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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (32): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0831

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Research Advances in Response of Maize to Low Nitrogen Stress

PENG Chaoying1,2(), HUO Chuan3, YANG Mei1,2, FENG Yunchao1,2, XIANG Zhenfan1,2, YANG Lian1,2, HUANG Meixia1,2, YAN Qingjiu1,2, HUO Shiping1,2()   

  1. 1 Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404155
    2 Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100
    3 Ziyang Service Center of Modern Agriculture, Ziyang, Sichuan 641400
  • Received:2023-12-08 Revised:2024-02-15 Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-11-12

Abstract:

In order to provide theoretical basis, identification method and selection index for the identification and screening of low nitrogen tolerant maize varieties, the research reports on the influence of low nitrogen stress on maize growth and development, the material basis of low nitrogen tolerance and the selection of low nitrogen tolerant varieties in maize at home and abroad in the past 20 years were summarized. It was found that low nitrogen stress seriously affected the growth and development of maize roots and plants, and grain yield. However, different genotypes of maize showed great differences in morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and grain yield. Under low nitrogen stress, the low nitrogen tolerant genotype showed that the root system grew well, root-shoot ratio was larger, the root system vigor was stronger. Meanwhile, the changes in plant height and stem thickness were not obvious, while the ear leaf area was larger. It was higher for the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and amino acids in its root secretions as well as the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in ear leaf. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity were stronger in the cells, and the ear was larger, grains per ear were much and 100-grain weight was higher, these genotypes could obtain the high grain yield. It was considered that under low nitrogen stress, the biomass of roots and plants was high, the root-shoot ratio and ear leaf area were large, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in root exudates, the content of chlorophyll and nitrogen in ear leaves were high, the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in cells was strong, the number of grains per ear was large, and the weight of 100 grains and the weight of grains per ear were high. The above information could be used as important indicators for selecting low nitrogen tolerant maize genotypes.

Key words: maize, genotype, nitrogen stress, morphological traits, physiological and biochemical characteristics, selection index