Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.1 Published:05 January 2024

  Evolution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Substitution Rate of Organic Nitrogen in Rice-wheat Rotation System in Taihu Lake Region SHI Linlin, LIU Kailou, DONG Linlin, SHEN Yuan, CHEN Peifeng, SHEN Mingxing, WANG Haihou 2024, 40 (1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1032 Abstract + ( 122 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 34 ) Substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is the key strategy for chemical fertilizer reduction. The main aims are to clarify the main limiting factors of substitution rate of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen (SR) in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region, and to provide theoretical basis for SR promoting. This study based on the 40 years long-term field experiment, and three treatments were chosen, including no fertilization treatment (CK), chemical fertilization treatment (NPK) and organic fertilization treatment (OM). Urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied in NPK treatment, and the annual average amounts of pure N, P2O5 and K2O were 225-300, 119.4 and 179.1 kg/hm2, respectively. Pig manure or oil cake was used in OM treatment, which equaled to 103.1, 82.7 and 70.1 kg/hm2. The soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN) and SR and soil C/N ratio were calculated as well. The results showed that long-term fertilization promoted SOC level, and the SOC contents of the above three treatments could be fitted by Michaelis-Menten equation. The SOC content in the first decade accumulated rapidly and tended to equilibrate in the last 30 years. The average SOC content was 16.8 g/kg for OM, 15.8 g/kg for NPK and 15.1 g/kg for CK treatment. TN contents of OM, NPK and CK linearly increased with years, and the average TN contents were 1.71, 1.64 and 1.47 g/kg. The dynamics of the SR could be fitted by a piecewise linear model, where the SR decreased slightly at early times but increased at late times, with the threshold years being the 11th and 15.5th years of the rice and wheat seasons, respectively. Linear regulation analysis showed no relationship between SR and SOC, but SR was significantly correlated with TN and C/N ratio. In rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region, long-term organic fertilization can effectively promote soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and a high level of SOC (>17.0 g/kg) is the premise of improving SR. When the SOC approaches saturation, soil TN and C/N ratio are the main factors limiting the improvement of SR.

  Effects of Dolomite Powder and Magnesium Oxide Fertilizer on Calcium and Magnesium Nutrient Elements in Tobacco Planting Soil and Tobacco Leaves ZHAO Ajuan, LIU Qiongfeng, ZHOU Shimin, ZHAI Zhengguang, HU Liangliang, DUAN Meizhen, XIE Pengfei, LI Mingde, XIE Yangjun, HE Jiguang, LIANG Qizheng, LIU Youxiong 2024, 40 (1):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0560 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1084KB )   ( 27 ) The purpose of the research is to study the effect of dolomite powder and magnesium oxide fertilizer on the exchangeable calcium and magnesium content of tobacco growing soils, as well as the calcium, magnesium and other nutrient content of tobacco, so as to improve and scientifically validate tobacco fertilization methods. In the typical area of low exchangeable calcium and magnesium range of tobacco soils, different amounts of dolomite powder and magnesium oxide fertilizer were applied in a randomized block design. During the field plot test, the exchangeable magnesium and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels in the soil, as well as the calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels in tobacco leaves, were measured at different growth stages. Additionally, the agronomic traits of maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, plant height, stem circumference and pitch were observed. The results showed that the exchangeable magnesium content of the soil increased significantly with the application of 3000 kg/hm2 of dolomite powder during the 48 and 68 days of growth and after the tobacco harvest, compared to other treatments. Exchangeable calcium content in soil showed a significant increase after the tobacco harvest in comparison to other treatments. Upper and middle tobacco leaves had higher magnesium levels, and the upper tobacco leaves had higher calcium levels after the harvest than that in other treatments. In the field of tobacco soils with low levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium, the application of 3000 kg/hm2 of dolomite powder had the potential to increase the levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil and to increase the levels of magnesium and calcium in the tobacco leaves. The results could be used as a valuable reference for the optimization of fertilization practices.

