Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.2 Published:15 January 2024

  Research Progress on Chalkiness Formation Mechanism in Rice CHENG Xinjie, SHI Wei, ZHANG Menglong, YUE Hongliang, DAI Jinying, HU Lei, ZHU Guoyong 2024, 40 (2):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0104 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 23 ) Chalkiness is one of the important indexes to evaluate the appearance quality of rice. It is a bad character that seriously affects the grinding, appearance and taste quality of rice, and plays an important role in the market value evaluation of rice. This paper summarized the effects of environmental factors, physiological mechanisms and genetic mechanisms on the formation of chalkiness in rice, and pointed out the difficulties existing in the improvement of chalkiness in rice breeding. Based on the current research results and the development of related technologies, some suggestions for improvement were put forward to provide a certain research basis for the production of high-quality rice.

  Investigation of Rhizosphere Fungi in Pinus tabuliformis Forests in Beijing ---- Taking Songshan National Nature Reserve as An Example GAO Bingying, WANG Ping, WANG Yanchun, DING Xi, ZHANG Jingwei, LIU Shuying 2024, 40 (2):  8-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1052 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1458KB )   ( 23 ) Fungi play an important role in decomposing organic matter, preserving soil fertility and promoting nutrient cycling in soil ecosystem. This study aims to explore the diversity of rhizosphere fungi in natural and artificial Pinus tabuliformis forests, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of pine forests in Beijing urban and surrounding mountainous areas, as well as the rational development and sustainable utilization of rhizosphere fungi resources. In the study, the number, species and distribution characteristics of fungi in the rhizosphere of natural and artificial P. tabuliformis forests were analyzed by using MMN solid plate culture method and first generation sequencing technology. The results are as follows. (1) The species of rhizosphere fungi in natural P. tabuliformis forests are more abundant than those in artificial forests, and Zygomycota and Ascomycotina are the dominant fungal colonies. (2) Penicillium is the main dominant colony in the rhizosphere of natural P. tabuliformis forests, and Umbelopsis is the main dominant colony in the rhizosphere of artificial forests. (3) Penicillium, Umbelopsis, Mucor, Fusarium and Trichoderma are the dominant fungi in the rhizosphere soil of P. tabuliformis forests. (4) The number of groups and individuals of rhizosphere fungi in natural P. tabuliformis forests is higher than that in artificial forests. This study preliminarily screened and identified two dominant fungi in the rhizosphere of P. tabuliformis forests, and could provide a basis for the protection and rational development of rhizosphere fungi resources.

  Salt Tolerance Physiology and Anatomical Structure of Fraxinus velutina YAN Liping, WU Dejun, WANG Yinhua, GAO Chengcheng, REN Fei, LIU Cuilan 2024, 40 (2):  16-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0063 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2347KB )   ( 13 ) To select salt-tolerant varieties of Fraxinus velutina, in this study, biennial new varieties of F. velutina with the same growth potential, ‘Jinjian’, ‘Huaxiong’,‘Yanla’ and ‘Lula 3’, were used as the research objects, and a 28-day salt stress test was conducted with 9 ‰ NaCl solution. The physiological indicators were measured, the salt-tolerant varieties and salt-sensitive varieties of F. velutina were selected by the membership function method, and the anatomical structure was observed in slices, which could provide a basis for the selection and utilization of salt-tolerant tree species. After 28 days of salt stress treatment, the comprehensive analysis of the measured values of physiological indicators showed that the salt tolerance of the 4 varieties ranked as: ‘Yanla’ >‘Lula 3’ > ‘Jinjian’> ‘Huaxiong’. Salt-sensitive variety ‘Huaxiong’ and salt-tolerant variety ‘Yanla’ were selected to observe and measure the anatomical structure, showing that leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, stratum corneum thickness, and xylem thickness of the two varieties increased significantly after salt stress. The thickness of leaf, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and xylem to phloem ratio of ‘Yanla’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Huaxiong’; and the stem cortex thickness of ‘Yanla’ was significantly higher than that of the control. After the treatment, the thickness of the phloem was significantly reduced, and the thickness of the xylem and the largest vessel diameter of ‘Yanla’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Huaxiong’. The pith diameter of the two varieties both increased significantly, and the pith area increased accordingly. After the salt stress, the periderm thickness of roots of the two varieties increased significantly, while the cortex thickness of ‘Huaxiong’ increased significantly, and was significantly higher than that of ‘Yanla’. The ratio of stem diameter/root diameter of ‘Huaxiong’ decreased significantly, indicating that its resistance to salt was poor. In summary, anatomical structure research can be used instead of physiological research to explore the salt-tolerant mechanism of tree species such as F. velutina.

  Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tea at Low Temperature Stress XIAO Huangqiao, ZHOU Hongcan, JIE Yucheng 2024, 40 (2):  25-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0082 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 26 ) To investigate the effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulators on the photosynthetic characteristics of tea under low temperature conditions, ‘Taoyuan Big Leaf’ (TY) and ‘Storage Leaf Qi’ (CY) were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of spraying different plant growth regulators under low temperature conditions on the light response curve, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), saturated vapor pressure (VpdL), leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal limit value (LS) of tea trees. The experimental results showed that the five growth regulators improved the cold resistance of ‘Taoyuan Big Leaf’ and 'Storage Leaf Qi' to varying degrees. Among them, the TY treatment group had the effects ranking of C2>D3>D1>C3>E2>A1>E1>B2>B1>C1>A2>D2>B3>A3>E3>CK when spraying plant growth regulators on tea at low temperatures, and C2 and D3 had the highest comprehensive ranking, with 0.875 and 0.833 respectively, the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components is 93.931%. The ranking of the effects of spraying plant growth regulators on tea in the CY treatment group at low temperatures was C2>A2>D1>B2>B1>E3>A1>B3>D2>C3>C1>E1>E2>D3>A3>CK, and C2 and A2 were ranking higher, with 0.753 and 0.713 respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components is 89.108%. Spraying regulators at low temperatures can increase Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr, and reduce LS, laying the foundation for improving the cold resistance of tea.

  Plasticity Response of Fine Root Morphology and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Casuarina equisetifolia to Phosphorus Addition NIE Sen 2024, 40 (2):  34-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0069 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1635KB )   ( 8 ) The plasticity response of fine root morphology and stoichiometric characteristics to phosphorus (P) addition in Casuarina equisetifolia forests at different development stages was investigated, providing a scientific basis for targeted fertilization and nurturing of C. equisetifolia at different development stages under the limitation of low phosphorus in coastal sandy soil. The C. equisetifolia plantations at young (5 a), middle-aged (12 a) and mature (25 a) stages were selected as the research objects in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province, and the phosphorus addition experiment was carried out by using the inner growth method. After the fine roots growing in the inner growth cores for a year, the fine root morphological characters and stoichiometric characteristics were measured by the functional division method. The results showed that: 1) adding phosphorus significantqly increased the root length and surface area, the total root length and total surface area increased by 7.79 times and 8.69 times, respectively, the specific root length and specific surface area increased by 15.1% and 19.5%, respectively; 2) among different root functional groups, the plastic response of fine root morphology to P addition was significantly different. The morphological plasticity was dominated by absorbing roots, and the response of absorbing roots to P nutrient resources was more sensitive. P addition increased the P content in absorbing roots by 56.0%, decreased the C/P and N/P by 18.7% and 38.7%, and decreased the tissue density by 31.4%; 3) for the change of soil P nutrient resources, different forest ages of C. equisetifolia adopted different plastic response strategies. After P addition, the young forest mainly obtained P element by changing its own physiological characteristics through the variation of stoichiometric characteristics of absorbing roots. The fine root morphology and stoichiometric characteristics of the middle-aged forest had no significant variation. The mature forest mainly obtained P element by changing the absorbing root morphology and expanding the root absorption area. The present study demonstrates that the addition of exogenous P can coordinate the internal relationship between the fine root morphology and stoichiometric characteristics of C. equisetifolia. Moreover, our results show that the fine roots of C. equisetifolia at different ages selectively invest in acquiring P resources. Thus, to effectively fertilize and nurture C. equisetifolia, targeted tending schemes should be adopted according to the forest's age.

