Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.28 Published:05 October 2024

  Effects of Addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Cadmium Absorption and Antioxidant Defense System of Rice Under Different Water Management XU Yanggui, TU Yuting, PENG Zhiping, PENG Yiping, LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, HUANG Jichuan 2024, 40 (28):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0217 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 48 ) Water management and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the key factors affecting cadmium uptake, distribution and antioxidant defense system in rice roots. It is important to explore the relationship and mechanism of the three factors to guide the safe production of rice fields. In this study, with rice ‘Hemeizan No.2’ and AMF Rhizophagus irregularis as experimental materials, under different water management conditions, the effects of AMF on cadmium uptake, distribution and effects of root antioxidant defense system in rice were studied under different cadmium pollution concentrations (0.2, 1.0, 5.0 mg/kg). The results showed that under the condition of non-mycorrhizal treatment, the cadmium content of rice under different water management conditions increased with the increase of soil cadmium content. Especially compared with long-term flooding, dry and wet alternations significantly increased the effective cadmium concentration in soil, promoted cadmium uptake in rice roots and increased cadmium content in straw. However, under different water management conditions, the addition of AMF increased the pH of different cadmium-contaminated soils, reduced the availability of soil cadmium, inhibited the transfer of cadmium from rice roots to the above-ground part, and thus reduced the cadmium content of straw and the enrichment effect of rice on cadmium. Especially under the condition of moderate cadmium pollution, the addition of AMF increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rice roots, and reduced the absorption of cadmium in rice roots (alternating dry and wet) and the distribution of cadmium in rice root subcells. Therefore, the addition of AMF can effectively reduce the accumulation of cadmium in the above-ground part of rice under the water management conditions such as long-term flooding and alternating of wetting and drying.

  Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Development and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco SHI Nuo, ZHU Hongqiang, WANG Shengfeng, GUAN Hui, ZHOU Yanbin, DU Yu, DAI Huijuan 2024, 40 (28):  10-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0858 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 24 ) In order to clarify the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth, development, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Jiulong Town of Luquan County, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as the material, and six treatments were set up, including water (D0), polypeptide (D1), benzylamine gibberellic acid (D2), lvshida (D3), brassinolide (D4) and aminoethyl hexanoate (D5). The growth period, agronomic traits, diseases, photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, economic traits and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated and analyzed at 0, 30, 60 d after transplanting. The results showed that D1 treatment had the shortest growth period and the best agronomic traits. The incidence of D4 treatment was the lowest, which was 55.84% lower than that of D0 treatment, and the incidence of tobacco black shank was 57.05% lower than that of D0 treatment. Compared with D0 treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of D4 treatment increased by 0.68 μmol/(m2·s), stomatal conductance increased by 0.05 mol/(m2·s), intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 1.15 μmol/m2, and transpiration rate increased by 0.02 mmol/(m2·s). The appearance quality and score of D1 treatment were the best. Compared with other treatments, the yield, average price and output value were significantly increased, and the chemical composition coordination and score were higher. In summary, the rational application of polypeptide can effectively promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, enhance the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco, and promote the quality of flue-cured tobacco.

  Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Variant Types of Amorphophallus konjac YAN Huifang, WANG Xujun, PENG Cuiying, ZHU Linyuan, ZHANG Xiaojun, YANG Penghua, CAO Shoujin 2024, 40 (28):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0886 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1593KB )   ( 82 ) To compare the photosynthetic characteristics of different variation types of konjac and provide reference for its genetic improvement, different color petioles variation types of Amorphophallus konjac(black, white, red and cyan, referred to as black, white, red and green konjac) were used as materials, A. albus and ‘E konjac No.1’ as control, to compare their photosynthetic differences using Li-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus. The results showed that there were some differences in photosynthetic capacity of different konjac materials. Pn-PAR and Pn-CO2 response curves of konjac were consistent on the whole, but the degree was different. The light saturation point and light compensation point of the 6 konjac materials were obtained from the response curves ranging from 955 to 1191 μmol/(m2·s), and the light compensation point ranged from 1.51 to 47.05 μmol/(m2·s). The apparent quantum efficiency ranged from 0.0235 to 0.0415. The CO2 saturation point was 1528-1948 μmol/mol, the CO2 compensation point (CCP) was 35.20-96.67 μmol/mol, and the carboxylation efficiency was 0.0203-0.0340. The photosynthetic performances of ‘E konjac No.1’, black konjac and green konjac were better.

