Effects of Alpinia zerumbet Stem and Leaf Residue Mulching on Weeds, Soil and Growth in Winter Lettuce Fields

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0269

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to select the most suitable amount of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from Alpinia zerumbet for weed control and lettuce growth. The stems and leaves of A. zerumbet rich in allelopathic substances were selected as materials. In this research, the growth of weeds, lettuce, and changes in soil physicochemical properties were evaluated by covering different amounts of mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet between rows in lettuce fields according to the theory of covering cultivation and the principle of allelopathic grass control. The results showed that with the increase of the stem and leaf residue mulching amount from A. zerumbet, the inhibition on weeds in lettuce fields was enhanced. Among them, compared with the control group, the species, quantity, and diversity of weeds in the lettuce field decreased, and the weed biomass (fresh weight and dry weight) decreased by 87.93% and 90.54%, respectively after mulching with 1200 g/m² of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet. Meanwhile, lettuce had the highest chlorophyll content and average fresh weight per plant, with the best quality. In addition, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus increased. When the coverage was greater than 1600 g/m², the soil physical and chemical properties showed different changing trends, and the growth of lettuce was inhibited, but the overall quality was improved. Overall, in the production of winter and spring lettuce in Yibin area of Sichuan Province, the use of 1200 g/m² of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in the field, improve the soil environment, and promote the growth and development of lettuce.

Key words: Alpinia zerumbet, mulching cultivation, allelopathy, weed control, lettuce

HU Lianqing, LIU Wenwen, CHEN Yuwei, FENG Ruizhang, ZHOU Wanhai, WEI Qin, CHEN Lu, ZHAO Xin, ZHAO Shanmei. Effects of Alpinia zerumbet Stem and Leaf Residue Mulching on Weeds, Soil and Growth in Winter Lettuce Fields[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 103-108.

Figures/Tables 4

References 35

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组别	杂草密度/(株/m²)	杂草生物量		杂草多样性指数
组别	杂草密度/(株/m²)	鲜重/(kg/m²)	干重/(kg/m²)	物种数(S)	Shannon-Weiner指数(H)	Pielou均匀度指数(J)	Simpson优势度(D)
CK	204	2.660	1.459	11	2.04	0.85	0.83
S₁	26	0.321	0.138	9	1.97	0.90	0.84
S₂	52	2.459	0.761	7	1.84	0.95	0.83
S₃	80	1.472	0.583	8	1.90	0.91	0.83
S₄	56	2.656	1.208	4	1.05	0.76	0.58

组别	杂草密度/(株/m²)	杂草生物量		杂草多样性指数
组别	杂草密度/(株/m²)	鲜重/(kg/m²)	干重/(kg/m²)	物种数(S)	Shannon-Weiner指数(H)	Pielou均匀度指数(J)	Simpson优势度(D)
CK	204	2.660	1.459	11	2.04	0.85	0.83
S₁	26	0.321	0.138	9	1.97	0.90	0.84
S₂	52	2.459	0.761	7	1.84	0.95	0.83
S₃	80	1.472	0.583	8	1.90	0.91	0.83
S₄	56	2.656	1.208	4	1.05	0.76	0.58

物种中文名	拉丁学名	CK	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄	物种中文名	拉丁学名	CK	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄
繁缕	Stellaria media	12	5	4	4	4	一年蓬	Erigeron annuus	0	3	0	0	0
芥	Brassica juncea	40	0	8	8	0	鬼针草	Bidens pilosa	8	1	0	0	4
鼠麴草	Gnaphalium affine	16	0	4	16	0	火炭母	Polygonum chinense	0	1	0	0	0
粗毛牛膝菊	Galinsoga quadriradiata	4	1	12	4	0	少花龙葵	Solanum nigrum	8	5	4	4	0
葎草	Humulus scandens	24	6	12	20	32	空心莲子草	Alternanthera philoxeroides	64	1	0	16	16
婆婆纳	Veronica didyma	0	0	8	0	0	看麦娘	Alopecurus aequalis	8	0	0	0	0
藜	Chenopodium album	0	3	0	0	0	酸模叶蓼	Polygonum lapathifolium	4	0	0	0	0
打碗花	Calystegia hederacea	16	0	0	8	0	总计		204	26	52	80	56

物种中文名	拉丁学名	CK	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄	物种中文名	拉丁学名	CK	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄
繁缕	Stellaria media	12	5	4	4	4	一年蓬	Erigeron annuus	0	3	0	0	0
芥	Brassica juncea	40	0	8	8	0	鬼针草	Bidens pilosa	8	1	0	0	4
鼠麴草	Gnaphalium affine	16	0	4	16	0	火炭母	Polygonum chinense	0	1	0	0	0
粗毛牛膝菊	Galinsoga quadriradiata	4	1	12	4	0	少花龙葵	Solanum nigrum	8	5	4	4	0
葎草	Humulus scandens	24	6	12	20	32	空心莲子草	Alternanthera philoxeroides	64	1	0	16	16
婆婆纳	Veronica didyma	0	0	8	0	0	看麦娘	Alopecurus aequalis	8	0	0	0	0
藜	Chenopodium album	0	3	0	0	0	酸模叶蓼	Polygonum lapathifolium	4	0	0	0	0
打碗花	Calystegia hederacea	16	0	0	8	0	总计		204	26	52	80	56

组别	平均单株总鲜重/g	平均单株茎高/cm	平均单株茎粗/cm	平均单株根冠比	叶绿素含量/SPAD	肉质紧实度/(N/mm²)	固形物/%
CK	65.627b	27.857c	1.504b	0.033a	28.7133bc	7.88d	1.40b
S₁	142.010a	31.070b	2.187a	0.032a	35.5333a	14.63a	2.13a
S₂	111.990ab	35.100a	2.137a	0.031a	29.8000b	10.35c	1.53ab
S₃	117.813a	33.733a	2.243a	0.025a	27.6333c	12.07b	1.23b
S₄	139.853a	28.500c	2.043a	0.031a	27.8333c	10.81bc	1.50b