Effects of Different Slow (Controlled) Release Fertilizers on Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency, Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity of Rice

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0673

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the efficiency of different slow (controlled) release fertilizers in rice, this experiment set up four treatments of conventional fertilization, organic slow-release fertilizer, mixed fertilizer, and Yongxiao slow-release fertilizer. The rice yield and soil chemical properties were measured in each plot, and the effects of different slow (controlled) release fertilizers on rice reduction and efficiency, soil fertility and enzyme activity were evaluated by combining with the analysis of soil enzyme activity and other indicators. The results showed that after two consecutive years of trial implementation, when the fertilizer nutrients quantity decreased by 15%, the cost-saving and fertilizer reduction effect of Yongxiao slow-release fertilizer was the best. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in rice grains was basically proportional to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer applied in each treatment. After the implementation of the four different treatments, the content of soil organic matter and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen were increased. The increase amplitudes of the three slow (controlled) release fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatments, while the content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased after the experiment. After the application of slow (controlled) release fertilizer, the activities of soil urease, protease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were higher than those after conventional fertilization. This experiment indicated that the application of slow (controlled) release fertilizer was beneficial for improving the activities of four soil enzymes and improving soil biological characteristics.

Key words: slow (controlled) release fertilizers, chemical fertilizer reduction, soil fertility, rice, enzyme activity

LOU Ling, YUAN Hangjie, LI Dan, SHEN Jianguo, YANG Wenye. Effects of Different Slow (Controlled) Release Fertilizers on Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency, Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity of Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(20): 73-77.

Figures/Tables 8

References 20

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处理	基肥	分蘖肥	促花肥	保花肥	总施肥量
常规施肥	普通复合肥450	尿素210	尿素90	普通复合肥300	475.5，其中：N，250.5；P₂O₅，112.5；K₂O，112.5
有机缓释肥	有机缓释肥600	尿素180，氯化钾150	不施	尿素75	405.0，其中：N，225.0；P₂O₅，30.0；K₂O，150.0
掺混肥料	掺混肥料375	尿素202.5，氯化钾150	不施	尿素75	405.0，其中：N，221.25；P₂O₅，37.5；K₂O，146.25
永笑缓释肥	永笑缓释肥375	尿素225，氯化钾150	不施	尿素93	405.0，其中：N，228.75；P₂O₅，30.0；K₂O，146.25

处理	基肥	分蘖肥	促花肥	保花肥	总施肥量
常规施肥	普通复合肥450	尿素210	尿素90	普通复合肥300	475.5，其中：N，250.5；P₂O₅，112.5；K₂O，112.5
有机缓释肥	有机缓释肥600	尿素180，氯化钾150	不施	尿素75	405.0，其中：N，225.0；P₂O₅，30.0；K₂O，150.0
掺混肥料	掺混肥料375	尿素202.5，氯化钾150	不施	尿素75	405.0，其中：N，221.25；P₂O₅，37.5；K₂O，146.25
永笑缓释肥	永笑缓释肥375	尿素225，氯化钾150	不施	尿素93	405.0，其中：N，228.75；P₂O₅，30.0；K₂O，146.25

处理	株高/cm	有效穗/(×10⁴/hm²)	总粒数/粒	实粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)
常规施肥	128.6	210.3	351.8	288.8	81.8	23.40	14196
有机缓释肥	127.4	207.9	322.6	260.5	80.8	23.75	12897
掺混肥料	126.8	199.8	324.9	272.9	83.9	23.55	12905
永笑缓释肥	127.4	207.15	352.3	284.8	80.9	23.75	14040

处理	株高/cm	有效穗/(×10⁴/hm²)	总粒数/粒	实粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)
常规施肥	128.6	210.3	351.8	288.8	81.8	23.40	14196
有机缓释肥	127.4	207.9	322.6	260.5	80.8	23.75	12897
掺混肥料	126.8	199.8	324.9	272.9	83.9	23.55	12905
永笑缓释肥	127.4	207.15	352.3	284.8	80.9	23.75	14040

处理	水稻产值	增产增效	化肥物化成本	化肥节本	施肥用工成本	用工节本	合计节本增效
常规施肥	31824	—	2775	—	600	—	—
有机缓释肥	30607	-1217	3004	-229	450	+150	-1295
掺混肥料	30615	-1209	2874	-99	450	+150	-1158
永笑缓释肥	31968	+144	2966	-191	450	+150	+104