  Effect of Low-temperature and Low-light Induced Water-soluble Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Autumn and Winter Cropped Sand-cultivated Tomatoes TIAN Subo, CHEN Wei’an, GUO Yanchun, LIN Guiyu, ZHU Haiyan, MENG Delai, WEI Hong, LI Jinyu, XIN Xiaofei, QI Ye, WANG Kaiyan, LI Yingjie, TANG Yangang 2024, 40 (28):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0729 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 36 ) In order to investigate the effect of applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer containing low temperature and low light induced resistance on the growth and yield of autumn and winter stubble sand-cultivated tomato, the experiment was set up with five treatments, including CK0 without fertilizer, CK conventional fertilizer, T1 low concentration, T2 medium concentration, and T3 high concentration. Fertilization was applied at three stages of tomato growth, and tomato indexes were determined. The results showed that as the concentration of water-soluble fertilizer increased, the growth trend of tomato was vigorous, and the vitamin C, soluble sugar, titratable acid, and sugar-acid ratio of T2 treatment were 7.74%, 2.77%, 14.71%, and 20.50% higher, respectively, compared with T1.The concentration of inter-cellular CO2 of tomato leaves in T2 and T3 treatments was substantially reduced compared with that of CK, and the maximal light and capacity of T2 treatment was increased by 50%, and T2 treatment had the highest yield, indicating that dilution of 1600 times could promote the improvement of facility tomato yield. In conclusion, the use of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in tomato planting facilities in autumn and winter seasons can be diluted 1600 times, which can not only improve the nutrient content of the crop, but also ensure the normal operation of tomato photosynthesis and increase the yield.

  Nutritional Evaluation and Benefit Analysis of Pleurotus eryngii Cultivated on Casing Soil XIAO Zitian, HE Huanqing, PENG Yangyang, LIU Ming, QIU Yuanhui, XU Jiang, WANG Jianhao 2024, 40 (28):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0287 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 46 ) The nutritional composition (protein, amino acids, fat, etc.) of soil-covering cultivation and factory-cultivated Pleurotus eryngii, as well as the nutrient content of the soil before and after cultivation, were compared. The feasibility of soil- covering cultivation- P. eryngii residue return-food/ fruit/ vegetable rotation planting model in winter fallow fields was explored by calculating the input-output efficiency of soil-covering cultivation. The results showed that the content of protein, fat, amino acids, etc. in the fresh fruiting bodies of soil-covering cultivation P. eryngiis was higher than that of factory-cultivated. The protein content of P. eryngii at different maturity stages was different, with the highest content in the early stage of maturity, reaching 4.19 g/100 g, which was 1.3 times that of the mature stage, 1.6 times that of the spore release stage, and 1.9 times that of the factory-cultivated. The content of essential amino acids and flavoring amino acids in soil-covering cultivation P. eryngii was also higher than that in factory-cultivated, and the E/T value was close to the high-quality protein amino acid composition value proposed by FAO/WHO. After returning mushroom residue to the soil, the soil organic matter content was increased by 116%. The biological conversion rate of soil-covering cultivation was 136%, and the input-output ratio was 1:1.8. Soil-covering cultivation P. eryngii cultivated in winter fallow fields are rich in nutrients, have a delicious taste, and have good economic benefits. Returning mushroom residue to the soil can increase the soil organic matter content and is suitable for promotion and application in winter and spring in the main rice-producing areas in the south.