  Effect of Biochar Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients: A Review MA Danni, SHENG Jiandong, ZHANG Kun, MAO Jiefei, CHANG Song, WANG Yaofeng 2024, 40 (2):  42-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0062 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 40 ) To improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency and deal with single manure application problems such as dosage, fertilizer efficiency, and nutrient leaching, “biochar”, “compost”, “biochar manure application”, “soil properties” and “crop nutrients” were used as keywords to search and summarize relevant literatures on sources of Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet and others. The results showed that: (1) biochar improved the maturity of composting, increased the abundance of microbial communities, and reduced the risk of nutrient leaching in organic fertilizers, thus effectively reducing the environmental impact of traditional composting; (2) manure combined with biochar could improve soil moisture condition, and increase the contents of the available phosphorus and available potassium of different types of soils. Meanwhile, it could also provide better living materials and an environment for soil organisms and microorganisms; (3) the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could increase the yield of crops and improve the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while different types of crops responded to them differently. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer enhanced soil fertility and plant nutrition, and its effect varied with the application rate, type of soil and crop and other factors. Our studies could provide a reference for efficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources in agricultural production.

  The Regulatory Effects of Deep Vertical Rotary Tillage Combined with Organic Materials on Improvement of Acid Soil and Production of Flue-cured Tobacco ZHANG Xiaowei, ZHANG Ke, NI Ming, ZHAO Xinmei, ZHANG Yunfen, LI Zhiwu, YANG Shuming 2024, 40 (2):  52-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0039 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1335KB )   ( 27 ) To explore the effect of deep rotary tillage combined with organic materials on improving acidic characteristics of rhizosphere soil and growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment with flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘NC102’ was conducted in acidic red soil in Shilin County, Yunnan Province. Based on two-factor split zone design, deep vertical rotary tillage and traditional tillage, as well as application of organic soil ameliorative materials (no ameliorative material, acidic organic fertilizer, alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar) were set to study tillage methods, organic materials and their interactions on physic-chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, root system, growth morphology, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that physicochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were mainly affected by tillage methods, ameliorative materials and their interaction. Deep vertical rotary tillage combined with organic fertilizer could significantly reduce soil bulk density, and increase soil porosity, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and water-soluble chlorine content. In particular, the application of alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar was more beneficial to increase soil available potassium content. The total amount of soil exchangeable acid, hydrogen ion (H+) and aluminum ion (Al3+) were significantly reduced. The soil silica-aluminum ratio, cation exchange capacity and base saturation were increased, and effect of acidic soil improvement was enhanced. The root crown morphology, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco were mainly affected by deep rotary tillage and alkaline ameliorative materials. Tillage methods, organic modified material and their interaction had a great effect on chemical components usability index of flue-cured tobacco. The application of basic organic fertilizer and biochar mainly affected total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and water-soluble chlorine. Deep vertical rotary tillage significantly affected six conventional chemical indexes of tobacco leaves. Therefore, in mountainous tobacco-growing areas of acidic soil in Yunnan Province, deep vertical rotation tillage combined with application of alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar can coordinately improve soil acidity and fertility, and simultaneously promote growth of above-ground and underground parts of tobacco, form a good root-shoot relationship, which can increase yield, output value, and harmonious chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco.

  Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity in Zhaotong Core Tobacco-growing Area Based on High-throughput Sequencing NI Xia, GONG Lin, CHEN Hua, SONG Mingjian, ZHOU Yuzhong, CHEN Min, FU Yeming, GONG Haohan, PAN Wenzheng, ZHANG Mengsheng, LUO Qipeng, LI Jianyun, BAO Hongming, LI Dewen, ZHANG Haikun 2024, 40 (2):  61-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0087 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2515KB )   ( 12 ) High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the soil fungal diversity from the molecular level in new tobacco area, continuous cropping area with serious soil-borne diseases and typical rotation area in eight tobacco-growing districts in Zhaotong. The results showed that the soil fungal community included 30 phyla, 79 classes, 202 orders, 443 families and 976 genera, and Ascomycota was the absolute dominant phylum, Mortierella and Penicillium were the dominant genera of the soil fungal community. The analysis of community indicator species showed that the relative abundance of the soil fungal community of Ascochyta in new tobacco area was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping area and rotation area. The relative abundance of Purpureocillium, Pseudogymnoascus and Talaromyces in continuous cropping area were significantly higher than that in new tobacco area and rotation area, Fusarium in rotation area was significantly higher than that in new tobacco area, and Mortierella in rotation area was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping area. From the perspective of biodiversity characteristics, soil fungal community in new tobacco area had the highest value, and the species richness was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping area and rotation area. The species richness of soil fungal community in rotation area was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping area, the species evenness was significantly lower than that in continuous cropping area, and the biodiversity of fungal community was slightly higher than that in continuous cropping area. From the perspective of the function of fungal community, the pathotroph, saprotroph, and saprotroph-symbiotroph were main components. In new tobacco area, the top 1 to top 3 of the fungal community were saprotroph-symbiotroph, saprotroph and Pathotroph, that of the continuous cropping area were saprotroph, pathotroph and saprotroph-symbiotroph, and that of the rotation area were saprotroph-symbiotroph, pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph, and saprotroph. The composition of fungal community in tobacco planting soil in Zhaotong was rich. The biodiversity of soil fungal community in new tobacco planting area was the highest, and the species richness was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping area and rotation area. There was no significant difference in the composition of fungal community structure among different types of soil. Rotation was beneficial to reducing the pathotrophic fungal community and the probability of fungal diseases.