  Effects of Tobacco Stem Biochar Based Fertilizer Application on Production and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco CHEN Guiyun, WANG Huifang, WANG Duo, SHI Dingguo, ZHANG Zhijun, XU Dongya, LI Yunchuan, KONG Decui, WANG Na, WANG Ge, DING Yi, BAI Yuxiang 2024, 40 (1):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0011 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 15 ) To explore the effects of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer application on yield, quality and disease occurrence of flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ were used as the research objects, and one conventional fertilization treatment (CK) and three different application rates of tobacco stem biochar ( T1: 400 g/plant, T2: 500 g/plant and T3: 600 g/plant) were set up to determine the growth period, agronomic traits, incidence rate, economic traits and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco with different varieties and treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control treatment, the application of biochar-based fertilizer could prolong the growth period of flue-cured tobacco ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’, and significantly improve the plant height, stem circumference, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length and leaf width of flue-cured tobacco. The application amount of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ and the application amount of 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ had the best effect. (2) The incidence of tobacco mosaic disease, wildfire disease and climatic spot disease treated with biochar-based fertilizer was significantly lower than that of the control treatment. Among them, the incidence of tobacco plant disease was the lowest when the application amount for‘Honghuadajinyuan’ and ‘K326’ was 600 g/plant and the application amount for ‘Yunyan 87’ was 500 g/plant. (3) The yield, average price, proportion of medium-grade tobacco and output value of tobacco treated with biochar-based fertilizer were significantly higher than those of control, and the application of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ had the best effect on improving the quality of tobacco plants. (4) After the application of biochar-based fertilizer, ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ could significantly reduce the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, and made the content of total nitrogen, potassium oxide and water-soluble chlorine in tobacco leaves more suitable. ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ could significantly reduce the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium oxide and water-soluble chlorine in tobacco leaves. The content of chemical components in tobacco leaves was the most suitable when the application amount for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ was 600 g/plant, the application amount for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ was 500 g/plant. In summary, the application of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ biochar-based fertilizer had the best effect on the growth of tobacco plants.

  Difference Analysis of the Main Economic Characters and Fatty Traits of 19 Camellia oleifera Cultivars Fruit JI Linlin, CHEN Suchuan, YAO Xiaohua, ZHANG Wensheng, HAN Wenyan, YIN Liubiao 2024, 40 (1):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0051 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1482KB )   ( 19 ) Contents of the main nutrients and the main economic characteristics of fruit from 19 Camellia oleifera cultivars were comprehensively analyzed and compared to screen cultivars exhibiting superior quality. To facilitate comparison, a cluster analysis was conducted on the economic characteristics, plant yield and seven main nutrient components of fruit from 19 Camellia oleifera. The study revealed significant differences in the fresh fruit masses, fresh seed mass, plant yield, kernel oil content of protein content and primary fatty acid composition. Notably, ‘Xianglin No.7’ exhibited the highest fresh fruit mass, while ‘Changlin No.3’ demonstrated the most elevated rates of fresh seed, dry kernel rate and plant yield. Correlation analysis further established a highly significant positive relationship between oil content and stearic acid as well as oleic acid content, while a significant negative correlation was observed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content. According to the evaluation model, the highest quality cultivars were determined to be ‘Xianglin No.7’, ‘Xianglin No.40’, and ‘Changlin No.53’. Utilizing the outcomes of cluster analysis, the 19 Camellia oleifera cultivars were categorized into four groups, with ‘Changlin No.3’ and ‘Xianglin No.7’ forming distinct clusters respectively, while ‘Changlin No.53’, ‘Xianglin No.40’ and ‘Xianglin No.97’ being grouped together, and other excellent samples of Camellia oleifera cultivars were classified as one type. The content of oleic acid and oil content could offer a scientific basis for the breeding of Camellia oleifera cultivars as genetic resources. Their divergent economic and nutritional attributes provide valuable insights for their development and utilization. In light of the analysis results, the recommended cultivars for cultivation are ‘Xianglin No.7’, ‘Xianglin No.40’ and ‘Changlin No.53’, while the more suitable options are ‘Changlin No.18’, ‘Xianglin No.1’ and ‘Xianglin No.26’.

  Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tomato Under Solar Greenhouse Condition DOU Zongxin, PANG Yong, WANG Baochun, LI Guannan 2024, 40 (1):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1006 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 23 ) To explore the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of vegetable crops, tomato was used as the test material to investigate the influences of single bio-organic fertilizer, single application of chemical fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer on facility soil nutrients, microorganisms, enzyme activity, yield, and quality under the condition of solar greenhouse by a randomized block experiment method. The results showed that compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, single application of bio-organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer+ chemical fertilizer significantly increased the yield of tomato fruits by 27.28% and 47.56%, respectively. Compared with other treatments, single application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the facility soil, while clearly reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen. It significantly increased not only the three microbial groups of soil actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria, but also the activities of alkaline phosphatase, invertase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase. In addition, single application of bio-organic fertilizer also significantly increased the contents of lycopene and Vc in tomato fruit, and significantly decreased the content of nitrate compared with other treatments. It is suggested that bio-organic fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and quality of tomato, and effectively improve the fertility of the facility soil. The present study can provide a certain basis and reference for the production of pollution-free vegetables.

  Effects of Growth Promoting Microbes on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings CAO Caihong, ZHANG Jingsuo, TIAN Yanan, ZHANG Songyang, WANG Zhongyi, CAO Lingling 2024, 40 (1):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0050 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1458KB )   ( 22 ) The effects of growth promoting microbes on growth and qualities of tomato seedling were studied. Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, B. mycoides and T. ghanense were applied to the roots for 4 times after breeding, and water was used as control. The indexes were tested including sprouting, growth and resistance, and comprehensive confirmation was made via membership function evaluation method. The results showed that B. megaterium, B. subtilis and T. ghanense could promote plant growth. Compared to the control, the dry weight was increased by 22.9%, 45.7% and 25.7% respectively, and it was improved by 89.0%, 61.76% and 41.3% in root activity. Meanwhile, POD, SOD and CAT activity of seedlings had significantly increased, and MDA content had decreased. The cold tolerance of seedlings was enhanced in winter. According to the comprehensive comparison, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and T. ghanense had better growth-promotion effect on the cultivation of tomato seedlings.

  Chemical Mutagenesis and Identification of Polyploid in Luculia pinciana WANG Lele, LU Xiaoyu, GUAN Wenling, LI Yefang 2024, 40 (1):  38-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1034 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2539KB )   ( 7 ) Induced polyploidy is nowadays an important strategy in plant breeding. To obtain new germplasm and breed new resistant varieties of Luculia pinciana, we got polyploid plants by chemical mutagenesis. The seeds of L. pinciana were soaked in different concentrations of oryzalin. The hypocotyl enlargement of seeds was regarded as the mutant, and the mutation rate and germination rate were calculated. The morphological observation, stomatal observation, chromosome count and flow cytometer were used to confirm ploidy level of diploid control and polyploid plants. The results were as follows: the highest percentage (60.1%) of polyploids was induced with 15 μmol/L oryzalin for 24 h, and two tetraploid plants were obtained. After 24 h induction with 25 μmol/L oryzalin, the mutation rate was 50%, and an octaploid plant was obtained. The polyploid plants showed different growth traits compared with those of diploid control plant; polyploid plants had leaves with a darker green color, a higher trichome density, and lower plant height. Particularly, stomata of polyploids were larger with lower density than diploids. Approximate multiple relationship of DNA content in different ploidy plants was detected by flow cytometry. The chromosome number was 2n=44 in diploids and 4n=88 in the tetraploids. The content of MDA was significantly lower than that of diploid, while the content of Pro was significantly higher than that of diploid.

  Comparison of Cold Resistance of Rosa rugosa and R. xanthina During Natural Overwintering WANG Cheng, ZHUANG Defeng, DU Xiaoyan, SUN Xiaoyan 2024, 40 (1):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0055 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 18 ) To compare the response mechanism of the cold resistance of Rosa rugosa and R. xanthina during natural overwintering, the current year branches of R. rugosa and R. xanthina during overwintering period were selected as materials (October 2020 to March, 2021), 7 physiological and biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed to explore its cold-resistance physiological mechanism. The results showed that the change of 7 indexes was consistent in the branches of R. rugosa and R. xanthina; MDA and soluble sugar content of R. rugosa was higher than that of R. xanthina; the change range of electrical conductivity in R. rugosa branches was higher than that in R. xanthina; water content, soluble protein content and POD activity of R. xanthina was higher than that of R. rugosa; SOD activity of R. xanthina was higher than that of R. rugosa at antifreeze stage. With comprehensive evaluation results of membership function method, soluble sugar, soluble protein and SOD of R. rugosa played a major role in cold resistance in the early natural overwintering stage; during the whole overwintering period, the content of soluble sugar was always high, played a protective role; R. xanthina adapted to low temperature through soluble protein and SOD, in the late natural overwintering stage, POD content increased and SOD maintained a high content, played a protective role at antifreeze stage. During natural overwintering period of R. rugosa and R. xanthina, cold resistance was higher in R. xanthina than R. rugosa, R. xanthina resisted low temperature through POD and SOD, and R. rugosa resisted low temperature through soluble sugar.