  Introduction and Evaluation of Four Varieties of Lucuma nervosa in Menglian JIANG Yan, YAN Wei, NI Zhangguang, CHEN Yufu, ZHANG Yong, WANG Tieyun, ZHANG Cuixian, LUO Xinping, YANG Linyuan, WANG Meicun 2024, 40 (28):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0815 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 166 ) The paper aims to select the best Lucuma nervosa cultivar and optimize the industrial planting structure in Menglian County of Yunnan Province. In this study, four L. nervosa cultivars of ‘Yunre-205’, ‘Yaotang Xiantao’, ‘Papaya Xiantao’ and ‘Bendi Yuanguo’ were selected and planted in Menglian County. The data of phenological period and botanical characters were obtained by field observation, the data of fruit physicochemical components and sensory quality were measured using ripe fruit. All of data were analyzed using principal component analysis method. The results showed that ‘Yunre-205’ and ‘Yaotang Xiantao’ were better cultivars compared with ‘Papaya Xiantao’ and ‘Bendi Yuanguo’ in Menglian. This study can provide theoretical basis for cultivation and variety structure optimization of L. nervosa in Menglian County.

  Advances in Leaf Color Change Mechanism and Breeding of Osmanthus fragrans TU Xunliang, JIANG Yu, QIN Fan, WANG Jin, WAN Bin 2024, 40 (28):  42-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0836 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1961KB )   ( 891 ) The author briefly outlined the fundamental concepts of the Osmanthus fragrans colour group and categorized the existing new varieties based on leaf coloration-emerging into two types of monochromatic and polychromatic (chimera). This article elaborated on the three types of pigments presented in the leaves-chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, their contents and ratios, as well as the influencing factors and leaf color change mechanisms. Furthermore, it summarized the characteristics and current applications of cross-breeding, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering in O. fragrans. It also suggested strengthening the functional analysis of genes involved in the O. fragrans colour group and innovation in breeding technology, to obtain breakthrough new varieties with superior traits, strong adaptability, and excellent ornamental qualities, aiming to propel the continuous development of the O. fragrans colour group breeding program.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jiju’ GAO Qiumei, REN Lihua, HAN Jiakun, MI Zhenru, LIU Hongchong, DONG Qiuying 2024, 40 (28):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0907 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 19 ) Four different water control gradients including normal level, light drought, moderate drought and severe drought were set up in this experiment, the changes of growth indexes and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jiju’ under different drought stress conditions were studied so as to provide reference for its standardized cultivation. With the aggravation of drought stress and the persistence of time, the biomass and the relative water content of the plant decreased, while the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration all showed a decreasing trend in general, but the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration had a process of first increasing and then decreasing under severe drought. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase all showed an upward trend and then a downward trend. C. morifolium ‘Jiju’ can sustain drought tolerance for 21 days under severe drought stress, which shows that it has strong drought resistance, and it also shows that C. morifolium ‘Jiju’ can maintain physiological metabolism to adapt to drought environment by protecting enzyme to realize self-regulation.

  Impacts of Cultivation Methods on Growth of Canna glauca GAO Di, LIU Xianbin, ZHOU Jueding, PENG Xinxin, LIU Qiaogang 2024, 40 (28):  57-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0069 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 88 ) The paper aims to explore the possibility of maximizing various functions of Canna glauca by different cultivation methods. This study took C. glauca as the research object and simulated a growth environment similar to in situ as the control, established seven different cultivation methods including control, soil+ nutrient solution, soil+ water, substrate+ nutrient solution, substrate+ water, nutrient solution, and water. Seedlings were prepared by seed germination method, and were cultivated and managed artificially for 6 months. Plant vegetative growth (plant height, root length, tiller number, and leaf number of the highest tiller), reproductive growth (inflorescence number, ornamental period of inflorescence, numbers of mature capsule and seed), and the accumulation and allocation patterns of primary production among different plant organs (total plant production, aboveground production, underground production, production of reproductive organs) were investigated. The investigated data showed that all the data mentioned above reached their maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of nutrient solution, respectively reached their secondary maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of substrate + nutrient solution, and all respectively decreased to their minimum or lowest value with the cultivation method of water, in which the growth of C. glauca was the weakest and even the phenomenon of necrosis of growth points at the stem tip occurred in the later experimental stage. The results of data analyses showed that all the investigated data mentioned above increased and reached the significant level with the cultivation method of nutrient solution and decreased and reached the statistically significant level with the cultivation method of water than those in control. This study demonstrates that the cultivation method of nutrient solution not only satisfies the hydroponic nature of C. glauca, but also provides all the sufficient and balanced nutrient elements, which is most suitable for the growth of C. glauca. It is the preferred cultivation method for C. glauca as fresh cut flowers and potted flowers in the future.

