Impacts of Cultivation Methods on Growth of Canna glauca

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0069

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the possibility of maximizing various functions of Canna glauca by different cultivation methods. This study took C. glauca as the research object and simulated a growth environment similar to in situ as the control, established seven different cultivation methods including control, soil+ nutrient solution, soil+ water, substrate+ nutrient solution, substrate+ water, nutrient solution, and water. Seedlings were prepared by seed germination method, and were cultivated and managed artificially for 6 months. Plant vegetative growth (plant height, root length, tiller number, and leaf number of the highest tiller), reproductive growth (inflorescence number, ornamental period of inflorescence, numbers of mature capsule and seed), and the accumulation and allocation patterns of primary production among different plant organs (total plant production, aboveground production, underground production, production of reproductive organs) were investigated. The investigated data showed that all the data mentioned above reached their maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of nutrient solution, respectively reached their secondary maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of substrate + nutrient solution, and all respectively decreased to their minimum or lowest value with the cultivation method of water, in which the growth of C. glauca was the weakest and even the phenomenon of necrosis of growth points at the stem tip occurred in the later experimental stage. The results of data analyses showed that all the investigated data mentioned above increased and reached the significant level with the cultivation method of nutrient solution and decreased and reached the statistically significant level with the cultivation method of water than those in control. This study demonstrates that the cultivation method of nutrient solution not only satisfies the hydroponic nature of C. glauca, but also provides all the sufficient and balanced nutrient elements, which is most suitable for the growth of C. glauca. It is the preferred cultivation method for C. glauca as fresh cut flowers and potted flowers in the future.

Key words: Canna glauca, Hoagland standard nutrient solution, mixed substrates, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, biomass allocation, emergent plant, water purification

GAO Di, LIU Xianbin, ZHOU Jueding, PENG Xinxin, LIU Qiaogang. Impacts of Cultivation Methods on Growth of Canna glauca[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(28): 57-66.

Figures/Tables 6

References 38

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序号	栽培方式	实验处理
1	对照	以学校本部校园山顶悠悠湖浅水区美人蕉植株集中分布且长势良好区域湖底0~20 cm淤泥为栽培介质，日常管理浇灌雨水。栽培盆内淤泥深度20 cm。栽培过程中保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量接近其在悠悠湖浅水区自然生长的状态
2	土壤+营养液	以学校本部校园山顶玉溪市城中心植物园原始森林分布中心区域50 cm以下深处原生土为栽培介质，pH 5.3~5.8，土壤有机质含量18.22~24.25 g/kg，土壤微生物量碳含量0.11~0.13 g/kg，土壤微生物量氮含量0.02~0.3 g/kg，土壤全氮含量0.08%~0.09%，土壤全磷含量0.01%~0.02%。栽培盆内土壤深度20 cm，与对照保持一致。利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液浇灌植株，前2个月每4周浇灌1次营养液，中间2个月每2周浇灌1次营养液，后期每周浇灌1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内液面减少情况及时浇灌雨水。保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
3	土壤+水	以学校本部校园山顶玉溪市城中心植物园原始森林分布中心区域50 cm以下深处原生土为栽培介质，pH 5.3~5.8，土壤有机质含量18.22~24.25 g/kg，土壤微生物量碳含量0.11~0.13 g/kg，土壤微生物量氮含量0.02~0.3 g/kg，土壤全氮含量0.08%~0.09%，土壤全磷含量0.01%~0.02%。栽培盆内土壤深度20 cm，与对照保持一致。日常管理浇灌雨水，保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
4	基质+营养液	采用混合基质，蛭石、草炭和有机土等体积混合。栽培盆内基质深度20 cm，与对照淤泥深度保持一致。利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液浇灌植株，前2个月每4周浇灌1次营养液，中间2个月每2周浇灌1次营养液，后期每周浇灌1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内液面减少情况及时浇灌雨水。保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
5	基质+水	采用混合基质，蛭石、草炭和有机土等体积混合。栽培盆内基质深度20 cm，与对照淤泥深度保持一致。日常管理浇灌雨水，保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
6	营养液	采用定植板和定植杯配合营养液栽培的方式，利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液，栽培盆内营养液深度30 cm，与对照液面高度保持一致。定植板下方和营养液液面中间间隔5 cm，保证空气中尽量多氧气通过营养液液面进入营养液中供植物根系呼吸利用。前2个月每4周更换1次营养液，中间2个月每2周更换1次营养液，后期每周更换1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内营养液液面降低情况及时补充雨水
7	水	采用定植板和定植杯配合雨水栽培的方式，栽培盆内雨水深度30 cm，与对照液面高度保持一致。定植板下方和雨水液面中间间隔5 cm，保证空气中尽量多氧气通过雨水液面进入雨水中供植物根系呼吸利用。前2个月每4周更换1次雨水，中间2个月每2周更换1次雨水，后期每周更换1次雨水，其余时间视栽培盆内雨水液面的降低情况及时补充雨水

