 89

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原料	温度/℃	C/%	H/%	O/%	N/%	P/%	K/%
小麦秸秆^[27]	300	51.70			1.38	0.26	3.00
	400	62.00			0.94	0.30	3.20
	500	66.20			0.85	0.34	3.60
玉米秸秆^[28]	400	56.46	2.86	39.21	1.29
	450	57.14	2.54	38.95	1.20
	500	58.85	2.81	37.02	1.17
	550	59.29	2.50	36.91	1.13
	600	60.84	2.15	35.87	1.00
油菜秸秆^[29]	300	71.03	4.66	21.48	2.07
	400	77.13	4.14	16.27	1.43
	500	81.66	3.04	13.27	0.94
	600	85.79	2.19	10.09	0.77
	700	86.82	1.54	10.06	0.67
水稻秸秆^[27,30]	300	45.20			0.12	0.11	3.6
	400	55.50			0.98	0.13	4.1
	500	63.00			0.85	0.14	4.8
	300	54.62	3.10	40.97	1.31
	400	58.70	2.61	37.73	0.96
	500	64.80	2.08	32.34	0.78
	600	66.47	1.63	31.52	0.38
	700	68.67	1.55	29.45	0.33
草皮草^[31]	450	59.38	2.44	16.67	1.78
	500	57.93	2.21	17.34	1.72
	550	55.24	1.83	17.63	1.66
竹片^[29]	300	64.57	4.85	25.72	0.11
	400	75.84	4.17	19.28	0.17
	500	84.50	3.19	11.93	0.21
	600	90.38	2.28	10.26	0.20
	700	92.28	1.58	10.29	0.21
松木屑^[32]	550	80.00			0.37		0.23
木材混合物^[31]	450	63.58	2.35	20.16	1.17
	500	63.84	2.21	19.04	1.11
	550	62.83	1.97	19.27	1.01
杏仁壳^[32]	550	84.40			0.53		0.73
山核桃壳^[29]	300	66.02	5.36	28.14	0.5
	400	76.3	3.97	18.93	0.63
	500	83.96	3.13	10.58	0.39
	600	91.08	2.27	8.41	0.35
	700	92.8	1.52	7.32	0.36
牛粪^[33]	350				0.12	1.84	3.73
	450				0.84	2.07	4.33
	550				0.59	2.36	4.88
	650				0.40	2.46	5.12
	750				0.41	2.70	4.87
猪粪^[33]	350				0.90	2.94	1.46
	450				0.68	3.11	1.67
	550				0.57	3.13	1.99
	650				0.40	3.30	2.20
	750				0.41	3.33	2.47
鸡粪^[33]	350				0.79	3.37	1.31
	450				0.69	4.05	1.34
	550				0.67	3.94	1.36
	650				0.37	4.28	1.35
	750				0.38	4.38	1.57
污泥^[34-35]	250	36.26			5.23
	350	32.71			3.68
	450	27.47			3.87
	550	27.01			3.17
	300	25.6	2.55	8.33	3.32	0.05
	400	20.2	1.28	4.61	2.40	0.07
	500	20.3	0.88	0.65	2.13	0.06
	700	20.4	0.51	0	1.20	0.05