  Distribution Patterns of Metabolites in Medicinal Parts of Wild and Cultivated Scabiosa tschiliensis ZHANG Haihui, LI Xuxin, JIA Junying, SU Hui, LI Zhigang 2024, 40 (28):  67-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0826 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 3142KB )   ( 239 ) To address the issue of differences in the quality formation of cultivated Scabiosa tschiliensis, wild and cultivated S. tschiliensis were used as experimental materials. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze the content of metabolites in the medicinal parts of wild and cultivated S. tschiliensis. The results showed that the content of the main bioactive compounds in wild S. tschiliensis was significantly higher than that in cultivated S. tschiliensis. The metabolites in the inflorescence of wild S. tschiliensis were different from those in cultivated S. tschiliensis. The content of some important amino acids related to abiotic stress (drought and salinity) was significantly higher in wild S. tschiliensis. The content of upstream compounds in phenylalanine and flavonoid synthesis in cultivated S. tschiliensis is higher, indicating that the initial stage of synthesis of secondary metabolites may be different.

  Investigation and Analysis of Wild Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in Xiangwo Mountain of Yunfu WANG Qiushuang, LI Bo, LIANG Jianqiu, QIN Dandan, WANG Qing, WU Hualing 2024, 40 (28):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0248 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 24 ) This study investigated 30 wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain of Yunfu from the primary agronomic characteristics, quality components, and suitability status. The aim of this study was to explore and utilize the wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain, and lay the groundwork for breeding and improvement of local new tea tree cultivars. Results indicated that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the 17 key biochemical indicators of Xiangwo tea resources ranged from 9.01% to 36.94%, suggesting a high diversity of tea tree resources. The theobromine exhibited the highest CV, while water extract showed the lowest. Among the five physical and chemical indicators, soluble sugar demonstrated the highest CV at 20.28%, whereas water extract had the lowest CV (9.01%). The phenol-to-amino acid ratio varied from 5.25 to 6.92, with a CV of 13.69. Sensory evaluation showed that black teas produced from Yunnan Daye and Shuixian group in spring had dark, tight shapes with abundant trichomes, fresh and relatively high aroma, thick and lingering sweet tastes, with an average score of 92.11. On the other hand, part of green teas produced in summer using the same tea materials had tight, yellow-green appearance with more trichome, bright yellow-green color of the tea soup, high chestnut aroma, and thick, robust taste with a sweet and fresh note, scoring an average of 88.78. The quality of black teas produced from CXY14, CXY15, and CXY17 in Yunnan large leaf group surpasses that of other individual tea plants. Similarly, the green teas made from CXX4 in Xinxing small leaves and CXY12 in Yunnan large leaves were better than other tea plant resources. Particularly, CXY4 represents a versatile tea tree resource suitable for producing both black and green teas. These tea resources have the potential to evolve into superior tea varieties in the Xinxing region.

