Effects of Organic Carbon Source Additives on Growth of Tomato Seedlings and Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil Under Phenolic Acid Stress

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0358

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examined how various organic carbon additives influence the growth of tomato seedlings and the physicochemical characteristics of rhizosphere soil under phenolic acid stress. Tomato pot experiments were conducted and a total of 8 treatments were set up, including conventional cultivation (CK), phenolic acid stress (T₁), phenolic acid stress+ KOH (T₂), and treatments involving the addition of external phenolic acid mixed with KOH and different organic carbon sources. The organic carbon sources used were potassium acetate (T₃), alginic acid (T₄), fulvic acid (T₅), humic acid (T₆), and γ-polyglutamic acid (T₇). After 30 days of transplantation, tomato seedling growth indicators, physiological indicators, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, and soil enzyme activities were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between physiological indicators of tomato seedling and soil environmental factors under different treatments. The addition of organic carbon sources effectively promoted tomato growth. Among all the treatments, the T₆ treatment showed the best effect, compared with T₁ treatment, the root vitality of tomato seedlings in T₆ increased by 122.9%, leaf enzyme activity increased by 16.7% to 149.1%, root MDA and soil total phenolic acid content decreased by 59.0% and 44.2% respectively, soil pH, organic matter, alkali nitrogen, and available potassium content increased by 5.1%, 27.4%, 22.0%, and 119.2% respectively, and soil enzyme activity were also increased by 9.0% to 28.7%. Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis results showed a significant negative correlation between above ground and root fresh weight of tomato plants with soil total phenolic acid content, and a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase. Treatment T₆ had opposite regulatory effects on these five key soil environmental factors that drove the growth indicators of tomato seedlings compared to treatment T₁. Organic carbon sources can alleviate the allelopathic stress effect of phenolic acid on tomato growth by enhancing crop physiological activity, improving soil physicochemical properties, and increasing crop rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, among them, humic acid exhibited the optimal effect.

Key words: organic carbon sources, phenolic acids stress, agronomic traits, soil nutrients, enzyme activity, tomato seedlings

ZHUO Lifang, HUANG Jichuan, LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, ZHONG Wenliang, WEI Qiufang, TU Yuting. Effects of Organic Carbon Source Additives on Growth of Tomato Seedlings and Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil Under Phenolic Acid Stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(28): 102-111.

Figures/Tables 7

References 43

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处理	地上部鲜重/g	根重/g	总根长/cm	根总表面积/cm²	平均直径/cm	根体积/cm³
CK	8.19±0.04c	0.94±0.03c	338.8±7.5d	45.77±1.68d	0.48±0.01c	0.61±0.03d
T₁	6.63±0.35e	0.56±0.03f	236.6±10.7g	30.47±1.17f	0.43±0.01d	0.44±0.01e
T₂	7.16±0.01d	0.67±0.02e	249.5±5.5f	31.53±1.46f	0.44±0.02d	0.48±0.02e
T₃	6.61±0.23e	0.56±0.04f	291.2±9.3e	41.64±1.11e	0.46±0.02cd	0.61±0.03d
T₄	7.47±0.16d	0.74±0.02d	344.9±3.0cd	51.87±0.56c	0.56±0.02b	0.74±0.01c
T₅	8.41±0.33bc	0.95±0.03c	398.8±8.5b	69.58±2.05b	0.58±0.03b	0.91±0.04b
T₆	10.92±0.20a	1.27±0.02a	413.5±4.5a	86.42±2.63a	0.67±0.02a	1.46±0.07a
T₇	8.57±0.02b	1.00±0.03b	355.5±4.1c	51.29±2.47c	0.56±0.02b	0.89±0.05b

处理	地上部鲜重/g	根重/g	总根长/cm	根总表面积/cm²	平均直径/cm	根体积/cm³
CK	8.19±0.04c	0.94±0.03c	338.8±7.5d	45.77±1.68d	0.48±0.01c	0.61±0.03d
T₁	6.63±0.35e	0.56±0.03f	236.6±10.7g	30.47±1.17f	0.43±0.01d	0.44±0.01e
T₂	7.16±0.01d	0.67±0.02e	249.5±5.5f	31.53±1.46f	0.44±0.02d	0.48±0.02e
T₃	6.61±0.23e	0.56±0.04f	291.2±9.3e	41.64±1.11e	0.46±0.02cd	0.61±0.03d
T₄	7.47±0.16d	0.74±0.02d	344.9±3.0cd	51.87±0.56c	0.56±0.02b	0.74±0.01c
T₅	8.41±0.33bc	0.95±0.03c	398.8±8.5b	69.58±2.05b	0.58±0.03b	0.91±0.04b
T₆	10.92±0.20a	1.27±0.02a	413.5±4.5a	86.42±2.63a	0.67±0.02a	1.46±0.07a
T₇	8.57±0.02b	1.00±0.03b	355.5±4.1c	51.29±2.47c	0.56±0.02b	0.89±0.05b

