Effects of Cultivation Density on Growth, Disease, Yield and Quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1050

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, three-year-old healthy seedlings were planted with different row spacing in field-shade cultivation mode. The agronomic characters and the occurrence of main diseases at different ages were investigated in the study. Four years later, the yield and total saponin contents of rhizomes were detected on the seven-year-old plants. Our results indicated that the planting density had significant effects on the growth, disease, yield and quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis had outstanding growth, high yield and the best quality of medicinal materials when the row spacing was 20 cm×20 cm; below this density, plants grew well, with less diseases and high total saponin contents, but low yields; above this density, plant heights, stem diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths, tuber lengths, tuber diameters, dormant bud lengths and tuber fresh weights were decreased, stem rot and root rot disease were significantly increased, and the contents of total saponins in rhizomes were significantly decreased. It is suggested that a row spacing of 20 cm×20 cm (25×10⁴ seedlings/hm²) is recommended for planting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in Dehong of Yunnan Province or other similar areas.

Key words: Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, cultivation density, agronomic characters, disease, yield, quality

CHEN Yixiang, YANG Junhua, XU Wenguo, LI Xuemei, LANG Chengwei, DING Jiasheng, DUAN Mingyue, YIN Qidai, TANG Lijun, XU Yanguo. Effects of Cultivation Density on Growth, Disease, Yield and Quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 121-130.

Figures/Tables 7

References 50

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性状	处理	河心场村				芹菜塘村
性状	处理	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期
株高/cm	T₁	36.58±2.42 a	45.53±2.64 a	63.00±5.27 a	72.49±4.40 a	40.52±3.56 a	54.72±3.47 a	69.11±3.84 a	82.71±4.48 a
	T₂	34.18±4.63 a	43.6±2.56 a	62.11±4.40 a	71.57±2.09 a	38.68±3.54 a	52.15±4.71 ab	68.61±6.46 a	78.68±2.86 a
	T₃	33.06±2.98 a	42.4±2.04 a	55.67±5.02 b	65.73±2.66 b	36.59±2.10 a	49.15±3.14 bc	63.61±3.71 b	70.60±4.15 b
	T₄	31.78±4.22 a	41.23±2.40 a	54.89±2.71 b	64.76±2.31 b	36.13±1.09 a	45.85±3.68 c	57.35±4.60 c	65.63±4.21 b
茎粗/mm	T₁	3.37±0.43 a	5.08±0.54 a	6.61±0.66 a	9.25±0.80 a	3.54±0.23 a	6.88±0.35 a	8.51±0.52 a	9.66±0.46 a
	T₂	3.29±0.36 a	4.95±0.39 a	6.52±0.92 a	9.21±0.86 a	3.52±0.22 a	6.54±0.27 a	8.42±0.32 a	9.41±0.23 a
	T₃	3.26±0.45 a	4.86±0.25 a	5.81±0.69 b	8.04±0.35 b	3.41±0.26 a	5.41±0.34 b	7.26±0.36 b	8.53±0.41 b
	T₄	3.14±0.57 a	4.56±0.82 a	5.75±0.64 b	8.01±0.60 b	3.25±0.36 a	5.26±0.23 b	6.95±0.53 b	7.41±0.43 c
叶长/cm	T₁	8.76±1.02 b	11.43±0.67 ab	15.47±0.51 ab	17.29±1.30 ab	7.92±0.82 a	9.54±0.58 a	15.55±0.57 a	18.77±0.52 a
	T₂	11.10±0.79 a	12.17±0.92 a	16.20±0.72 a	18.89±0.96 a	8.42±0.39 a	10.52±0.75 a	16.48±0.42 a	19.64±0.74 a
	T₃	9.66±1.00 ab	11.30±0.70 ab	15.67±0.58 ab	17.18±0.90 b	7.95±0.75 a	9.56±0.63 a	13.53±0.66 b	16.12±0.57 b
	T₄	8.84±1.90 b	10.70±0.85 b	14.70±0.75 b	16.66±1.35 b	7.74±1.04 a	9.15±0.85 a	12.85±0.72 b	15.97±0.61 b
叶宽/cm	T₁	3.10±0.52 a	4.29±0.20 a	5.60±0.26 a	6.46±0.30 ab	3.52±0.42 a	4.53±0.34 a	6.74±0.45 ab	7.52±0.32 ab
	T₂	3.60±0.32 a	4.75±0.32 a	5.87±0.67 a	6.91±0.46 a	3.76±0.32 a	5.05±0.42 a	6.93±0.31 a	7.95±0.43 a
	T₃	3.46±0.79 a	4.62±0.45 a	5.83±0.59 a	6.75±0.38 a	3.58±0.29 a	4.72±0.35 a	6.22±0.39 bc	7.01±0.26 bc
	T₄	3.04±0.38 a	4.18±0.36 a	5.50±0.46 a	6.12±0.23 b	3.44±0.38 a	4.38±0.42 a	5.91±0.27 c	6.79±0.43 c