  Effects of Long-term Subsoiling Combined with Straw Returning on Carbon Sequestration Capacity and Inorganic Stability Mechanism of Soil Aggregates WANG Ning, ZHANG Renzheng, LIU Zhen, LV Jinling, SHEN Ying, YANG Qian, LI Geng, NING Tangyuan 2024, 40 (28):  83-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0747 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1474KB )   ( 35 ) The effects of long-term tillage and straw returning on soil aggregate carbon sequestration capacity was analyzed, the inorganic stability mechanism of Fe and Al oxides in aggregates was explored, and theoretical basis for selecting appropriate farmland management measures was provided. Four treatments were set up in the experiment including subsoiling with straw returning (STs), subsoiling without straw returning (ST0), no-tillage with straw returning (NTs) and no-tillage without straw returning (NT0). The water-stable aggregates were measured by wet sieve method. Soil organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon were measured by TOC analyzer. Various forms of iron aluminum oxides were measured by colorimetric method. The effect of four treatments on each index was analyzed and compared. The results showed that compared with subsoiling, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter in no-tillage were increased by 18.6% and 6.8%, respectively. Compared with no-tillage, the soil organic carbon of >2, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and 0.106-0.25 mm in subsoiling was increased by 27.9%, 28.8%, 16.9%, 11.0% and 5.5%, respectively. The total carbon storage of subsoiling was increased by 11% than that of no-tillage. The total carbon storage of straw returning increased by 11% than that of no straw returning. The content of free iron oxide in the surface soil was increased by 50% than that of other treatments. Compared with no-tillage, the amorphous iron and complex aluminum in subsoiling were increased by 43% and 65%, respectively. Therefore, long-term subsoiling combined with straw returning could effectively improve soil carbon sequestration capacity and inorganic stability of aggregates.

  Study on Fungal Community Diversity in Rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng in Different Regions of Wenshan YANG Yuling, WANG Can, QU Yonghan, RU Ruihong, SUN Hongwei, LI Xueping, YANG Qingsong, TAO Yonghong 2024, 40 (28):  94-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0825 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2182KB )   ( 14 ) To investigate the variations in fungal community diversity in the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng across different soil types in Wenshan region and elucidate the characteristics of fungal communities associated with P. notoginseng, four representative soils from P. notoginseng planting areas, including Pingba Township of Wenshan City (WA), Weimo Township of Yanshan County (WB), Lianhuatang Township of Xichou County (WC), and Jiahanqing Township of Maguan County (WD), were selected as research subjects. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the differences and features of fungal community structure among different soil types. The results revealed that at the phylum level, Ascomycota (65.76%-88.60%), Mortierellomycota (2.75%-26.20%), and Basidiomycota (2.82%-5.44%) were identified as the top three dominant phylum, respectively. The diversity indices of treatment WB including Chao1, Ace and Shannon were significantly higher than other treatments, with respective values of 327.47, 328.35 and 3.22. PCA analysis demonstrated significant dissimilarities in fungal community structures among each treatment’s soil samples with low similarity (Adonis， R2=0.533, P=0.001). LefSe enrichment analysis indicated notable disparities in enriched fungal taxa among treatments. Treatment WA exhibited significant enrichment of beneficial fungi such as Mortierella and Penicillium within Mortierellomycetes class except for unknown classification. Treatment WB displayed substantial enrichment of Chaetothyriales and Eurotiomycetes. Cucurbitariaceae and Sordaria were significantly enriched within treatment WC. In the treatment WD, Laboulbeniomycetes and Saccharomycetes exhibited significant enrichment. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between ginsenoside Rd and the pathogenic fungus Fusarium, while Plectosphaerella displayed a significant negative correlation with R1, Rb1, and Rd. Ginsenoside Re demonstrated a noteworthy positive correlation with the pathogenic fungus Ilyonectria; however, it exhibited a substantial positive correlation with the potential beneficial fungus Chaetomium. In terms of community correlation analysis, Fusarium exhibited an inverse relationship with Sclerotinia and Conlarium. These fungi could potentially serve as valuable fungal resources that antagonize root rot pathogens in P. notoginseng plants and possess functions against pathogenic fungi. This study provides novel insights for exploring biocontrol agents in P. notoginseng cultivation areas in Wenshan Prefecture for soil improvement and promoting high-quality production of P. notoginseng.

