Pathogen Identification and Chemical Control Techniques Against Root-knot Nematode Disease of Facility Watermelon in Huyi District of Xi’an City

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1031

Abstract

Abstract:

The occurrence, damage and pathogen species of the watermelon root-knot nematode disease were investigated at facilities in the Huyi District, Shaanxi Province. Safe and efficient pesticide control technologies against this disease were screened to ensure the healthy development of the Shaanxi watermelon industry. In May 2022, the incidence and disease index of root-knot nematode disease were determined in the main watermelon planting bases of Huyi District. Root-knot nematodes were isolated from watermelon root samples, the species was identified by morphological and molecular identification methods, and the effects of different chemicals were evaluated. The results showed that the average diseased field rate, diseased plant rate, and disease index in the main watermelon production area of Huyi District were 92.9%, 88.7%, and 73.1 respectively. Based on the morphological characteristics of second-stage juveniles, the perineal patterns of female adults, and molecular identification, Meloidogyne incognita was identified as the infectious nematode in watermelons. The test showed that 98% dazomet had a significant inhibitory effect. The appropriate dosage was 150 kg/hm² of soil, reached 100% inhibition in 30 days and 92.1% in 70 days. In addition, soil treatment with 41.7% fluopyram (2250 mL/hm²) before transplanting watermelons could effectively inhibit M. incognita infection. After 70 days, the relative inhibitory effect was 75.7%, which was better than root irrigation.

Key words: Meloidogyne spp., watermelon, occurrence, pathogen identification, chemical control, Huyi District

WEI Peiyao, PAN Song, LIU Chen, CHEN Zhijie, ZHANG Feng, LI Yingmei. Pathogen Identification and Chemical Control Techniques Against Root-knot Nematode Disease of Facility Watermelon in Huyi District of Xi’an City[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 83-90.

Figures/Tables 8

References 27

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采集地点	病田率/%	病株率/%	病情指数
同兴村	92.9	90.8	72.5
双南村	85.7	81.4	73.1
西八什村	100.0	94.0	73.6
平均	92.9	88.7	73.1

采集地点	病田率/%	病株率/%	病情指数
同兴村	92.9	90.8	72.5
双南村	85.7	81.4	73.1
西八什村	100.0	94.0	73.6
平均	92.9	88.7	73.1

虫态	数量/头	形态特征	同兴村		双南村		西八什村
虫态	数量/头	形态特征	测量值	范围	测量值	范围	测量值	范围
雌虫	20	体长/μm	800.88±28.31	738.52~935.00	801.57±49.74	655.53~997.28	785.95±56.59	586.87~968.70
		体宽/μm	547.79±29.85	432.87~643.81	521.86±18.24	465.93~612.88	570.91±33.85	434.99~711.88
		口针长/μm	15.11±0.58	13.97~16.57	19.25±3.43	13.59~28.26	14.53±0.40	13.55~15.49
		背食道腺开口到口针基部球距离/μm	2.72±0.21	2.33~3.20	1.98±0.21	1.41~2.32	2.85±0.32	2.19~3.68
		阴门裂长度/μm	20.84±1.42	16.00~26.92	22.37±0.91	18.24~25.47	21.00±1.33	16.63~27.09
		阴门到肛门的距离/μm	19.17±1.15	15.12~23.52	16.90±1.24	12.40~21.66	17.90±1.35	13.85~24.90
2龄幼虫	25	体长/μm	386.00±5.78	370.50~407.51	384.22±6.94	367.27~407.28	375.08±2.73	367.01~383.4
		体宽/μm	15.13±0.40	14.27~16.52	15.71±0.37	14.23~16.82	16.40±0.54	15.04~17.65
		口针长/μm	12.91±0.15	12.51~13.40	12.80±0.28	12.08~13.55	12.55±0.40	11.46~13.84
		背食道腺开口到口针基部球距离/μm	2.22±0.35	1.07~3.18	2.53±0.31	2.00~3.70	2.69±0.18	2.27~3.37
		尾长/μm	79.48±5.26	90.26~93.06	76.74±7.93	54.25~89.23	67.20±5.60	50.92~76.51
		透明尾长/μm	16.22±4.45	9.84~29.38	11.80±0.76	10.28~13.90	10.60±0.85	8.33~11.93