原料	温度/℃	C/%	H/%	O/%	N/%	P/%	K/%
小麦秸秆^[27]	300	51.70			1.38	0.26	3.00
	400	62.00			0.94	0.30	3.20
	500	66.20			0.85	0.34	3.60
玉米秸秆^[28]	400	56.46	2.86	39.21	1.29
	450	57.14	2.54	38.95	1.20
	500	58.85	2.81	37.02	1.17
	550	59.29	2.50	36.91	1.13
	600	60.84	2.15	35.87	1.00
油菜秸秆^[29]	300	71.03	4.66	21.48	2.07
	400	77.13	4.14	16.27	1.43
	500	81.66	3.04	13.27	0.94
	600	85.79	2.19	10.09	0.77
	700	86.82	1.54	10.06	0.67
水稻秸秆^[27,30]	300	45.20			0.12	0.11	3.6
	400	55.50			0.98	0.13	4.1
	500	63.00			0.85	0.14	4.8
	300	54.62	3.10	40.97	1.31
	400	58.70	2.61	37.73	0.96
	500	64.80	2.08	32.34	0.78
	600	66.47	1.63	31.52	0.38
	700	68.67	1.55	29.45	0.33
草皮草^[31]	450	59.38	2.44	16.67	1.78
	500	57.93	2.21	17.34	1.72
	550	55.24	1.83	17.63	1.66
竹片^[29]	300	64.57	4.85	25.72	0.11
	400	75.84	4.17	19.28	0.17
	500	84.50	3.19	11.93	0.21
	600	90.38	2.28	10.26	0.20
	700	92.28	1.58	10.29	0.21
松木屑^[32]	550	80.00			0.37		0.23
木材混合物^[31]	450	63.58	2.35	20.16	1.17
	500	63.84	2.21	19.04	1.11
	550	62.83	1.97	19.27	1.01
杏仁壳^[32]	550	84.40			0.53		0.73
山核桃壳^[29]	300	66.02	5.36	28.14	0.5
	400	76.3	3.97	18.93	0.63
	500	83.96	3.13	10.58	0.39
	600	91.08	2.27	8.41	0.35
	700	92.8	1.52	7.32	0.36
牛粪^[33]	350				0.12	1.84	3.73
	450				0.84	2.07	4.33
	550				0.59	2.36	4.88
	650				0.40	2.46	5.12
	750				0.41	2.70	4.87
猪粪^[33]	350				0.90	2.94	1.46
	450				0.68	3.11	1.67
	550				0.57	3.13	1.99
	650				0.40	3.30	2.20
	750				0.41	3.33	2.47
鸡粪^[33]	350				0.79	3.37	1.31
	450				0.69	4.05	1.34
	550				0.67	3.94	1.36
	650				0.37	4.28	1.35
	750				0.38	4.38	1.57
污泥^[34-35]	250	36.26			5.23
	350	32.71			3.68
	450	27.47			3.87
	550	27.01			3.17
	300	25.6	2.55	8.33	3.32	0.05
	400	20.2	1.28	4.61	2.40	0.07
	500	20.3	0.88	0.65	2.13	0.06
	700	20.4	0.51	0	1.20	0.05

土壤类型	有机肥/(t/hm²)	生物炭/(t/hm²)	有机质/(g/kg)	TN/%	有效P/(mg/kg)	速效K/(mg/kg)
碱性土^[64]	0	0	14.80	0.14	5.30	54.60
	0	2.5	16.60	0.16	11.50	81.90
	0	5	18.40	0.19	13.50	101.40
	25	0	21.00	0.15	5.20	58.50
	25	2.5	25.60	0.18	13.80	93.60
	25	5	29.10	0.20	15.20	113.10
	50	0	32.00	0.15	5.40	58.50
	50	2.5	35.20	0.20	16.30	109.20
	50	5	38.90	0.22	19.10	132.60
灰漠土^[69]	0	0	28.42	0.12
	67.5	0	30.64	0.17
	135	0	34.16	0.17
	67.5	22.5	47.7	0.18
	135	22.5	50.94	0.21
	67.5	67.5	75.88	0.25
	135	67.5	81.55	0.17
旱地燥红土^[70]	0	0	12.79		3.31	69.21
	0	22.5	19.84		3.94	83.14
	0	45	19.39		4.85	100.59
	0	90	20.36		5.67	98.14
	0.68	22.5	18.81		4.09	79.14
	1.35	45	22.39		5.89	102.13
	2.7	90	20.04		6.66	100.15
	1.35	22.5	19.51		5.31	77.07
	2.7	45	21.10		6.28	90.69
	5.4	90	22.21		7.49	97.59
矿区土壤^[71]	0	0			2.81	4.23
	0	22.5			4.24	6.68
	0	45			7.32	9.85
	0	112.5			18.59	16.13
	45	0			4.12	6.46
	112.5	0			6.03	7.82
	225	0			9.32	9.22
	36	9			7.32	6.23
	90	22.5			11.46	8.54
	180	45			20.84	14.23
沙化土壤^[5]	0	0		0.06	4.97	87.20
	20	0		0.07	16.35	145.46
	0	10		0.07	6.51	184.63
	20	5		0.07	16.81	201.03
	20	10		0.09	20.49	238.73
黄褐土^[41]	0	0			22.85	167.18
	9	0			26.90	187.65
	0	4.5			40.91	173.95
	9	4.5			62.61	190.45
壤土^[72]	0	0	14.70	0.14	52.70	125.95
	0	22.5	19.41	0.15	61.14	226.25
	22.5	0	14.62	0.15	60.89	164.34
	22.5	22.5	19.96	0.15	55.90	276.53
	11.5	11.5	18.21	0.14	60.17	224.20