序号	栽培方式	实验处理
1	对照	以学校本部校园山顶悠悠湖浅水区美人蕉植株集中分布且长势良好区域湖底0~20 cm淤泥为栽培介质，日常管理浇灌雨水。栽培盆内淤泥深度20 cm。栽培过程中保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量接近其在悠悠湖浅水区自然生长的状态
2	土壤+营养液	以学校本部校园山顶玉溪市城中心植物园原始森林分布中心区域50 cm以下深处原生土为栽培介质，pH 5.3~5.8，土壤有机质含量18.22~24.25 g/kg，土壤微生物量碳含量0.11~0.13 g/kg，土壤微生物量氮含量0.02~0.3 g/kg，土壤全氮含量0.08%~0.09%，土壤全磷含量0.01%~0.02%。栽培盆内土壤深度20 cm，与对照保持一致。利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液浇灌植株，前2个月每4周浇灌1次营养液，中间2个月每2周浇灌1次营养液，后期每周浇灌1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内液面减少情况及时浇灌雨水。保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
3	土壤+水	以学校本部校园山顶玉溪市城中心植物园原始森林分布中心区域50 cm以下深处原生土为栽培介质，pH 5.3~5.8，土壤有机质含量18.22~24.25 g/kg，土壤微生物量碳含量0.11~0.13 g/kg，土壤微生物量氮含量0.02~0.3 g/kg，土壤全氮含量0.08%~0.09%，土壤全磷含量0.01%~0.02%。栽培盆内土壤深度20 cm，与对照保持一致。日常管理浇灌雨水，保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
4	基质+营养液	采用混合基质，蛭石、草炭和有机土等体积混合。栽培盆内基质深度20 cm，与对照淤泥深度保持一致。利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液浇灌植株，前2个月每4周浇灌1次营养液，中间2个月每2周浇灌1次营养液，后期每周浇灌1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内液面减少情况及时浇灌雨水。保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
5	基质+水	采用混合基质，蛭石、草炭和有机土等体积混合。栽培盆内基质深度20 cm，与对照淤泥深度保持一致。日常管理浇灌雨水，保证植株根部一直处于浸水状态，浸水深度10 cm，尽量与对照植株栽培条件保持一致
6	营养液	采用定植板和定植杯配合营养液栽培的方式，利用改良版标准Hoagland营养液，栽培盆内营养液深度30 cm，与对照液面高度保持一致。定植板下方和营养液液面中间间隔5 cm，保证空气中尽量多氧气通过营养液液面进入营养液中供植物根系呼吸利用。前2个月每4周更换1次营养液，中间2个月每2周更换1次营养液，后期每周更换1次营养液，其余时间视栽培盆内营养液液面降低情况及时补充雨水
7	水	采用定植板和定植杯配合雨水栽培的方式，栽培盆内雨水深度30 cm，与对照液面高度保持一致。定植板下方和雨水液面中间间隔5 cm，保证空气中尽量多氧气通过雨水液面进入雨水中供植物根系呼吸利用。前2个月每4周更换1次雨水，中间2个月每2周更换1次雨水，后期每周更换1次雨水，其余时间视栽培盆内雨水液面的降低情况及时补充雨水

项目	对照	土壤+营养液	土壤+水	基质+营养液	基质+水	营养液	水
茎叶生物量/总生物量	51.94±2.16b	50.03±4.27b	35.01±2.56d	49.51±1.64b	35.68±4.17d	42.09±1.65c	56.35±2.01a
繁殖器官生物量/总生物量	13.09±0.24c	15.73±0.75b	12.25±1.52d	12.85±0.74d	9.59±0.71e	17.65±0.13a	11.24±1.13d
地上部生物量/总生物量	65.04±1.91a	65.77±2.03a	47.26±3.08c	62.36±2.38ab	45.27±3.46c	59.74±1.68b	67.60±1.13a
地下部根系生物量/总生物量	34.96±1.71c	33.81±1.96c	52.54±1.39a	37.66±1.79b	56.04±4.02a	40.32±1.06b	33.59±1.93c
营养器官生物量/总生物量	86.91±0.24ab	84.27±0.75b	87.75±1.52a	87.15±0.74a	90.41±0.71a	82.35±0.13c	88.76±1.13a

项目	对照	土壤+营养液	土壤+水	基质+营养液	基质+水	营养液	水
茎叶生物量/总生物量	51.94±2.16b	50.03±4.27b	35.01±2.56d	49.51±1.64b	35.68±4.17d	42.09±1.65c	56.35±2.01a
繁殖器官生物量/总生物量	13.09±0.24c	15.73±0.75b	12.25±1.52d	12.85±0.74d	9.59±0.71e	17.65±0.13a	11.24±1.13d
地上部生物量/总生物量	65.04±1.91a	65.77±2.03a	47.26±3.08c	62.36±2.38ab	45.27±3.46c	59.74±1.68b	67.60±1.13a
地下部根系生物量/总生物量	34.96±1.71c	33.81±1.96c	52.54±1.39a	37.66±1.79b	56.04±4.02a	40.32±1.06b	33.59±1.93c
营养器官生物量/总生物量	86.91±0.24ab	84.27±0.75b	87.75±1.52a	87.15±0.74a	90.41±0.71a	82.35±0.13c	88.76±1.13a

项目		土壤+营养液	土壤+水	基质+营养液	基质+水	营养液	水
营养器官	株高	0.085	0.002	0.006	0.091	0.001	<0.000
	根长	0.103	0.006	0.050	0.011	0.004	<0.000
	分蘖数	0.357	0.391	0.023	0.656	0.002	0.019
	最高分蘖叶片数	0.573	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.045	0.003
繁殖器官	花序数	0.656	0.044	0.391	0.046	0.015	0.019
	花序观赏期	0.989	0.046	0.423	0.300	0.044	0.032
	成熟蒴果数	0.617	0.002	0.024	0.009	0.004	<0.000
	成熟种子数	0.222	0.001	0.041	0.043	0.002	<0.000
生物量	总生物量	0.049	<0.000	0.038	0.001	0.001	<0.000
	地上部生物量	0.147	<0.000	0.047	<0.000	0.001	<0.000
	地下部生物量	0.043	0.001	0.022	0.002	0.001	<0.000
	繁殖器官生物量	0.715	0.001	0.047	0.001	<0.000	<0.000