Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Side Deep Application of Controlled-release Blend Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Japonica Rice ‘Nanjing 5055’

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0094

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effects of nitrogen reduction and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization, local japonica rice cultivar ‘Nanjing 5055’ was selected as the material, four treatments were set up in paddy fields, including no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), local conventional fertilizer (CK), one-time side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer (S₁) and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer and top application of available nitrogen fertilizer (S₂), the experiments were carried out in Dongchen Town and Baipu Town of Rugao City, respectively. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen fertilizer rate of S₁ and S₂ were both reduced by 25% than CK. The results of two experimental locations showed that both S₁ and S₂ could improve the appearance, cooking and eating quality of rice compared with CK, but the grain yield and total nitrogen uptake were reduced by an average of 5.12%, 1.27% and 9.53%, 2.77%, respectively. The grain yield of S₁ was significantly decreased due to a significant reduction in its spikelets per panicle, while there was no significant difference between S₂ and CK. Besides, the recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were all greatly increased under S₂. Our results indicate that, when the total nitrogen fertilizer rate is drastically reduced, it is more beneficial to realizing green, high quality and efficient production of rice by applying the pattern of S₂.

Key words: rice, nitrogen reduction, side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer, yield, quality

KAN Jianluan, SHI Lv, HAN Xiao, ZHOU Zhihong, SU Jianping, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Side Deep Application of Controlled-release Blend Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Japonica Rice ‘Nanjing 5055’[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 91-96.

Figures/Tables 6

References 38

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处理	施肥量/(kg/hm²)			施肥方式
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	施肥方式
0N	0	67.5	102	机插秧前基肥撒施过磷酸钙421.9 kg/hm²和氯化钾110 kg/hm²，穗肥施用氯化钾60 kg/hm²。
CK	330	67.5	102	机插秧前基肥撒施45%复合肥450 kg/hm²和尿素112.5 kg/hm²，分蘖肥于机插后5~7 d和10~12 d分别施用尿素75 kg/hm²和97.5 kg/hm²，穗肥于倒3.5叶期和倒1.5叶期分别施用40%掺混肥283.40 kg/hm²和尿素112.5 kg/hm²。
S₁	247.5	33	99	机插秧时同步侧深施用46%缓混肥825 kg/hm²，不再追肥。
S₂	247.5	24	100.8	机插秧时同步侧深施用46%缓混肥600 kg/hm²，穗肥施用40%掺混肥240 kg/hm²。

处理	施肥量/(kg/hm²)			施肥方式
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	施肥方式
0N	0	67.5	102	机插秧前基肥撒施过磷酸钙421.9 kg/hm²和氯化钾110 kg/hm²，穗肥施用氯化钾60 kg/hm²。
CK	330	67.5	102	机插秧前基肥撒施45%复合肥450 kg/hm²和尿素112.5 kg/hm²，分蘖肥于机插后5~7 d和10~12 d分别施用尿素75 kg/hm²和97.5 kg/hm²，穗肥于倒3.5叶期和倒1.5叶期分别施用40%掺混肥283.40 kg/hm²和尿素112.5 kg/hm²。
S₁	247.5	33	99	机插秧时同步侧深施用46%缓混肥825 kg/hm²，不再追肥。
S₂	247.5	24	100.8	机插秧时同步侧深施用46%缓混肥600 kg/hm²，穗肥施用40%掺混肥240 kg/hm²。

地点	处理	单位面积穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(t/hm²)
东陈	0N	258.35 b	110.86 c	87.24 a	27.66 a	6.91 c
	CK	380.24 a	125.05 a	83.84 a	26.57 b	10.59 a
	S₁	392.11 a	113.12 bc	85.94 a	26.38 b	10.06 b
	S₂	397.34 a	117.01 ab	87.05 a	25.90 b	10.48 ab
白蒲	0N	245.91 c	117.15 a	90.97 a	26.55 a	6.96 c
	CK	383.41 ab	121.34 a	87.47 ab	25.55 b	10.40 a
	S₁	375.42 b	111.55 b	90.28 ab	26.08 ab	9.86 b
	S₂	387.18 a	118.41 a	85.70 b	26.07 ab	10.24 a

地点	处理	单位面积穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(t/hm²)
东陈	0N	258.35 b	110.86 c	87.24 a	27.66 a	6.91 c
	CK	380.24 a	125.05 a	83.84 a	26.57 b	10.59 a
	S₁	392.11 a	113.12 bc	85.94 a	26.38 b	10.06 b
	S₂	397.34 a	117.01 ab	87.05 a	25.90 b	10.48 ab
白蒲	0N	245.91 c	117.15 a	90.97 a	26.55 a	6.96 c
	CK	383.41 ab	121.34 a	87.47 ab	25.55 b	10.40 a
	S₁	375.42 b	111.55 b	90.28 ab	26.08 ab	9.86 b
	S₂	387.18 a	118.41 a	85.70 b	26.07 ab	10.24 a

地点	处理	糙米率	精米率	整精米率	垩白粒率	垩白度
东陈	0N	83.71 a	74.38 b	63.42 d	12.30 a	2.85 a
	CK	86.41 a	76.04 a	72.55 a	8.60 b	2.13 b
	S₁	85.23 a	75.96 a	68.29 c	4.33 c	1.23 c
	S₂	85.46 a	76.14 a	70.32 b	4.07 c	1.00 c
白蒲	0N	84.83 a	75.43 c	64.93 c	11.50 a	3.10 a
	CK	85.52 a	77.16 a	69.36 a	10.10 a	2.60 b
	S₁	84.85 a	75.69 c	66.46 bc	6.33 b	1.67 c
	S₂	85.09 a	76.20 b	67.63 ab	6.07 b	1.43 c