Evaluation of Visiting Behavior and Pollination Effect of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica on Licorice

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0636

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to screen suitable pollinators for Glycyrrhiza uralensis and improve the seed yield of G. uralensis, the flower-visiting behavior and pollination effects of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica were compared. In the licorice field, during the flowering period of licorice, the inflorescences that were about to bloom under different pollination treatments were tagged and then the mature seeds of different treatments were harvested, and the number of pods per mature inflorescence, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of 1000 grains, and other licorice yield-related traits were counted by conventional seed examination after pollination. The results showed that there were significant differences between A. mellifera ligustica and B. terrestris in flower visits to licorice. B. terrestris opened the keel flap more easily, and the single visit time [(2.98±0.05) s] was faster than that of A. mellifera ligustica [(8.19±0.21) s], and the frequency of visits to flowers [(12.98±0.29) flowers/min] was significantly higher than that of A. mellifera ligustica [(9.21±0.15) flowers/min]. Its peak emerging period (10:00) and peak homing period (14:00) were the same as those of A. mellifera ligustica. The number of colonies of A. mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of B. terrestris, but the seed setting rate of B. terrestris (52.92%) was higher than that of A. mellifera ligustica (43.33%), both of which were significantly higher than that of self-pollination (13.75%) and wind-borne pollination (22.19%). The pod numbers of single inflorescence pollinated by B. terrestris and A. mellifera ligustica were 20.67 and 19.41, respectively, which were 34.6 and 32.5 times higher than self-pollination, and 25.2 and 22.6 times higher than wind-borne pollination, respectively. The seed number of single inflorescence pollinated by B. terrestris and A. mellifera ligustica were 91.46 and 74.75, respectively, which were 33.0 times and 26.8 times higher than self-pollination, 28.5 times and 23.1 times higher than wind-borne pollination. The effective release distance of B. terrestris was about 210 m, which was significantly greater than that of A. mellifera ligustica (90 m). In conclusion, B. terrestris and A. mellifera ligustica are excellent pollinators for licorice, and B. terrestris shows better pollination effect on licorice, which can effectively solve the problem for insufficient vector insects in large-scale licorice seed production.

Key words: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Bombus terrestris, Apis mellifera ligustica, flower-visiting behavior, pollination effect

SU Jia, BAO Fang, WANG Guiping, SONG Zhongxing, TANG Zhishu, WEI Yujie, SONG Yingying, YANG Jiale, ZANG Guangpeng, TAN Yao, YU Yi. Evaluation of Visiting Behavior and Pollination Effect of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica on Licorice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(25): 118-126.

Figures/Tables 9

References 38

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授粉方式	结荚数/(荚/序)	籽粒数/(粒/序)	籽粒数/(粒/荚)	千粒重/g
自花授粉	0.58±0.14dB	2.69±0.70cB	0.64±0.14dB	—
风传授粉	0.79±0.13cB	3.10±0.57cB	1.15±0.17cB	—
意大利蜜蜂授粉	19.41±0.65bA	74.75±3.98bA	3.92±0.19bA	7.46±0.41aA
地熊蜂授粉	20.67±0.79aA	91.46±4.21aA	4.47±0.15aA	8.80±0.02aA

授粉方式	结荚数/(荚/序)	籽粒数/(粒/序)	籽粒数/(粒/荚)	千粒重/g
自花授粉	0.58±0.14dB	2.69±0.70cB	0.64±0.14dB	—
风传授粉	0.79±0.13cB	3.10±0.57cB	1.15±0.17cB	—
意大利蜜蜂授粉	19.41±0.65bA	74.75±3.98bA	3.92±0.19bA	7.46±0.41aA
地熊蜂授粉	20.67±0.79aA	91.46±4.21aA	4.47±0.15aA	8.80±0.02aA

处理	项目	样本数	距离30 m	距离60 m	距离90 m	距离120 m	距离150 m	距离180 m	距离210 m	距离300 m
地熊蜂授粉	产量/(g/m²)	240	49.62a	43.55ab	39.47bc	36.55cd	33.06cd	30.36d	26.88e	19.19f
地熊蜂授粉	距离效应	240	1	0.878	0.79584	0.737	0.666	0.612	0.542	0.387
意大利蜜蜂授粉	产量/(g/m²)	240	39.55ab	28.32c	23.93d	21.88d	22.33d	18.5e	16.95e	14.32f
意大利蜜蜂授粉	距离效应	240	0.797	0.571	0.482	0.441	0.450	0.373	0.342	0.289

处理	项目	样本数	距离30 m	距离60 m	距离90 m	距离120 m	距离150 m	距离180 m	距离210 m	距离300 m
地熊蜂授粉	产量/(g/m²)	240	49.62a	43.55ab	39.47bc	36.55cd	33.06cd	30.36d	26.88e	19.19f
地熊蜂授粉	距离效应	240	1	0.878	0.79584	0.737	0.666	0.612	0.542	0.387
意大利蜜蜂授粉	产量/(g/m²)	240	39.55ab	28.32c	23.93d	21.88d	22.33d	18.5e	16.95e	14.32f
意大利蜜蜂授粉	距离效应	240	0.797	0.571	0.482	0.441	0.450	0.373	0.342	0.289

处理	项目	样本数	距离30 m	距离60 m	距离90 m	距离120 m	距离150 m	距离180 m	距离210 m	距离300 m
地熊蜂授粉	千粒重/g	240	9.12±0.07a	8.93±0.1ab	8.85±0.09ab	8.75±0.07ab	8.60±0.08ab	8.30±0.11bc	7.54±0.23c	7.10±0.17d
地熊蜂授粉	距离效应	240	0.994	0.973	0.964	0.953	0.937	0.904	0.821	0.773
意大利蜜蜂授粉	千粒重/g	240	9.18±0.55a	9.12±0.15a	8.85±0.20ab	8.58±0.37ab	7.92±0.23c	7.79±0.39c	7.09±0.48d	6.72±0.56d
意大利蜜蜂授粉	距离效应	240	1	0.994	0.964	0.935	0.841	0.759	0.772	0.732