处理	总酚酸/(μg/g)	pH	有机质/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
CK	7.97±0.38g	6.25±0.04a	2.81±0.09ab	245.1±3.9ab	141.8±2.4ab	189.38±10.47b
T₁	16.06±0.55a	5.89±0.05c	2.37±0.04d	193.6±8.6d	144.7±4.2a	176.13±8.14b
T₂	14.89±0.53b	6.12±0.01ab	2.35±0.11d	203.7±1.9cd	127.6±4.0c	210.32±9.27a
T₃	12.57±0.26c	5.95±0.10c	2.54±0.07cd	210.0±3.2c	122.8±5.2c	211.30±5.10a
T₄	11.89±0.55cd	6.01±0.09bc	2.74±0.11bc	199.0±4.0cd	125.4±2.9c	212.99±7.04a
T₅	10.01±0.72e	5.98±0.05b	2.79±0.10b	242.4±3.2b	127.9±4.4c	210.95±10.84a
T₆	8.96±0.45f	6.19±0.04a	3.02±0.13a	236.2±1.8b	136.6±3.9b	212.23±10.10a
T₇	11.32±0.09d	6.02±0.12bc	3.02±0.04a	257.8±3.0a	139.8±6.5ab	213.33±5.06a

处理	总酚酸/(μg/g)	pH	有机质/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
CK	7.97±0.38g	6.25±0.04a	2.81±0.09ab	245.1±3.9ab	141.8±2.4ab	189.38±10.47b
T₁	16.06±0.55a	5.89±0.05c	2.37±0.04d	193.6±8.6d	144.7±4.2a	176.13±8.14b
T₂	14.89±0.53b	6.12±0.01ab	2.35±0.11d	203.7±1.9cd	127.6±4.0c	210.32±9.27a
T₃	12.57±0.26c	5.95±0.10c	2.54±0.07cd	210.0±3.2c	122.8±5.2c	211.30±5.10a
T₄	11.89±0.55cd	6.01±0.09bc	2.74±0.11bc	199.0±4.0cd	125.4±2.9c	212.99±7.04a
T₅	10.01±0.72e	5.98±0.05b	2.79±0.10b	242.4±3.2b	127.9±4.4c	210.95±10.84a
T₆	8.96±0.45f	6.19±0.04a	3.02±0.13a	236.2±1.8b	136.6±3.9b	212.23±10.10a
T₇	11.32±0.09d	6.02±0.12bc	3.02±0.04a	257.8±3.0a	139.8±6.5ab	213.33±5.06a

处理	蔗糖酶/ [mg/(g·d)]	多酚氧化酶/ [nmol/(g·h)]	过氧化氢酶/ [μmol/(g·h)]	脲酶/ [μg/(g·d)]	蛋白酶/ [mg/(g·d)]	酸性磷酸酶/ [nmol/(g·h)]
CK	4.55±0.05bc	342.56±7.47b	581.85±4.89a	1143.45±48.29abc	4.67±0.17ab	930.21±48.41a
T₁	4.20±0.12c	324.77±5.86c	523.95±8.51b	896.15±26.57d	4.39±0.18b	937.19±35.02a
T₂	4.18±0.05c	329.01±5.89bc	521.32±13.72b	871.40±29.67d	4.46±0.20ab	788.70±27.61b
T₃	4.40±0.08c	338.44±6.53bc	530.43±6.45b	1102.67±47.77bc	4.54±0.20ab	789.58±38.56b
T₄	4.50±0.07bc	341.00±8.40b	531.15±10.41b	1179.67±62.05ab	4.60±0.21ab	806.39±20.35b
T₅	4.64±0.08b	336.93±9.78bc	538.25±5.71b	1093.30±23.95c	4.70±0.16ab	822.01±28.40b
T₆	4.89±0.10a	377.05±14.33a	571.21±22.99a	1152.93±56.51abc	4.79±0.22a	804.12±59.81b
T₇	4.84±0.23a	331.87±3.49bc	566.19±10.94a	1224.02±37.58a	4.68±0.22ab	795.50±11.03b