  Research on Changes of Leaf Carbohydrates and Nutrients During the Flowering Process of Manglietia aromatica WEI Hongri, YANG Qiancheng, QIN Yonghua, LIU Shinan 2024, 40 (1):  52-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0043 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 12 ) Through the preliminary field survey, it was found that the flowering and fruiting rate of Guangxi Manglietia aromatica was low, and there were differences in flowering and fruiting of M. aromatica in two different regions. In view of the role of carbohydrates and nutrient elements on flowering and fruiting, a study was conducted on M. aromatica. In this research, we analyzed the changes and differences in leaf carbohydrates and nutrient contents during flowering and fruiting in two regions of Guangxi Du’an and Leye, with a view to providing theoretical guidance for its high-quality and efficient cultivation. The results showed that: (1) during the whole study period, the soluble sugar and starch contents of Leye M. aromatica were higher than those of Du’an M. aromatica; with the change of time, the carbohydrate contents of the leaves of M. aromatica in the two regions showed the same trend of change, with the soluble sugar content increasing first and then decreasing, while the starch content continued to increase. (2) The N, P, and K contents of the massive elements in the leaves of the M. aromatica of Du’an and Leye showed N>K>P, and the N and K contents of the M. aromatica of both places showed the same trend from the bud stage to the early stage of fruit formation, and the P and K contents of the M. aromatica of both places showed the same trend from the flowering stage to the young fruit stage; from the flowering stage to the young fruit stage, the Ca contents of the leaves of the balsam lilies of both places showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend, while the Mg contents did not change significantly throughout the flowering period. The order of trace elements was Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu, and there were differences in the pattern of changes of trace elements in different locations during different developmental periods. (3) The contents of K, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn in the leaves of Du’an M. aromatica were significantly lower than those of Leye M. aromatica from the bud stage to the flowering stage, while the contents of P, B and Zn were significantly higher than those of Leye M. aromatica at the early stage of fruit formation and the young fruit stage, and the contents of Ca were significantly higher than those of Leye M. aromatica at the bud stage and the early flowering stage.

  Effect of Plastic Film Mulching and Shading Degree on Growth and Yield of Corydalis saxicola MA Yongpeng, LIU Yuanjian, LONG Yunxing, QUAN Shenchun, WANG Xi, SONG Xianwu, YUE Kai, GAO Chaowen, HU Zuo 2024, 40 (1):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0004 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 22 ) This study provides technical guidance for the efficient cultivation of Corydalis saxicola in Zhaotong area by exploring its requirements for mulching and light. Using the seedlings of C. saxicola as test materials, the growth and yield of C. saxicola were measured under different mulching treatments (mulching, no mulching) and shade treatments (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%), and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the average survival ratio of transplanting in the mulching treatment group reached 94.44%, which was 9.67% higher than that of no mulching treatment group. Fresh weight and dry weight of the whole plant under the mulching treatment were 0.728, 0.150 kg/m2, respectively, which were 65.45% and 40.59% higher than those under the no mulching treatment. Fresh weight and dry weight of the whole plant, fresh weight and dry weight of rhizome, plant height, capsule length, the number of inflorescences, the number of capsules, and the number of seeds were all up to the maximum value under 50% shading treatment. By stepwise regression analysis and path analysis, it was found that plant height, the number of capsules, capsule length, and the number of inflorescences were the decisive factors of the number of seeds, and their positive correlation with the number of seeds increased in turn. In conclusion, mulching treatment and 50% shading treatment are the best for transplantation, growth and yield of C. saxicola. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation of C. saxicola in Zhaotong area.

  Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Typical Rocky Desertification Area in Wenshan of Yunnan Based on Principal Component and Cluster Analysis LI Chunqing, QU Yonghan, NONG Quandong, NONG Chuanjiang, LI Xueping, RU Ruihong, CHEN Xianmei, ZHONG Zhengyang 2024, 40 (1):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0065 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 18 ) To provide scientific basis for soil quality improvement in typical rocky desertification area in Yanshan and Xichou County, Yunnan Province, the abundance and deficiency of soil fertility was diagnosed and the soil comprehensive fertility was evaluated. First, six soil fertility indexes (pH, organic matter, alkaline decomposition nitrogen, effective phosphorus, fast-acting potassium and electrical conductivity) were measured. Then, the change rule of indexes was analyzed. Finally, the comprehensive score of soil fertility was calculated by principal component analysis. The systematic clustering analysis was used to classify soil fertility scores. The results showed that in the study area, the content of available phosphorus was at medium to low level, and the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was at the high level. Principal component analysis was used to extract soil fertility indicators into three principal components, which reflect about 80.52% of all soil information. The first principal component was organic matter and pH, the second principal component was dominated by available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, and available phosphorus, and third one was electrical conductivity. The soil comprehensive fertility level was divided into two categories, the first category of soil comprehensive fertility was at medium level, and the second category was at lower level. In a word, the soil comprehensive fertility in Yanshan and Xichou County’s typical rocky desertification area was at medium to low level. Soil available phosphorus, organic matter and pH were the key factors affecting the soil comprehensive fertility. So it is necessary to strengthen soil nutrient management and apply fertilizer reasonably to improve the soil fertility level.

  A Model for Forecasting the Blooming Period of Oilseed Rape in High Altitude Area of Zhaosu WUMITI·Jumatai, BAI Jinfeng, MA Yuping, WU Nan, MAHEBA·Baheti 2024, 40 (1):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1035 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 27 ) In this study, gray correlation analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify the most correlated phenological period and significantly correlated meteorological factors for the blooming period of oilseed rape in Zhaosu county, respectively. A regression model was developed using data on phenology and meteorological factors from 1990 to 2019 in Zhaosu county to predict the blooming period in 2020 to 2022. In addition, the mean square error and relative error were used to evaluate the fitting results of the model. Finally, the prediction results of the model were evaluated using the mean fitting accuracy. The results showed that the relative errors of the regression model based on phenological period of oilseed rape in Zhaosu county and the regression model based on meteorological factors in Zhaosu county were 0.72% and 2.59%, respectively, the mean squared errors were 2.6 and 6.0, respectively, and the average fitting accuracy of the prediction results were 98.9% and 91.7%, respectively. A comparison of the two models revealed that the regression model of oilseed rape blooming period in Zhaosu county based on the phenological period was more accurate in model prediction.

  Analysis of Climate Quality Certification Indexes and Evaluation for Figs in Yuepuhu Kerimu ABASI, MENG Fanxue, Nuerpatiman MAIMAITIREYIMU, XIE Ye, Alimu AIERKEN 2024, 40 (1):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0002 Abstract + ( 4811 )   HTML ( 2126 )   PDF ( 1224KB )   ( 13632 ) In this paper, the daily average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours data of Yuepuhu General Weather Station during from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed by using climate tendency rate, cumulative anomaly climate statistical method to verify the climate quality for figs, and the effect of meteorological conditions on figs phenological phase and impact of meteorological factors, meteorological disaster on fig quality were primarily analyzed as well. The results showed that, according to this classification, the climate quality for figs in Yuepuhu garden spot were “excellent”. The research conclusion aims to provide scientific basis for improving fruit quality of fig cultivation and future rational management.

  Pathogen Identification and Chemical Control Techniques Against Root-knot Nematode Disease of Facility Watermelon in Huyi District of Xi’an City WEI Peiyao, PAN Song, LIU Chen, CHEN Zhijie, ZHANG Feng, LI Yingmei 2024, 40 (1):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1031 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1835KB )   ( 11 ) The occurrence, damage and pathogen species of the watermelon root-knot nematode disease were investigated at facilities in the Huyi District, Shaanxi Province. Safe and efficient pesticide control technologies against this disease were screened to ensure the healthy development of the Shaanxi watermelon industry. In May 2022, the incidence and disease index of root-knot nematode disease were determined in the main watermelon planting bases of Huyi District. Root-knot nematodes were isolated from watermelon root samples, the species was identified by morphological and molecular identification methods, and the effects of different chemicals were evaluated. The results showed that the average diseased field rate, diseased plant rate, and disease index in the main watermelon production area of Huyi District were 92.9%, 88.7%, and 73.1 respectively. Based on the morphological characteristics of second-stage juveniles, the perineal patterns of female adults, and molecular identification, Meloidogyne incognita was identified as the infectious nematode in watermelons. The test showed that 98% dazomet had a significant inhibitory effect. The appropriate dosage was 150 kg/hm2 of soil, reached 100% inhibition in 30 days and 92.1% in 70 days. In addition, soil treatment with 41.7% fluopyram (2250 mL/hm2) before transplanting watermelons could effectively inhibit M. incognita infection. After 70 days, the relative inhibitory effect was 75.7%, which was better than root irrigation.