  Difference of Physical Characteristics of ‘KRK26’ Upper Tobacco Leaves and Correlation with Soil Nutrients in Dali ZHAO Weijin, XIE Yiyan, YANG Dehai, LI Xiancai, SUN Yonghua, ZHENG Shifang, PENG Ren, YANG Yan, MA Junjie, LI Xiaoting 2024, 40 (2):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0101 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 11 ) To clarify the physical characteristics of upper tobacco leaves of ‘KRK26’ variety and their relationship with soil nutrients in Dali tobacco planting areas, the descriptive statistics, simple correlation and canonical correlation analysis were used to study the physical characteristics and correlation with soil nutrients. The results showed that the average thickness of ‘KRK26’ upper leaves was 0.20 mm, the single leaf weight was 12.21 g, the stem content was 24.24%, the leaf density was 74.95 g/cm2, the tensile force was 1.38 N and the equilibrium moisture content was 13.35%. Compared to the national average, the thickness was slightly higher, the tensile force was lower, and other indicators were equivalence. There was no significant difference in the thickness, stem content, leaf density and tensile strength of the upper leaves in the four tobacco planting areas. The single leaf weight of Dali City was significantly higher than that of Yongping and Yunlong, but was no significant difference with Yangbi. The equilibrium moisture content of Yunlong was significantly the highest. Simple correlation analysis revealed that the single leaf weight was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable magnesium and available zinc, and significantly negatively correlated with total potassium and chloride ion. Leaf density was significantly negatively correlated with available potassium. At the same time, both simple correlation and canonical correlation indicated that the moisture content of tobacco leaves decreased with the decrease of soil organic matter, total phosphorus and available potassium in a certain range.

  Research Progress on AMF-mediated Mycorrhizal Plants Resistance to Heavy Metal Pb Stress LV Yuze, CAI Baiyan 2024, 40 (2):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0092 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 15 ) Soil is an important source and material basis of plant nutrients. In recent years, the incomplete management of three industrial wastes (waste gas, waste water, and waste residue), mining production activities and agricultural fertilizer abuse have caused the enrichment of heavy metal Pb, which is a toxic and harmful heavy metal. The heavy metal Pb is not easily degraded in the soil, leading to Pb pollution, causing Pb enrichment in plants, affecting the growth and development of plants. And eventually, the heavy metal Pb is enriched in human body through the food chain and endangers human life. Currently, microbial remediation technology is an economical and efficient method to manage heavy metal Pb contamination. AMF, as the fungus most closely related to human agricultural production, has been a research hotspot in the scientific community. However, less attention has been paid to research on assisting plants to resist Pb stress. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the effects of Pb toxicity on plants, the mechanisms and applications of AMF in improving plants’ resistance to heavy metal Pb stress, expecting to provide basic information for maintaining sustainable agricultural production and ensuring human health, as well as plant adversity physiological research and management of heavy metal Pb stress in plants.