虫态	数量/头	形态特征	同兴村		双南村		西八什村
虫态	数量/头	形态特征	测量值	范围	测量值	范围	测量值	范围
雌虫	20	体长/μm	800.88±28.31	738.52~935.00	801.57±49.74	655.53~997.28	785.95±56.59	586.87~968.70
		体宽/μm	547.79±29.85	432.87~643.81	521.86±18.24	465.93~612.88	570.91±33.85	434.99~711.88
		口针长/μm	15.11±0.58	13.97~16.57	19.25±3.43	13.59~28.26	14.53±0.40	13.55~15.49
		背食道腺开口到口针基部球距离/μm	2.72±0.21	2.33~3.20	1.98±0.21	1.41~2.32	2.85±0.32	2.19~3.68
		阴门裂长度/μm	20.84±1.42	16.00~26.92	22.37±0.91	18.24~25.47	21.00±1.33	16.63~27.09
		阴门到肛门的距离/μm	19.17±1.15	15.12~23.52	16.90±1.24	12.40~21.66	17.90±1.35	13.85~24.90
2龄幼虫	25	体长/μm	386.00±5.78	370.50~407.51	384.22±6.94	367.27~407.28	375.08±2.73	367.01~383.4
		体宽/μm	15.13±0.40	14.27~16.52	15.71±0.37	14.23~16.82	16.40±0.54	15.04~17.65
		口针长/μm	12.91±0.15	12.51~13.40	12.80±0.28	12.08~13.55	12.55±0.40	11.46~13.84
		背食道腺开口到口针基部球距离/μm	2.22±0.35	1.07~3.18	2.53±0.31	2.00~3.70	2.69±0.18	2.27~3.37
		尾长/μm	79.48±5.26	90.26~93.06	76.74±7.93	54.25~89.23	67.20±5.60	50.92~76.51
		透明尾长/μm	16.22±4.45	9.84~29.38	11.80±0.76	10.28~13.90	10.60±0.85	8.33~11.93

处理药剂	剂量	药后30 d		药后70 d
处理药剂	剂量	病情指数	防治效果/%	病情指数	防治效果/%
淡紫拟青霉	45 kg/hm²	16.6±0.83Aa	8.8Hi	68.3±1.63ABb	6.7Ih
	60 kg/hm²	12.1±0.26BCbc	33.5FGgh	64.9±1.35BCbc	11.3HIh
	75 kg/hm²	10.9±0.75CDcd	40.1EFfg	60.8±2.45CDcd	17.0GHg
1.8%阿维菌素	1500 mL/hm²	13.5±1.01Bb	25.8Gh	58.5±1.60Dd	20.1Gg
	3000 mL/hm²	10.8±1.45CDcd	40.7EFfg	51.3±1.47Ee	29.9Ff
	4500 mL/hm²	9.5±0.46DEd	47.8DEef	42.3±2.03Gf	42.2De
98%棉隆	75 kg/hm²	3.8±0.46Gfg	79.1Bbc	19.7±0.90Ih	73.1Bbc
	150 kg/hm²	0Hh	100.0Aa	5.8±0.26Ji	92.1Aa
	225 kg/hm²	0Hh	100.0Aa	2.3±0.36Ji	96.9Aa
10%噻唑磷	15 kg/hm²	10.4±0.47CDcd	42.9EFfg	48.9±1.86EFe	33.2EFf
	30 kg/hm²	7.4±0.36EFe	59.3CDd	28.2±0.86Hg	61.5Cd
	45 kg/hm²	4.5±0.21Gfg	75.3Bbc	21.6±0.36Ih	70.5Bbc
41.7%氟吡菌酰胺	750 mL/hm²	7.8±0.25Ee	57.1Dde	43.9±1.01FGf	40.0DEe
	1500 mL/hm²	5.2±0.17FGf	71.4BCc	22.3±0.70HIh	69.5Bc
	2250 mL/hm²	3.2±0.10Gg	82.4Bb	17.8±0.78Ih	75.7Bb
清水对照	—	18.2±0.21Aa	—	73.2±3.36Aa	—