  Research Status and Trend of Wood Canker Based on CiteSpace LI Quansheng, CAO Shanshan, SUN Wei, ZHANG Zhiyong 2024, 40 (1):  91-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0018 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 3006KB )   ( 8 ) This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the current research status and progress of domestic and international research on wood canker. Relevant research literatures on wood canker included in the core set of Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 1990 to 2022 were retrieved. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to visualize and analyze the co-occurrence of country, institution, and author, keyword clustering, and frequency burst data of the included literature. After selection, a total of 621 WOS papers and 1886 CNKI papers were included. There is an overall upward trend in the international research fervor on wood canker, with research countries dominated by China and the United States, research institutions dominated by universities, domestic institutions and scholars are very active and cooperate more, and cooperation between countries is insufficient. The more active high-frequency keyword clusters are currently taxonomy, antifungal activity, mycovirus, and pests and diseases. International research hotspots and trends on wood canker are evolving in dimension, focusing on hot issues such as bark, purification, lectin, diversity, etc. Domestic research is concentrating on traditional perspectives such as Formica Arsenic, xylem, tree vigor, bridging, etc., and gradually focusing on cirrus, pathogenesis, antibacterial activity and other topics in the Chinese context.

  Research Progress of Straw Feed Based on Bibliometrics ZHU Yi, XU Zhiyu, SUN Renhua, YUAN Yi, FENG Haojie, XUE Yinghao 2024, 40 (1):  102-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1046 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2453KB )   ( 21 ) The paper aims to analyze the research progress of straw feed utilization, relevant literature on straw feed research in the Web of Science Core Collection database and CNKI China Academic Literature Network Publishing Database from 2002-2021 were selected to mainly analyze domestic and foreign research strengths, hotspots and frontier of the research. The results were visualized by CiteSpace software. The results indicated that the overall number of Chinese and English literature related to straw feed utilization had been increasing annually from 2002-2021, with a larger volume of researches in countries like China, the USA, and India; The top-ranked research institutions of English and Chinese articles included China Agricultural University and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The cooperation relationships among major authors of Chinese articles transited from a star to a mesh structure, the major authors of English articles showed a variety of cooperation relationships including star, ring, tree and mesh structures. The top-ranked author with 156 English articles is Wanapat, a scholar from Khon Kaen University. Research hotspots in Chinese literature on straw feed utilization are ‘lactic acid bacteria’, ‘associative effects’, ‘silage’, ‘fermentation quality’ and ‘growth performance’, the research frontiers focus on the production and growth performance of ruminants, as well as the effect of additives on the quality of silage/microbial silage fermentation. Research hotspots in the English literature are ‘nutritive value’, ‘growth’, ‘rumen fermentation’, ‘dairy cow’ and ‘degradation’, while research frontiers focus on the dynamic regulating mechanisms of microflora during straw fermentation and rumen fermentation, as well as the combined effects of additives on feed nutrient utilization and animal energy metabolism. Our results could provide references for scholars to distill scientific issues in the field of straw feed utilization.

