The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0768

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of microbial inoculants on watermelon continuous cropping obstacles, 4 treatments including ordinary organic fertilizer+ inactivated microbial inoculants (CK), ordinary organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T₁), biological organic fertilizer+ inactivated microbial inoculants (T₂), bio-organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T₃) were set, and the change of watermelon growth, yield and quality, and soil biological characteristics were tracked. The results showed that T₃ could effectively promote the growth and development of watermelon. Compared with CK, the main vine length, stem thickness and chlorophyll of T₃ increased by 18.04%, 17.21% and 20.09% from seedling stage to fruit expansion stage, respectively. T₃ had a significant inhibitory effect on watermelon vine blight and Fusarium wilt, with protection effect of 12.81% and 9.32%, respectively. T₃ increased the yield of each batch of watermelon fruits by 18.59% and 19.11%, respectively, and increased the soluble solids by 10.67% and 13.26%, and vitamin C by 6.42% and 5.32% comparing with CK. In addition, the microbial inoculum fertilizer was also conducive to improving the biological characteristics of the soil. Compared with the data before the test, activity of acid phosphate monoesterase, urease, catalaseby and sucrose of T₃ treatment were increased by 6.65%, 9.61%, 3.23%, and 3.43%, respectively. Furthermore, the biomass of soil bacteria and actinomycetes were increased, and the biomass of fungi was reduced, the flora characteristics changed from “fungal type” to “bacterial type”. In summary, using bio-organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and topdressing microbial inoculants could promote watermelon growth, increase watermelon yield and quality, inhibit soil-borne diseases, and improve soil biological characteristics, which has a positive effect on alleviating watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: microbial fertilizer, watermelon, soil-borne diseases, continuous cropping obstacles, soil enzyme activity

ZHU Shijun, WANG Lili, JIN Shuquan, WANG Feng, ZHOU Jinbo, LU Xiaohong. The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(28): 48-53.

Figures/Tables 5

References 26

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生长指标	处理	幼苗期	伸蔓期	坐果期	膨果期
主蔓长/cm	CK	14.36±1.62a	78.63±11.53b	158.92±15.62b	173.12±13.29b
	T₁	14.61±2.39a	87.86±7.30b	163.38±9.62b	189.53±10.64b
	T₂	15.07±2.68a	91.25±8.24a	171.50±9.96a	208.57±9.46a
	T₃	15.14±3.10a	115.04±6.87a	178.69±13.62a	212.73±10.73a
茎粗/mm	CK	3.51±0.39a	4.36±0.55a	5.49±0.62a	6.11±0.51b
	T₁	3.64±0.52a	4.52±0.43a	5.62±0.56a	6.61±0.39b
	T₂	3.85±0.49a	4.79±0.53a	5.71±0.66a	7.05±0.52a
	T₃	3.87±0.16a	4.85±0.17a	5.83±0.22a	7.23±0.35a
叶绿素SPAD	CK	49.87±1.62a	52.50±2.74a	54.64±1.98a	55.13±0.92a
	T₁	49.93±0.92a	53.04±3.74a	55.92±2.25a	56.25±1.25a
	T₂	50.63±2.09a	54.46±2.06a	56.05±1.56a	57.03±1.58a
	T₃	51.63±2.25a	54.82±3.99a	56.62±3.11a	58.17±2.10a

生长指标	处理	幼苗期	伸蔓期	坐果期	膨果期
主蔓长/cm	CK	14.36±1.62a	78.63±11.53b	158.92±15.62b	173.12±13.29b
	T₁	14.61±2.39a	87.86±7.30b	163.38±9.62b	189.53±10.64b
	T₂	15.07±2.68a	91.25±8.24a	171.50±9.96a	208.57±9.46a
	T₃	15.14±3.10a	115.04±6.87a	178.69±13.62a	212.73±10.73a
茎粗/mm	CK	3.51±0.39a	4.36±0.55a	5.49±0.62a	6.11±0.51b
	T₁	3.64±0.52a	4.52±0.43a	5.62±0.56a	6.61±0.39b
	T₂	3.85±0.49a	4.79±0.53a	5.71±0.66a	7.05±0.52a
	T₃	3.87±0.16a	4.85±0.17a	5.83±0.22a	7.23±0.35a
叶绿素SPAD	CK	49.87±1.62a	52.50±2.74a	54.64±1.98a	55.13±0.92a
	T₁	49.93±0.92a	53.04±3.74a	55.92±2.25a	56.25±1.25a
	T₂	50.63±2.09a	54.46±2.06a	56.05±1.56a	57.03±1.58a
	T₃	51.63±2.25a	54.82±3.99a	56.62±3.11a	58.17±2.10a

处理	蔓枯病		枯萎病
处理	病情指数	平均防效	病情指数	平均防效
CK	18.26±1.95a		5.15±1.27a
T₁	16.88±1.76a	7.56	4.98±0.69a	3.30
T₂	17.26±3.13a	5.48	5.09±0.96a	1.16
T₃	15.92±2.16a	12.81	4.67±1.58a	9.32

处理	蔓枯病		枯萎病
处理	病情指数	平均防效	病情指数	平均防效
CK	18.26±1.95a		5.15±1.27a
T₁	16.88±1.76a	7.56	4.98±0.69a	3.30
T₂	17.26±3.13a	5.48	5.09±0.96a	1.16
T₃	15.92±2.16a	12.81	4.67±1.58a	9.32

批次	处理	单果重/kg	小区坐果数	产量/(t/hm²)	果皮厚/mm	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	维生素C/(mg/100 g)
第1批	CK	4.94±0.25a	29.00±3.82b	35.82±6.16b	10.12±1.27a	10.3±0.2a	0.13±0.05a	27.39±4.57b
	T₁	5.27±0.31a	30.33±5.47a	39.96±4.21a	10.05±0.96a	11.2±0.5a	0.13±0.07a	28.67±0.15a
	T₂	5.20±0.64a	31.67±294a	41.17±5.35a	9.89±0.44a	10.8±0.7a	0.11±0.06a	29.01±0.63a
	T₃	5.31±0.64a	32.00±3.82a	42.48±7.32a	10.01±1.82a	11.4±0.8a	0.11±0.04a	29.15±0.22a
第2批	CK	4.83±0.32a	28.08±4.47b	33.91±4.13b	11.03±2.35a	9.8±0.1a	0.15±0.08a	27.08±0.28b
	T₁	5.06±0.52a	29.33±3.95a	37.10±6.79a	10.81±1.33a	10.9±0.3a	0.16±0.05a	27.29±0.35b
	T₂	5.10±0.55a	30.00±5.47a	38.25±5.28a	10.65±0.92a	10.4±0.5a	0.13±0.03a	28.47±0.55a
	T₃	5.20±0.26a	31.07±3.82a	40.39±7.10a	10.86±0.58a	11.1±0.2a	0.14±0.07a	28.52±0.63a