土壤类型	有机肥/(t/hm²)	生物炭/(t/hm²)	有机质/(g/kg)	TN/%	有效P/(mg/kg)	速效K/(mg/kg)
碱性土^[64]	0	0	14.80	0.14	5.30	54.60
	0	2.5	16.60	0.16	11.50	81.90
	0	5	18.40	0.19	13.50	101.40
	25	0	21.00	0.15	5.20	58.50
	25	2.5	25.60	0.18	13.80	93.60
	25	5	29.10	0.20	15.20	113.10
	50	0	32.00	0.15	5.40	58.50
	50	2.5	35.20	0.20	16.30	109.20
	50	5	38.90	0.22	19.10	132.60
灰漠土^[69]	0	0	28.42	0.12
	67.5	0	30.64	0.17
	135	0	34.16	0.17
	67.5	22.5	47.7	0.18
	135	22.5	50.94	0.21
	67.5	67.5	75.88	0.25
	135	67.5	81.55	0.17
旱地燥红土^[70]	0	0	12.79		3.31	69.21
	0	22.5	19.84		3.94	83.14
	0	45	19.39		4.85	100.59
	0	90	20.36		5.67	98.14
	0.68	22.5	18.81		4.09	79.14
	1.35	45	22.39		5.89	102.13
	2.7	90	20.04		6.66	100.15
	1.35	22.5	19.51		5.31	77.07
	2.7	45	21.10		6.28	90.69
	5.4	90	22.21		7.49	97.59
矿区土壤^[71]	0	0			2.81	4.23
	0	22.5			4.24	6.68
	0	45			7.32	9.85
	0	112.5			18.59	16.13
	45	0			4.12	6.46
	112.5	0			6.03	7.82
	225	0			9.32	9.22
	36	9			7.32	6.23
	90	22.5			11.46	8.54
	180	45			20.84	14.23
沙化土壤^[5]	0	0		0.06	4.97	87.20
	20	0		0.07	16.35	145.46
	0	10		0.07	6.51	184.63
	20	5		0.07	16.81	201.03
	20	10		0.09	20.49	238.73
黄褐土^[41]	0	0			22.85	167.18
	9	0			26.90	187.65
	0	4.5			40.91	173.95
	9	4.5			62.61	190.45
壤土^[72]	0	0	14.70	0.14	52.70	125.95
	0	22.5	19.41	0.15	61.14	226.25
	22.5	0	14.62	0.15	60.89	164.34
	22.5	22.5	19.96	0.15	55.90	276.53
	11.5	11.5	18.21	0.14	60.17	224.20

农作物	生物炭/ (t/hm²)	有机肥/ (t/hm²)	产量/ (t/hm²)	N/%	P/%	K/%
甘薯^[86]	0	0	9.5	0.11	0.65	3.51
	0	5	14.6	0.13	0.86	4.29
	10	0	10.4	0.13	0.72	5.46
	10	10	22.9	0.19	1.49	7.80
	20	0	12.7	0.17	0.84	7.02
	20	5	25.6	0.21	1.75	8.97
	20	10	28.4	0.23	1.98	10.53
	30	0	15.3	0.19	0.96	11.70
	30	5	31	0.25	2.14	13.26
	30	10	33.7	0.27	2.41	14.82
玉米^[87]	0	0		0.98
	22.50	0		1.06
	0	33.75		1.15
	11.25	16.88		1.26
椰子^[88]	0	0	3.1	0.52	3.52	0.04
	0	7.5	5.3	1.31	22.26	0.15
	10	0	3.7	0.73	10.55	0.11
	10	7.5	5.9	2.1	23.43	0.17
	30	7.5	7.8	3.27	38.67	0.28
萝卜^[64]	0	0	2.4	2.20	0.11	1.16
	0	2.5	5.6	3.3	0.17	1.95
	0	5	6.6	4.5	0.22	2.13
	25	0	2.4	2.21	0.1	1.10
	25	2.5	6.3	3.7	0.19	2.10
	25	5	6.9	4.2	0.21	2.42
	50	0	3.2	2.2	0.1	1.11
	50	2.5	6.9	4.1	0.2	2.35
	50	5	7.7	4.7	0.23	2.65
芦蒿^[72]	0	0	14.78
	0	22.5	14.40
	22.5	0	13.95
	22.5	22.5	14.39
大麦^[89]	0	0	2.98	2.65	0.28	3.07
	10	0	3.87	3.01	0.32	3.39
	0	10	4.21	3.19	0.34	3.63
	2	10	4.43	3.11	0.31	3.34