  Effects of Organic Carbon Source Additives on Growth of Tomato Seedlings and Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil Under Phenolic Acid Stress ZHUO Lifang, HUANG Jichuan, LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, ZHONG Wenliang, WEI Qiufang, TU Yuting 2024, 40 (28):  102-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0358 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1571KB )   ( 824 ) This study examined how various organic carbon additives influence the growth of tomato seedlings and the physicochemical characteristics of rhizosphere soil under phenolic acid stress. Tomato pot experiments were conducted and a total of 8 treatments were set up, including conventional cultivation (CK), phenolic acid stress (T1), phenolic acid stress+ KOH (T2), and treatments involving the addition of external phenolic acid mixed with KOH and different organic carbon sources. The organic carbon sources used were potassium acetate (T3), alginic acid (T4), fulvic acid (T5), humic acid (T6), and γ-polyglutamic acid (T7). After 30 days of transplantation, tomato seedling growth indicators, physiological indicators, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, and soil enzyme activities were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between physiological indicators of tomato seedling and soil environmental factors under different treatments. The addition of organic carbon sources effectively promoted tomato growth. Among all the treatments, the T6 treatment showed the best effect, compared with T1 treatment, the root vitality of tomato seedlings in T6 increased by 122.9%, leaf enzyme activity increased by 16.7% to 149.1%, root MDA and soil total phenolic acid content decreased by 59.0% and 44.2% respectively, soil pH, organic matter, alkali nitrogen, and available potassium content increased by 5.1%, 27.4%, 22.0%, and 119.2% respectively, and soil enzyme activity were also increased by 9.0% to 28.7%. Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis results showed a significant negative correlation between above ground and root fresh weight of tomato plants with soil total phenolic acid content, and a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase. Treatment T6 had opposite regulatory effects on these five key soil environmental factors that drove the growth indicators of tomato seedlings compared to treatment T1. Organic carbon sources can alleviate the allelopathic stress effect of phenolic acid on tomato growth by enhancing crop physiological activity, improving soil physicochemical properties, and increasing crop rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, among them, humic acid exhibited the optimal effect.

  The Characteristics of Biochar-Coco Coir Substrate and Application in Banana Tissue Culture Seedling LIU Danni, CHEN Weisheng, HUANG Lianxi, LIU Zhongzhen, WANG Yanhong, WEI Lan 2024, 40 (28):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0744 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 23 ) In order to screen suitable substrates for cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings, research on cultivation substrates using biochar as the main material was carried out. Statistical methods were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. In this study, a series of biochar by volume (2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%) and iron powder were added to coconut coir and then were used to plant the banana tissue culture seedlings. Potting trials were conducted in 2022 at the trial base of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Factors including the changes of matrix traits, plant growth and development, and NPK nutritional status during the seedling growth were monitored in order to screen out the proportion of biochar added to coconut coir. The results showed that the addition of biochar had no significant effect on most of the properties of coconut bran, but the addition of iron powder significantly reduced the content of the matrix available phosphorus. When the volume ratio of biochar added into coco coir was less than 20%, the dry matter of stems of banana seedlings significantly increased by 3.5%-193.8% and roots of banana seedlings significantly increased by 22.2%-39.8%, and the nitrogen and potassium content of seedlings significantly increased by 5.0%-182.9% (except for B10I) and 7.1%-178.1%, which might indicate that the addition of biochar improved the nitrogen and potassium nutrition of banana tissue culture seedlings. However, adding more than 20% biochar in coconut coir inhibited the growth of banana seedlings though no significant effect on the properties of the substrate was detected. Furthermore, adding iron powder together with biochar into coconut coir greatly reduced the content of available phosphorus in the substrate and thereby inhibited the growth of the plant. In conclusion, the addition of 2%-10% volume ratio of biochar in coconut coir was suitable for the cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings, and had a broad application prospect.