性状	处理	河心场村				芹菜塘村
性状	处理	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期
株高/cm	T₁	36.58±2.42 a	45.53±2.64 a	63.00±5.27 a	72.49±4.40 a	40.52±3.56 a	54.72±3.47 a	69.11±3.84 a	82.71±4.48 a
	T₂	34.18±4.63 a	43.6±2.56 a	62.11±4.40 a	71.57±2.09 a	38.68±3.54 a	52.15±4.71 ab	68.61±6.46 a	78.68±2.86 a
	T₃	33.06±2.98 a	42.4±2.04 a	55.67±5.02 b	65.73±2.66 b	36.59±2.10 a	49.15±3.14 bc	63.61±3.71 b	70.60±4.15 b
	T₄	31.78±4.22 a	41.23±2.40 a	54.89±2.71 b	64.76±2.31 b	36.13±1.09 a	45.85±3.68 c	57.35±4.60 c	65.63±4.21 b
茎粗/mm	T₁	3.37±0.43 a	5.08±0.54 a	6.61±0.66 a	9.25±0.80 a	3.54±0.23 a	6.88±0.35 a	8.51±0.52 a	9.66±0.46 a
	T₂	3.29±0.36 a	4.95±0.39 a	6.52±0.92 a	9.21±0.86 a	3.52±0.22 a	6.54±0.27 a	8.42±0.32 a	9.41±0.23 a
	T₃	3.26±0.45 a	4.86±0.25 a	5.81±0.69 b	8.04±0.35 b	3.41±0.26 a	5.41±0.34 b	7.26±0.36 b	8.53±0.41 b
	T₄	3.14±0.57 a	4.56±0.82 a	5.75±0.64 b	8.01±0.60 b	3.25±0.36 a	5.26±0.23 b	6.95±0.53 b	7.41±0.43 c
叶长/cm	T₁	8.76±1.02 b	11.43±0.67 ab	15.47±0.51 ab	17.29±1.30 ab	7.92±0.82 a	9.54±0.58 a	15.55±0.57 a	18.77±0.52 a
	T₂	11.10±0.79 a	12.17±0.92 a	16.20±0.72 a	18.89±0.96 a	8.42±0.39 a	10.52±0.75 a	16.48±0.42 a	19.64±0.74 a
	T₃	9.66±1.00 ab	11.30±0.70 ab	15.67±0.58 ab	17.18±0.90 b	7.95±0.75 a	9.56±0.63 a	13.53±0.66 b	16.12±0.57 b
	T₄	8.84±1.90 b	10.70±0.85 b	14.70±0.75 b	16.66±1.35 b	7.74±1.04 a	9.15±0.85 a	12.85±0.72 b	15.97±0.61 b
叶宽/cm	T₁	3.10±0.52 a	4.29±0.20 a	5.60±0.26 a	6.46±0.30 ab	3.52±0.42 a	4.53±0.34 a	6.74±0.45 ab	7.52±0.32 ab
	T₂	3.60±0.32 a	4.75±0.32 a	5.87±0.67 a	6.91±0.46 a	3.76±0.32 a	5.05±0.42 a	6.93±0.31 a	7.95±0.43 a
	T₃	3.46±0.79 a	4.62±0.45 a	5.83±0.59 a	6.75±0.38 a	3.58±0.29 a	4.72±0.35 a	6.22±0.39 bc	7.01±0.26 bc
	T₄	3.04±0.38 a	4.18±0.36 a	5.50±0.46 a	6.12±0.23 b	3.44±0.38 a	4.38±0.42 a	5.91±0.27 c	6.79±0.43 c