  Effect of Optimizing Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrient Supply GUO Xinsong, WEI Juhua, SHA Chunyan, GAO Han, SONG Zhi, FAN Zhongqing, YIN Jing, DING Fangjun 2024, 40 (2):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0513 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2007KB )   ( 13 ) Potato is one kind of important food and vegetable crop in China, ranking first in terms of area and production in the world. Adjusting the fertilization structure of potato and improving potato’s yield and quality have become urgent issues in potato cultivation. In the two-year field experiment, the potential of organic and microbial fertilizers to improve potato quality and yield under reduced chemical fertilizer was studied. The experiment aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the model of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in potato. The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the application of organic or microbial fertilizers significantly increased potato yield by 23.5% to 34.5%, increased potato starch content by 4.2% to 17.5%, and reduced potato nitrate content by 9.0% to 56.0%, significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties. Microbial fertilizers could significantly increase the content of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that fertilizer application level had a significant effect on potato nutritional quality, while fertilizer type was the main factor affecting soil physical and chemical properties. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus content and pH had significant effects on the nutritional quality of potato.

  Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Side Deep Application of Controlled-release Blend Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Japonica Rice ‘Nanjing 5055’ KAN Jianluan, SHI Lv, HAN Xiao, ZHOU Zhihong, SU Jianping, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang 2024, 40 (2):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0094 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 10 ) To study the effects of nitrogen reduction and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization, local japonica rice cultivar ‘Nanjing 5055’ was selected as the material, four treatments were set up in paddy fields, including no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), local conventional fertilizer (CK), one-time side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer (S1) and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer and top application of available nitrogen fertilizer (S2), the experiments were carried out in Dongchen Town and Baipu Town of Rugao City, respectively. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen fertilizer rate of S1 and S2 were both reduced by 25% than CK. The results of two experimental locations showed that both S1 and S2 could improve the appearance, cooking and eating quality of rice compared with CK, but the grain yield and total nitrogen uptake were reduced by an average of 5.12%, 1.27% and 9.53%, 2.77%, respectively. The grain yield of S1 was significantly decreased due to a significant reduction in its spikelets per panicle, while there was no significant difference between S2 and CK. Besides, the recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were all greatly increased under S2. Our results indicate that, when the total nitrogen fertilizer rate is drastically reduced, it is more beneficial to realizing green, high quality and efficient production of rice by applying the pattern of S2.

  Study on Climate Adaptability of Tagetes erecta L Planting in Longdong Area of Gansu Province YU Shujian 2024, 40 (2):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0562 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 31 ) In order to study and analyze the effects of agricultural heat resources and meteorological factors such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, agricultural boundary temperature, accumulated temperature, initial and final frost days, and frost free period on the growth and development speed and yield formation of marigold in the Longdong region during the marigold planting period, a comparative experimental analysis method was used to explore the ways and methods of avoiding meteorological disasters such as frost in marigold planting and production. The optimal transplanting period that is most conducive to the growth and development of marigold had been selected. Through analysis and research, the ecological climate zoning for marigold cultivation in the Longdong region had been proposed, achieving the goal of improving climate resource utilization, seeking benefits and avoiding harm, and increasing yield and efficiency. On the premise of avoiding freezing damage, marigold should be transplanted as early as possible to extend the growth period, increased flower yield, and achieved higher planting benefits. The suitable transplanting period for marigold in the Longdong region is influenced by temperature, with significant differences across regions. The longest transplanting period varies by about 30 days, mainly concentrated in the first and middle of May. Research has found that terrain factors and different climate types also have a significant impact on the transplantation of marigold.

  Study on the Critical Growth Period and Yield Dynamic Forecast of Cotton in Shihezi SU Chaocheng, GE Yicheng, XIE Jiaying, XU Haoyi, WANG Xiaotian 2024, 40 (2):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0078 Abstract + ( 141 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 43 ) Cotton is one of the main economic crops in Xinjiang, and the dynamic forecast of cotton yield is of great significance for production safety. Using the daily meteorological data and cotton yield data of four ground meteorological reference stations in Shihezi area of Xinjiang from 1968 to 2020, and based on the integral regression method, the main meteorological factors and key periods of temperature, light and water affecting cotton production were analyzed with ten-day as the time scale during the whole growth period of cotton. The dynamic forecast models of cotton meteorological yield in Shihezi area in mid-July, mid-August and mid-September were established. The results showed that temperature had the greatest impact on cotton yield in Shihezi, Xinjiang. The seedling stage, flowering stage and initial stage of boll opening were the key temperature periods for cotton growth. The positive effects were significant at seedling stage and boll opening stage, while the negative effects were significant at flowering stage. The flowering stage was the key period of light for cotton growth, which had a positive effect on cotton yield. Shihezi area was an irrigated agricultural area, although the natural precipitation had a positive effect, the impact of precipitation on cotton yield was small. The dynamic forecast model established by the integral regression method was used to test the cotton yield in Shihezi region from 2018 to 2020, the results showed that the average accuracy rates in mid-July, mid-August and mid-September were 85.1%, 91.4% and 94.3%, respectively. The accuracy of the cotton meteorological yield dynamic forecast model based on integral regression method was higher as it approached the mature stage. It is feasible to use the principle of integral regression to dynamically forecast cotton yield. And it can be applied to cotton yield forecasting business, providing reference for local yield forecast.

  Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Wheat Season Based on Forecast Temperature and HS Formula LIU Xiaofei, XIE Zhaohui 2024, 40 (2):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0003 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1486KB )   ( 38 ) In order to accurately evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) based on predicted temperature and Hargreaves samani (HS) formula, the parameters of HS formula were corrected by using the historical meteorological data of Xinxiang from 1961 to 2017 and the results of Penman Monteith (PM) formula. The reference crop evapotranspiration in the growing season of winter wheat from 2018 to 2020 was calculated by using the predicted temperature data and the modified HS formula. Comparing the reference crop evapotranspiration calculated by penman Monteith, the results showed that the estimated daily reference crop evapotranspiration by Hargreaves samani (HS) formula was highly correlated with the reference crop evapotranspiration calculated by penman Monteith. The average absolute error was 0.48 mm/d, the root mean square error was 0.64 mm/d, coefficient of determination was 0.84 and the fitting degree was 0.96. Therefore, it was feasible to use Hargreaves samani (HS) formula to estimate reference evapotranspiration with daily forecast temperature data in Huanghuaihai area, which provided a theoretical and methodological guarantee for agricultural irrigation prediction, and had reference significance for guiding the allocation of local agricultural water resources.

  Co-toxicity and Field Control Efficacy of Mixtures of Prothioconazole and Propiconazole to Fusarium Head Blight Caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch CHEN Hongzhou, WANG Bingbing, WANG Chenbin, ZHANG Xinjian, YANG Hongfu, XU Chao, ZHANG Jianhua, ZHU Feng 2024, 40 (2):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0559 Abstract + ( 73 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 13 ) In order to explore a new reagent for controlling fusarium head blight (FHB), the indoor toxicity of prothioconazole, propiconazole and their seven mixtures on Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch had been detected by using mycelium growth rate method. Meanwhile, the field control tests of the optimum formulation on FHB, DON in wheat grain, wheat powdery mildew (WPM) and wheat leaf rust (WLR) had been conducted, respectively. The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the synergistic coefficient was 2.4375 when the mixture of prothioconazole and propiconazole at the ratio of 1:1, and the synergistic effect was the most significant. The results of the field control efficacy showed that the FHB disease index (DI) and DON control efficacy of 40% prothioconazole·propiconazole oil dispersion (OD) 600 g/hm2 were 93.46% and 91.26%, respectively, while the control efficacy against WPM DI and WLR DI on the 21th day after 2 times of spraying were 93.50% and 93.19%, respectively, both of which were higher than the control efficacy of the common fungicide tebuconazole or carbendazim, and it was safe for wheat growth. 40% prothioconazole·propiconazole OD provided excellent control efficacy on FHB and DON in wheat grain, as well as excellent simultaneous control efficacy on WPM and WLR, which had good development potential.

  Effects of Cultivation Density on Growth, Disease, Yield and Quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis CHEN Yixiang, YANG Junhua, XU Wenguo, LI Xuemei, LANG Chengwei, DING Jiasheng, DUAN Mingyue, YIN Qidai, TANG Lijun, XU Yanguo 2024, 40 (2):  121-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1050 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2248KB )   ( 18 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, three-year-old healthy seedlings were planted with different row spacing in field-shade cultivation mode. The agronomic characters and the occurrence of main diseases at different ages were investigated in the study. Four years later, the yield and total saponin contents of rhizomes were detected on the seven-year-old plants. Our results indicated that the planting density had significant effects on the growth, disease, yield and quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis had outstanding growth, high yield and the best quality of medicinal materials when the row spacing was 20 cm×20 cm; below this density, plants grew well, with less diseases and high total saponin contents, but low yields; above this density, plant heights, stem diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths, tuber lengths, tuber diameters, dormant bud lengths and tuber fresh weights were decreased, stem rot and root rot disease were significantly increased, and the contents of total saponins in rhizomes were significantly decreased. It is suggested that a row spacing of 20 cm×20 cm (25×104 seedlings/hm2) is recommended for planting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in Dehong of Yunnan Province or other similar areas.