  Prediction of Potential Suitable Area of Ziziphus jujube in Tuha Basin Based on MaxEnt Model YANG Jiaxin, LIU Liqiang, ZHOU Weiquan, ZHANG Yingchun, LIU Ai, QIN Wei 2024, 40 (28):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0900 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2053KB )   ( 28 ) This research is focused on the distribution of Ziziphus jujube in Tuha Basin. Based on the geographical distribution and environmental variables, Maxent was used to construct a model and ArcGIS software was used to predict the geographical distribution pattern of Z. jujube, and their potential suitable areas under current and future climate conditions were studied in combination with the current production status. In order to provide scientific basis for the development planning and regional development arrangement of Z. jujube industry in Tuha Basin, various degrees of suitable areas were divided according to the suitability index generated by Maxent model. According to the model prediction based on the current and future climate conditions, the areas unsuitable for planting Z. jujube in Tuha Basin would be mostly mountainous or high-altitude areas. The comparison with the topographic map indicated that the suitable areas for Z. jujube were mainly concentrated in the low-altitude and the transition areas from mountains to plains and basins. In the prediction models, elevation could be admitted as an important environmental factor, which might bring a great influence on the species distribution probability.

  Forecasting of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Based on XGBoost Machine Learning Model and Numerical Weather Prediction Data ZHU Chunxia, QIN Anzhen 2024, 40 (28):  126-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0793 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1606KB )   ( 166 ) This study seeks to enhance the prediction accuracy of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Three models, namely BP, XGBoost, and CatBoost, were developed utilizing historical daily meteorological data from 2020-2021. These data included maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), total solar radiation (Ra), sunshine hours (S), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed at a height of 2 m (U2) for training purposes. The models were tested and forecasted using daily numerical weather prediction data from Xinxiang city, located in northern Henan Province, for the year 2022. The forecasted results were compared with the ET0 data calculated using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith model. The results showed that Ra, Tmax, and Tmin were most correlated with ET0 among all factors, and therefore were considered as input factors for model running. The three models generated acceptable ET0 accuracy at 1-16 d forecast scale. In model testing, XGBoost model had R=0.875, RMSE=0.230 mm/d, MAE=0.181 mm/d, and MAPE=8.45%, respectively. On average, the R value of XGBoost model was increased by 10.2%, and values of RMSE, MAE, and MAPE were decreased by 39.9%-62.4%, compared to BP and CatBoost models. In view of the accuracy and stability of the XGBoost model, it can be a recommended model for ET0 forecasting in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

  Effect of Entomopathogenic Nematode Combining with Soil Amendment on Soil Nematode Community Structure in Rhizosphere of Cucumber FU Huijuan, ZHANG Haiting, YI Jun, ZENG Shuocheng, XU Bingzhi, YE Jianrong, LI Qiyong, ZHANG Hong, LI Xingyue 2024, 40 (28):  134-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0693 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1360KB )   ( 21 ) To investigate the inhibitory effect of soil amendment (SA) in combination with entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis beicherriana) on Meloidogyne incognita, and its impact on the ecological environment of cucumber rhizosphere soil, we used the cucumber cultivar ‘Qianqiu No.1’ as the test variety, and set up six different experimental groups to study the community structure of soil nematode, ecological diversity and functional diversity of cucumber rhizosphere soil. The results showed that after 60 days of experiment, the SA and nematode H. beicherriana group contained fewer parasitic nematodes in root nodules, and more Rhabditis and Mesorhabditis nematodes. The trophic diversity and basal index were increased, and the nematode channel ratio was significantly increased, and the soil organic decomposition was mainly bacterial decomposition. The nematode population remained predominantly in area A, characterized by better soil nutrients and bacterial decomposition, whereas in other groups, there was a gradual decrease from area A to area D. The results showed that the SA soil restorer combined with entomopathogenic nematode (H. beicherriana) could effectively inhibit M. incongnita, and at the same time improve the diversity of soil nematodes, effectively alleviate the degradation trend of soil food web.