性状	处理	河心场村				芹菜塘村
性状	处理	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期
块茎长/cm	T₁	3.95±0.45 a	5.18±0.58 a	6.43±0.83 ab	9.16±0.47 a	4.27±0.52 a	5.52±0.54 a	7.95±0.27 a	9.62±0.56 a
	T₂	4.01±0.43 a	5.29±0.63 a	6.85±0.45 a	9.37±0.76 a	4.56±0.37 a	5.87±0.61 a	8.35±0.56 a	9.85±0.42 a
	T₃	3.64±0.54 a	4.98±0.71 a	6.46±0.88 ab	8.85±0.39 a	4.33±0.62 a	5.38±0.57 a	6.84±0.38 b	8.71±0.28 b
	T₄	3.41±0.50 a	4.79±0.84 a	6.28±0.76 b	8.08±0.85 b	4.22±0.38 a	5.22±0.73 a	6.49±0.56 b	8.24±0.35 b
块茎粗/cm	T₁	2.53±0.33 a	3.21±0.53 a	3.49±0.47 ab	3.93±0.61 ab	2.64±0.16 a	3.74±0.27 a	5.26±0.22 a	6.16±0.11 a
	T₂	2.42±0.29 a	3.07±0.47 a	3.78±0.52 a	4.01±0.49 a	2.76±0.24 a	4.06±0.31 a	5.42±0.19 a	6.52±0.24 a
	T₃	2.29±0.26 a	3.15±0.60 a	3.63±0.59 ab	3.89±0.49 ab	2.42±0.23 a	3.52±0.26 ab	4.31±0.23 b	5.16±0.25 b
	T₄	2.35±0.28 a	2.92±0.55 a	3.33±0.54 b	3.54±0.28 b	2.28±0.25 a	2.97±0.33 b	3.86±0.24 b	4.82±0.22 b
休眠芽长/cm	T₁	2.55±0.38 a	5.39±0.45 a	5.70±0.81 ab	7.10±0.68 a	3.41±0.38 a	5.38±0.65 a	6.04±0.67 a	7.24±0.38 a
	T₂	2.84±0.45 a	5.47±0.25 a	5.84±0.90 a	7.24±0.68 a	3.75±0.36 a	5.63±0.55 a	6.32±0.54 a	7.62±0.51 a
	T₃	2.65±0.67 a	4.47±0.34 b	5.53±0.79 ab	6.32±0.81 b	3.21±0.43 a	4.94±0.42 a	5.84±0.63 a	6.95±0.47 a
	T₄	2.42±0.55 a	4.12±0.56 b	5.28±0.72 b	5.87±0.79 b	3.25±0.52 a	4.76±0.57 a	5.68±0.51 a	6.86±0.65 a
块茎鲜重/g	T₁	23.33±1.45 a	50.00±2.00 a	73.11±2.78 a	82.98±2.55 b	32.54±2.45 a	58.27±2.15 a	83.79±3.38 a	91.64±1.88 b
	T₂	24.00±1.46 a	51.11±1.92 a	75.00±4.41 a	90.89±3.70 a	36.62±3.46 a	63.14±3.29 a	85.27±2.65 a	105.84±1.61 a
	T₃	23.57±1.57 a	38.55±2.88 b	68.40±3.24 b	72.02±3.08 c	35.63±3.57 a	50.36±4.63 b	68.93±3.64 b	82.41±2.32 c
	T₄	20.96±1.85 a	34.92±2.78 b	57.50±1.25 c	65.47±2.59 d	31.62±2.85 a	43.86±4.32 b	62.65±3.54 c	77.27±2.08 d