  Dynamic Analysis of Apodemus agrarius Population in Kaili City LIU Yi, YANG Tongwu, LI Guifa, ZHU Lianying 2024, 40 (2):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0054 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 23 ) Exploring the annual, monthly and seasonal variation of the population size and composition of Apodemus agrarius can provide the basis for the forecasting, prevention and control, ecological and environmental governance of it. Based on the night trapping method, we analyzed the annual, monthly and seasonal population dynamics of A. agrarius capture rate in paddy field and dryland farming area of Kaili city, Guizhou Province from 1984 to 2022. The results showed that A. agrarius was mainly distributed in paddy fields and dryland farming areas in this area, accounting for 62.36% of the total number of captured rodents. The population composition in each year ranged from 50.69% to 94.44%, which was the absolute dominant species in the region and was the main monitoring and control object. There were significant inter-annual variations in population size of A. agrarius in different years, the capture rate ranging from 0.70% to 6.38%, with a 9.11-fold difference and an average capture rate of 3.92%. From 1984 to 1992, the capture rate was high, with an average of 4.86%, and the population density exhibited significant fluctuations. In contrast, from 2011 to 2022, the capture rate remained consistently low with an average of 1.20%, and the population density exhibited stability. There were significant variations in population size across different months and seasons, with the highest in July and the lowest in February. Correspondingly, the capture rates stood at 3.52% and 0.95%, respectively. In different seasons, the highest capture rate was in summer (3.05%) and the lowest was in winter (1.29%). The results showed that A. agrarius was the dominant species in Kaili City, and the population had remained in a low-density over the past decade. The population densities were highest in July and summer. This study provides an important basis for listing A. agrarius as the main rodent monitoring and control object in Kaili City, and also provides an important basis for accurate prediction and formulation of reasonable comprehensive control measures and the natural ecological environment management.

  Comparative Metabolomics Analysis of Terpenoid Metabolites in Root of Red Beet LI Jiaying, LIU Naixin, HAN Guangyuan 2024, 40 (2):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0304 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 9 ) In order to compare the differences in terpenoid metabolites between different red beet varieties and further create new red beet germplasm, this study used the UPLC-MS/MS detection platform and MWDB (Metware database) to conduct extensive targeted metabolomic analyses of Russian (red beet) and poinsettia (red beet), and combined statistical analysis methods such as clustering and multivariate statistics to screen differential metabolites. The results showed that a total of 48 terpenoids were detected in the two groups of red beet root samples. There were six categories of sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, triterpene saponins, and other terpenes, including 13 kinds of sesquiterpenes, 7 kinds of monoterpenes, 13 kinds of diterpenes, 7 kinds of triterpenes, and 7 kinds of triterpene saponins, and blumentol C. 8 differential metabolites were screened out in the two groups of samples, of which 5 were down-regulated, including aucubin and alfalfa-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-rhamnosyl (1, 2)-arabinopyranoside, 6'-O-sinapoyl geniposide, mycoside, and protocurcumol; the upregulated substances were Cis-guai-10-en-4α,11-diol, 6'-O- Glucose aucubin and 6,9-dihydroxy-7-sodium-3-ketone. There were significantly different terpene metabolites in different red beet varieties, which could be used as characteristic metabolites for further analysis.