  Control Effect of Isopyrazam·Tebuconazole 40% SC on Controlling Citrus Melanose LIN Jieying, HUANG Feng, CUI Yiping, LING Jinfeng, GUO Bin, SONG Xiaobing 2024, 40 (28):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0025 Abstract + ( 255 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 144 ) The study aims to screen the safe and efficient fungicide for controlling citrus melanose, clarify the control effect and the appropriate dosage of the new compound isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC on citrus melanose. Field efficacy tests of the new compound isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC for controlling citrus melanose were carried out for two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022. The results of the two years experiments showed that isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg had a good control effect on citrus melanose. After three times of application in 2021, the control effect of isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg on citrus leaves citrus melanose and fruits citrus melanose were 79.60% and 77.97%, respectively. After three times of application in 2022, the control effect of isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg on citrus leaves citrus melanose and fruits citrus melanose were 81.65% and 76.37%, respectively, which were significantly better than 20% isopyrazam wettable powder and 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension. The isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC is safe and efficient for the prevention and treatment of citrus, which is worthy of application in the demonstration and promotion of citrus melanose control.

  Study on Suitability Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity of Lvyangchun Tea Processed by Different Tea Cultivars AI Zeyi, HU Zhenmin, YE Yutong, MU Bing, LI Ronglin, YANG Yiyang 2024, 40 (28):  148-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0576 Abstract + ( 74 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1620KB )   ( 21 ) The paper aims to screen suitable varieties for Lvyangchun tea, so as to provide theoretical basis for the introduction of superior varieties of tea plants and the improvement of the quality of Lvyangchun tea. A comprehensive comparison was made between five main tea varieties in Yizheng, and the suitability evaluation tea cultivars for Lvyangchun tea was studied by biochemical analysis, electronic tongue analysis and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the sensory evaluation scores, taste scores and umami values of Lvyangchun tea processed by different tea cultivars were all in the same order: ‘Baiye No.1’> ‘Quntizhong’> ‘Huangjinya’> ‘Longjingchangye’> ‘Fudingdahao’. The analysis of quality components showed that Lvyangchun tea processed by ‘Baiye No.1’ which had the highest umami value also had the highest contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid; the amount of EGCG in ‘Huangjinya’ with the lowest astringency value were also the lowest (6.08%); the amount of caffeine in Longjingchangye with the lowest bitterness value were also the lowest (2.78%). However, Lvyangchun tea processed by ‘Fudingdahao’ contained the highest content of caffeine (3.44%), EGCG (8.89%) and total catechin content (17.64%) and the lowest contents of glutamic acid and aspartate, which lead to a high value of bitterness and astringency and a low value of umami respectively. These results were consistent with the sensory evaluation results. In addition, Lvyangchun tea processed by ‘Longjingchangye’ also showed the strongest scavenging activity of DPPH (IC50=38.20 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50=17.44 µg/mL), showing a strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, ‘Baiye No.1’, ‘Quntizhong’, ‘Huangjinya’, ‘Longjingchangye’ had certain advantages for processing Lvyangchun tea respectively, while ‘Fudingdahao’ with a poorer aroma and taste was not recommended.

  Analysis of Research Progress of Purple Corn Anthocyanins CUI Hanyuan, ZHANG Yue, SONG Zhaowei, CHEN Ying, DING Shu, ZHANG Yuwei, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Xiaoming 2024, 40 (28):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0750 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1770KB )   ( 147 ) This study presents an analysis of the research of purple corn anthocyanins based on 217 relevant literature from the Web of Science core collection from 1997 to 2023. The data was visualized using CiteSpace software to explore the annual publication trends, keywords, countries/regions, and institutions. The findings indicate a significant increase in the number of publications in the field of purple corn anthocyanins. The main research topics in this field include the functional activities, chemical composition, stability, and extraction methods of purple corn anthocyanins. The current research frontiers in this field encompass four aspects: the effect of purple corn on reducing or preventing diseases, the new extraction technology, the stability of anthocyanins and the application of animal husbandry. The top five research institutions in this field are from the United States, China and Thailand. The United States focuses on traditional research areas such as functional activities, stability, and extraction process, while China and Thailand concentrate on the emerging field of applied research in animal husbandry. The application of purple corn anthocyanins in livestock farming may become a future research focus.