Effect of Optimizing Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrient Supply

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0513

Abstract

Abstract:

Potato is one kind of important food and vegetable crop in China, ranking first in terms of area and production in the world. Adjusting the fertilization structure of potato and improving potato’s yield and quality have become urgent issues in potato cultivation. In the two-year field experiment, the potential of organic and microbial fertilizers to improve potato quality and yield under reduced chemical fertilizer was studied. The experiment aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the model of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in potato. The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the application of organic or microbial fertilizers significantly increased potato yield by 23.5% to 34.5%, increased potato starch content by 4.2% to 17.5%, and reduced potato nitrate content by 9.0% to 56.0%, significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties. Microbial fertilizers could significantly increase the content of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that fertilizer application level had a significant effect on potato nutritional quality, while fertilizer type was the main factor affecting soil physical and chemical properties. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus content and pH had significant effects on the nutritional quality of potato.

Key words: potato, microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yield, quality

GUO Xinsong, WEI Juhua, SHA Chunyan, GAO Han, SONG Zhi, FAN Zhongqing, YIN Jing, DING Fangjun. Effect of Optimizing Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrient Supply[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 84-90.

Figures/Tables 9

References 21

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年份	处理	复合肥(15-15-15)				微生物肥	有机肥
年份	处理	施用量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	微生物肥	有机肥
2021	Ctrl	3000	450	450	450	—	—
	OF1	3000	450	450	450	—	1800
	OF2	2700	405	405	405	—	1800
	OF3	2400	360	360	360	—	1800
	OF4	2100	315	315	315	—	1800
	BF1	3000	450	450	450	300	—
	BF2	2700	405	405	405	300	—
	BF3	2400	360	360	360	300	—
	BF4	2100	315	315	315	300	—
2022	CF	3000	450	450	450	—	—
	OF	2400	360	360	360	—	1800
	BF	2400	360	360	360	300	—

年份	处理	复合肥(15-15-15)				微生物肥	有机肥
年份	处理	施用量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	微生物肥	有机肥
2021	Ctrl	3000	450	450	450	—	—
	OF1	3000	450	450	450	—	1800
	OF2	2700	405	405	405	—	1800
	OF3	2400	360	360	360	—	1800
	OF4	2100	315	315	315	—	1800
	BF1	3000	450	450	450	300	—
	BF2	2700	405	405	405	300	—
	BF3	2400	360	360	360	300	—
	BF4	2100	315	315	315	300	—
2022	CF	3000	450	450	450	—	—
	OF	2400	360	360	360	—	1800
	BF	2400	360	360	360	300	—

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)
CF	37245±2520b
OF	53085±1950a
BF	56415±1245a

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)
CF	37245±2520b
OF	53085±1950a
BF	56415±1245a

年份	处理	还原性糖(RS)/%		硝酸盐/(mg/kg)		淀粉/%		蛋白质/%
2021	Ctrl	0.36±0.01bc		266.01±15.80a		14.30±0.03f		1.89±0.03ab
	OF1	0.38±0.00ab		242.14±4.61ab		16.50±0.09b		1.73±0.02d
	OF2	0.38±0.00a		227.21±1.00b		16.80±0.11a		1.84±0.01bc
	OF3	0.35±0.00c		200.03±14.00c		15.40±0.01d		1.90±0.01ab
	OF4	0.34±0.00cd		147.17±4.35e		14.90±0.05e		1.93±0.01a
	BF1	0.36±0.01bc		173.11±7.57d		16.20±0.09c		1.76±0.04cd
	BF2	0.38±0.00ab		139.25±6.42ef		16.40±0.04b		1.84±0.02bc
	BF3	0.36±0.00bc		128.18±3.78ef		16.40±0.02b		1.83±0.04bc
	BF4	0.33±0.00d		117.31±5.03f		16.50±0.05b		1.85±0.02ab
2022	CF	0.33±0.01b		268.00±12.70a		14.00±0.78b		1.78±0.02b
	OF	0.36±0.01a		193.13±7.73b		15.90±0.42a		1.95±0.10a
	BF	0.37±0.02a		122.10±10.10c		16.90±0.66a		1.92±0.04a
显著性分析	因素	F	<5%	F	<5%	F	<5%	F	<5%
	A	1.76	0.200	76.39	0.000^**	360	0.000^**	9.92	0.001^**
	B	21.23	0.000^**	29.07	0.000^**	76.57	0.000^**	15.34	0.000^**
	A×B	2.07	0.140	4.34	0.018^*	111	0.000^**	9.34	0.001^**