  Research Progress and Trend Analysis of Hypoglycemia of Auricularia auricula LI Bowen, MAO Xue, JIANG Wei, KONG Xianghui, XIA Haihua 2024, 40 (2):  143-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0084 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1889KB )   ( 10 ) This paper analyzed the research progress, hotspots and development trends of Auricularia auricula based on CiteSpace, so as to provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of Auricularia auricula resources in China. CiteSpace was used to analyze the information of 4184 literatures in the field of agaric hypoglycemia from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) during 1993 to 2022. By attracting much attention from scholars, the annual number of published papers in the field of Auricularia auricula hypoglycemic showed a trend of first slow and then rapid increase. The most frequently published authors were Wang Zhenyu, Kong Xianghui, Li Tingting, Yin Hongli, and the main research institutions included Jilin Agricultural University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Northeast Forestry University. The results of keyword emergence showed that stability, structural characterization, response surface methodology, structural analysis and functional characteristics were the emergent keywords in recent years, while the emergent intensity was 6.02, 17.88, 5.54, 5.81and 6.83, respectively. The topics related to the above keywords focused on the study of the effective components of Auricularia auricula hypoglycemic and the mechanism of action at the molecular level, which is also the main research hotspot in the field of Auricularia auricula hypoglycemic at present and in the future with a diversified trend. Basic research mainly focused on exploring the structural components of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides and clarifying the mechanism of Auricularia auricula hypoglycemic. The application research mainly focused on the development and utilization of Auricularia auricula deep processing products. The research results can provide reference for the follow-up research and development of the majority in the industry, and lay a foundation for the accurate functional research and product development.

  Effects of Morphological Traits on Body Weight of Sillago Sinica in Zhoushan Offshore Based on Path Analysis and Grey Relational Analysis JIANG Xiaozi, JIANG Wenjing, ZHANG Qianya, XIAO Meng, YANG Tianyan 2024, 40 (2):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0014 Abstract + ( 73 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1459KB )   ( 12 ) In order to study the relationships between morphological traits and body weight of Sillago sinica, 107 samples in the offshore of Zhoushan were randomly selected, and their body weight (X0) and 11 morphological traits including snout length (X1), head length (X2), body length (X3), total length (X4), caudal peduncle length (X5), caudal peduncle height (X6), body thickness (X7), eye diameter (X8), interorbital diameter (X9), head length behind eyes (X10) and body height (X11) were measured and analyzed by correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis and grey relational analysis. The correlation analysis results showed that all the morphological traits were significantly correlated with body weight (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient between body length and body weight was the greatest of all. After eliminating the severe collinearity effects, two indexes (body length and caudal peduncle height) that significantly linearly correlated with body weight were considered as the independent variables, and body weight was regarded as the dependent variable. The optimal multiple linear regression equation was finally constructed as: Y=-87.734+6.174X3+24.398X6. The path analysis results revealed that body length had the largest direct effect on body weight, while caudal peduncle height had the largest indirect effect on it. The top five grey relational degrees between each morphological trait and body weight were body length, total length, caudal peduncle height, body height, and head length. Comprehensive findings indicated that during the process of Sillago sinica fishery resource development and management, body length and caudal peduncle height should be separately used as the priority measure index and auxiliary one to formulate the optimal catchable size and mesh size.

  Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Bellamya purificata From 11 Geographic Populations JIN Wu, MA Xueyan, PENG Gang, CHEN Wanwen, WEN Haibo 2024, 40 (2):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0093 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1710KB )   ( 12 ) In order to investigate the current status of germplasm resources of the freshwater snail B. purificata in China and provide quality germplasm resource for selection breeding, 249 samples were collected from wild populations in Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, Shandong, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces, 24 landmark points were set clockwise from the top of the shell for each individual of different groups and 15 semi-landmark points were set at equal intervals between the 11th-12th, 12-13th, 13-14th, 14-15th, 15-11th, 15-16th landmarks. After all the landmarks and semi-landmarks setting finished, Procrustes fitting was performed and the outliers that exceeding upper quartile were removed. The missing value was checked by thin plate spline method. All the variations of the shape of all species were subjected to principal component analysis. Procrustes distance for different geographical groups were analysis by ANOVA and these distances were used for cluster analysis. The results showed that the main variation of shell morphology in the 11 geographic populations of the freshwater snail B. purificata was at the top of the shell and the upper edge of the aperture. The concentration of variation in morphological traits of different geographical populations was poor, and the 1st principal component and 2nd principal component could not significantly distinguish among different populations. The 11 populations could be divided into two major groups, the Yangtze River basin group and the south of Yangtze River group, and there were significant differences in the shape of the different populations, which may be related to the local habitats.