性状	处理	河心场村				芹菜塘村
性状	处理	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期
块茎长/cm	T₁	3.95±0.45 a	5.18±0.58 a	6.43±0.83 ab	9.16±0.47 a	4.27±0.52 a	5.52±0.54 a	7.95±0.27 a	9.62±0.56 a
	T₂	4.01±0.43 a	5.29±0.63 a	6.85±0.45 a	9.37±0.76 a	4.56±0.37 a	5.87±0.61 a	8.35±0.56 a	9.85±0.42 a
	T₃	3.64±0.54 a	4.98±0.71 a	6.46±0.88 ab	8.85±0.39 a	4.33±0.62 a	5.38±0.57 a	6.84±0.38 b	8.71±0.28 b
	T₄	3.41±0.50 a	4.79±0.84 a	6.28±0.76 b	8.08±0.85 b	4.22±0.38 a	5.22±0.73 a	6.49±0.56 b	8.24±0.35 b
块茎粗/cm	T₁	2.53±0.33 a	3.21±0.53 a	3.49±0.47 ab	3.93±0.61 ab	2.64±0.16 a	3.74±0.27 a	5.26±0.22 a	6.16±0.11 a
	T₂	2.42±0.29 a	3.07±0.47 a	3.78±0.52 a	4.01±0.49 a	2.76±0.24 a	4.06±0.31 a	5.42±0.19 a	6.52±0.24 a
	T₃	2.29±0.26 a	3.15±0.60 a	3.63±0.59 ab	3.89±0.49 ab	2.42±0.23 a	3.52±0.26 ab	4.31±0.23 b	5.16±0.25 b
	T₄	2.35±0.28 a	2.92±0.55 a	3.33±0.54 b	3.54±0.28 b	2.28±0.25 a	2.97±0.33 b	3.86±0.24 b	4.82±0.22 b
休眠芽长/cm	T₁	2.55±0.38 a	5.39±0.45 a	5.70±0.81 ab	7.10±0.68 a	3.41±0.38 a	5.38±0.65 a	6.04±0.67 a	7.24±0.38 a
	T₂	2.84±0.45 a	5.47±0.25 a	5.84±0.90 a	7.24±0.68 a	3.75±0.36 a	5.63±0.55 a	6.32±0.54 a	7.62±0.51 a
	T₃	2.65±0.67 a	4.47±0.34 b	5.53±0.79 ab	6.32±0.81 b	3.21±0.43 a	4.94±0.42 a	5.84±0.63 a	6.95±0.47 a
	T₄	2.42±0.55 a	4.12±0.56 b	5.28±0.72 b	5.87±0.79 b	3.25±0.52 a	4.76±0.57 a	5.68±0.51 a	6.86±0.65 a
块茎鲜重/g	T₁	23.33±1.45 a	50.00±2.00 a	73.11±2.78 a	82.98±2.55 b	32.54±2.45 a	58.27±2.15 a	83.79±3.38 a	91.64±1.88 b
	T₂	24.00±1.46 a	51.11±1.92 a	75.00±4.41 a	90.89±3.70 a	36.62±3.46 a	63.14±3.29 a	85.27±2.65 a	105.84±1.61 a
	T₃	23.57±1.57 a	38.55±2.88 b	68.40±3.24 b	72.02±3.08 c	35.63±3.57 a	50.36±4.63 b	68.93±3.64 b	82.41±2.32 c
	T₄	20.96±1.85 a	34.92±2.78 b	57.50±1.25 c	65.47±2.59 d	31.62±2.85 a	43.86±4.32 b	62.65±3.54 c	77.27±2.08 d

性状	处理	河心场村				芹菜塘村
性状	处理	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期	4龄期	5龄期	6龄期	7龄期
茎腐病病情指数	T₁	1.76±0.70 b	3.23±0.80 b	4.36±0.64 b	6.06±0.76 b	2.33±0.57 b	3.45±0.64 b	4.15±0.35 c	5.78±0.37 c
	T₂	1.61±0.60 b	3.77±0.79 b	4.84±0.76 b	6.22±0.98 b	2.57±0.48 b	3.29±0.26 b	5.07±0.71 c	6.45±0.63 c
	T₃	4.89±0.91 a	7.53±0.88 a	8.13±0.87 a	9.44±0.56 a	4.59±0.48 a	6.24±0.62 a	8.59±0.82 b	11.51±0.39 b
	T₄	2.76±0.75 b	3.99±0.79 b	8.98±1.01 a	9.78±0.47 a	5.62±0.62 a	7.76±0.32 a	11.31±0.45 a	13.81±0.89 a
根腐病病情指数	T₁	1.18±0.31 b	2.12±0.23 c	4.63±0.43 c	5.15±0.47 c	1.47±0.35 b	3.11±0.51 b	6.82±0.47 b	7.96±1.24 b
	T₂	1.22±0.26 b	2.49±0.17 bc	4.14±0.34 c	6.77±0.69 c	1.91±0.49 b	3.70±0.47 b	5.78±0.33 b	8.73±0.63 b
	T₃	1.46±0.36 b	2.98±0.43 ab	9.16±0.71 a	13.62±0.91 a	2.08±0.47 b	4.11±0.31 b	9.14±1.70 a	15.79±0.62 a
	T₄	3.54±0.50 a	5.75±0.51 a	6.88±0.70 b	10.74±0.80 b	5.21±1.06 a	7.52±0.46 a	11.21±0.63 a	17.73±0.84 a