  Effect of Antioxidants on the Storage Quality of Tobacco Leaves After Nitrogen-enriched Air Conditioning and Dispersion HUANG Lei, ZHONG Shuai, LUO Zhigang, LI Yimeng, YANG Xiaodong, SHEN Si, YUAN Yanhua, GAO Qunyu 2024, 40 (1):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0656 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 8 ) In this study, high and low concentrations of three different antioxidants were used to treat tobacco strips to explore the quality changes of cured tobacco leaves after nitrogen-enriched air conditioning and dispersion. The changes of iodine value, pH, color difference and polyphenol oxidase activity were analyzed by using C3F redried tobacco strips in Wenshan of Yunnan Province, which had continuously undergone nitrogen-enriched air conditioning for 28 months. The effects of different treatments on slowing the iodine value increase of tobacco leaves of natural storage for 3 months were as follows: Ve-cyclodextrin complex treatment> nitrogen-enriched air conditioning treatment> 0.75 g/L Ve> 0.75 g/L Vc> 0.075 g/L Vc / 0.075 g/L Ve. After 6 months of natural storage, the treatment effects of high concentration of Ve and Vc were the best. The pH of the samples treated with Ve-cyclodextrin complex decreased at the lowest rate, and the original pH of the samples was maintained the best. The treatment of low and high concentrations of Ve and high concentration of Vc and Ve-cyclodextrin complex can improve the chroma of tobacco leaves of natural storage within 6 months after dispersion. After 6 months of natural storage, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was the lowest under high concentration of Ve treatment. The three kinds of antioxidants can effectively delay the changes of properties of tobacco leaves under natural storage after nitrogen-enriched air conditioning and dispersion, and high concentration of Ve has the least influence on the sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves.

  Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Harvest Maturity at One Time of 6 Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves DENG Xiaoqiang, LI Sijun, HOU Jianlin, ZHU Lin, XIA Bing, WU Wenxin, JIANG Zhimin, ZHANG Zhongwen, ZHANG Cheng, ZHENG Hongbin, WANG Weimin, DENG Xiaohua 2024, 40 (1):  118-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0932 Abstract + ( 82 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1456KB )   ( 11 ) To clarify the suitable maturity for one-time plucking of six upper tobacco leaves, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as material, and three treatments of low maturity (M1), medium maturity (M2) and high maturity (M3) were designed to carry out the harvesting and curing experiments of different maturity of upper tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan, and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results. The results showed that as the harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves increased, the SPAD value of fresh tobacco and proportion of greenish tobacco leaves decreased, and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased; the maturity of tobacco leaves increased, the structure became loose, and the oil content increased; the single leaf weight of tobacco, thickness of leaf, weight unit leaf area and balance water ratio decreased; the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and starch decreased, the contents of nicotine increased, and the availability of chemical components increased; tobacco yield and output value decreased. Compared with M1 and M3, index of appearance quality of M2 treatment was 6.18% and -2.13% higher, physical properties index was 2.35% and 5.30% higher, availability index of chemical components was 30.88% and 4.55% higher, total score of smoking quality was 10.12% and 0.50% higher, the economic properties index was 8.96% and 12.97% higher, index of tobacco quality was 12.53% and 1.16% higher, and the comprehensive economic effect index was 10.11% and 6.98% higher. On the whole, M2 was the most suitable ripeness for the 6 upper tobacco leaves; and the suitable harvest maturity of ‘Yunyan 87’ of upper leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan required that leaf surface turned yellow by 50%-80%, main vein became white by 50%-80%, branch vein became white by 30%-50%, part of the hair fell off, and there were more mature spots. When the SPAD value of fresh tobacco was 20.44-30.79, it could be used as a reference for guiding the appropriate harvest maturity of upper tobacco leaves of paddy- tobacco of ‘Yunyan 87’.

  Relationship Between Sensory Quality and Chemical Component of Flue-cured Tobacco in Shandong Province and Establishment of Quality Prediction Models ZHOU Xiansheng, LI Xiaoyang, LIU Zhiguang, ZHOU Xiaoyu, QIU Chengyu, ZHUANG Zhilin, CAO Jianmin 2024, 40 (1):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0579 Abstract + ( 65 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 13 ) In order to explore the relationship between chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco in Shandong Province, a sensory quality evaluation and determination of 23 chemical indicators in five categories, including conventional components, organic acids, alkaloids, monosaccharides and polyphenols, were conducted on representative flue-cured tobacco leaves from six regions in Shandong Province. Multiple statistical methods such as simple correlation, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Six key quality indicators including total sugar, chlorine, chlorogenic acid, nornicotine, citric acid/nicotine, and oleic acid were screened. The sensory quality prediction model of Shandong tobacco leaves was constructed. The absolute difference between the predicted value and the actual value was 0.43-3.88 points. The relative error was -5.66%-6.32%, between actual value and predicted value of the verification sample, and the average error was 3.18%. The sensory quality prediction model based on key chemical components can provide certain technical support for the objective quality evaluation of flue-cured tobacco in Shandong Province.

  Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Postharvest Quality Characteristics of Melon WANG Manman, YAN Honglang, FENG Lulu, ZHANG Huimin, WANG Kang, JIANG Qiuwei 2024, 40 (1):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1036 Abstract + ( 65 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 11 ) To explore the change rule of postharvest quality characteristics of melon under different storage conditions, five different melon cultivars (‘Tongtianmi 1’, ‘Ribentianbao’, ‘Tongcui 1’, ‘Tongcui 3’ and ‘Yangjiaomi’) were chosen as experimental materials. The picking period of fruit was determined according to the change of single fruit weight during fruit growth and development. Melon suitable for harvesting were picked and stored at 4, 10 and 15℃, respectively. The effects of storage temperature on fruit quality were studied by analyzing the changes of water content, weight loss rate, peel color, soluble solid content and flesh hardness of melon fruits. The result showed that the postharvest fruits of ‘Tongtianmi 1’, ‘Tongcui 3’ and ‘Ribentianbao’ had lower weight loss rate, and better maintenance of soluble solids, hardness and peel color. Among the three storage temperatures, 4℃ showed slight freezing damage in the middle and late period of storage, 15℃ showed the shortest shelf life. However, 10℃ showed the slowest rate of fruit quality decline, which could better maintain the quality of fruit and prolong the storage period.

  Research Status and Development Trend of Low Temperature Meat Products ZHENG Rongmei, HU Ping, ZHANG Lei, WU Wenyan, WANG Xiaoyu 2024, 40 (1):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1049 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2004KB )   ( 15 ) Low temperature meat products are favored by consumers because of their full taste, fresh, tender and juicy, elastic meat structure and high nutritional value, and gradually occupy a leading position in the meat products market. This paper summarizes the research on the category, nutritional quality and flavor of low-temperature meat products, common preservation technologies, functionality. This will provide theoretical reference for the in-depth research and production of low-temperature meat products.

  Estimating Equivalent Water Thickness of Tobacco Leaves Based on Water Hyperspectral Indices JIA Fangfang, TENG Shihua, HE Lin, FU Anqi, CHEN Shuping, ZHAO Zhongyuan 2024, 40 (1):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0031 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1523KB )   ( 33 ) In order to timely and accurately monitor the tobacco leaf moisture status, this study conducted water stress experiments on different flue-cured tobacco varieties for over two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). The spectral reflectance and leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) of tobacco leaves were measured, and the water spectral indices based on EWT were screened out and used to construct a prediction model. The results showed that: (1) the leaf equivalent water thickness of different tobacco genotypes decreased with the reduction of irrigation amount. (2) The spectral reflectance of tobacco leaves under different moisture treatments varied regularly in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. (3) The spectral sensitive regions of EWT were mainly concentrated in the visible region of 500-600 nm, the near-infrared region of 700-900 nm and 1000-1250 nm, and the short-wave infrared region of 1900-2000 nm. The optimal water spectral indices were NDWI (R1920, R1930) and SRWI (R1930, R1920), and the core bands for EWT were 1920 nm and 1930 nm. (4) The accuracy and stability result of ELM was the best in the different linear and nonlinear prediction models of EWT prediction models, with the model decision coefficient of 0.853, the validation decision coefficient of 0.855, and the RMSE of 0.004. This indicates that water spectral indices combined with nonlinear models can be utilized to predict the moisture content in tobacco leaves.

  Current Situation of Sucrose Industry Innovation and Hot Spot Technology: From a Global Patent Perspective DAI Xixi, ZHANG Yingqing, LI Lu, TIAN Jiang, MO Nan, YU Chen, GUO Wen 2024, 40 (1):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0978 Abstract + ( 73 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1709KB )   ( 28 ) The international development trend of sugarcane technology was analyzed from the aspects of countries and number of patent applications, application institutions and technical differences, research and development hotspots, etc. The results showed that sugarcane technology patents presented three stages of slow growth, rapid growth and decline from 2000 to 2020. The most valued technology markets and major technology exporters in the world were China, the United States and Brazil, which had the largest accumulative patent applications. Large multinational companies such as Codihua, Bayer and Syngenta were not only the main patent applicants in the world, but also active in patent applications in China. They had applied for a large number of basic patents in the fields of sugarcane molecular breeding, asexual propagation, biochemical prevention and control, basically realizing global technical protection. The scientific research institutions and universities are the main body of domestic patent application, and patent type direction focuses on the research and development of sugarcane planting, production, processing and other new practical technologies.