Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.32 Published:15 November 2024

  Research Advances in Response of Maize to Low Nitrogen Stress PENG Chaoying, HUO Chuan, YANG Mei, FENG Yunchao, XIANG Zhenfan, YANG Lian, HUANG Meixia, YAN Qingjiu, HUO Shiping 2024, 40 (32):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0831 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 29 ) In order to provide theoretical basis, identification method and selection index for the identification and screening of low nitrogen tolerant maize varieties, the research reports on the influence of low nitrogen stress on maize growth and development, the material basis of low nitrogen tolerance and the selection of low nitrogen tolerant varieties in maize at home and abroad in the past 20 years were summarized. It was found that low nitrogen stress seriously affected the growth and development of maize roots and plants, and grain yield. However, different genotypes of maize showed great differences in morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and grain yield. Under low nitrogen stress, the low nitrogen tolerant genotype showed that the root system grew well, root-shoot ratio was larger, the root system vigor was stronger. Meanwhile, the changes in plant height and stem thickness were not obvious, while the ear leaf area was larger. It was higher for the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and amino acids in its root secretions as well as the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in ear leaf. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity were stronger in the cells, and the ear was larger, grains per ear were much and 100-grain weight was higher, these genotypes could obtain the high grain yield. It was considered that under low nitrogen stress, the biomass of roots and plants was high, the root-shoot ratio and ear leaf area were large, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in root exudates, the content of chlorophyll and nitrogen in ear leaves were high, the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in cells was strong, the number of grains per ear was large, and the weight of 100 grains and the weight of grains per ear were high. The above information could be used as important indicators for selecting low nitrogen tolerant maize genotypes.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Amount on Yield and Benefits of Ratoon Rice under Crayfish and Rice Intercropping Mode in Southern Henan FENG Daqing, LIU Xiangchen, XIONG Qu, ZHAO Haiying, LI Gexing, WAN Yu, WANG Bin, GU Mengxuan, LIU Yali 2024, 40 (32):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0109 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1151KB )   ( 28 ) The suitable nitrogen application rate of ratooning rice in crayfish field was studied to provide theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen application in ratooning rice field under rice-crayfish coculture in southern Henan and promoting the popularization and application of ratooning rice in crayfish field. In this experiment, ‘Tianliangyou 616’, the main cultivated variety of ratooning rice in southern Henan paddy fields, was used as the research object. Under the same field management conditions, six different nitrogen fertilizer levels, including N0 (0 kg/hm2), N1 (249.27 kg/hm2), N2 (302.69 kg/hm2), N3 (356.10 kg/hm2), N4 (409.52 kg/hm2) and N5 (462.93 kg/hm2), were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the two-season yield and economic benefits of ratooning rice in crayfish fields. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, the two-season yield of ratooning rice showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the highest yield in the N4 treatment. Moreover, as the nitrogen application amount increased, the annual economic benefit of ratooning rice became negative. The comprehensive economic benefit curve showed that the best benefit could be obtained when the nitrogen application rate was 386.68 kg/hm2. The study results indicated that appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application could increase the yield and economic benefits of ratooning rice, and the optimal nitrogen application rate for the rice-crayfish culture in the southern Henan paddy fields was recommended to be 386.68 kg/hm2. This study could provide a theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen application in ratooning rice fields under rice-crayfish coculture in southern Henan.

  Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Peanut ‘Yuhua 65’ XIONG Kun, MA Meijuan, JIN Chenyi, YU Weidong 2024, 40 (32):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0128 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 21 ) Field experiments were conducted to determine the most suitable sowing date for high oleic acid peanut in Henan Province. The study aimed to examine the effects of different sowing dates on the growth, development, and yield of high oleic acid peanut. The high oleic peanut variety ‘Yuhua 65’ was used as experimental material. The sowing experiments were conducted at the Zhengzhou Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station from 2020 to 2021 and at the Shangqiu Agricultural Meteorological Observation Station in 2022. During the experiment, the main growth stages such as sowing, emergence, flowering, injection, full fruit, and maturity were observed and recorded. After harvest, the pod yield and its constituent factors were measured, and the main factors affecting the yield were determined by path analysis. Based on the accumulated temperature during the entire growth period of peanut determined by the field experiment, combined with the daily air temperature data from 1991 to 2020 of the Zhengzhou and Shangqiu meteorological observation stations, the suitable sowing dates of spring and summer peanuts were calculated respectively. The study revealed that the growth periods of plants were shortened when the sowing date was delayed. For every 10-day delay in sowing, the days of emergence, flowering and the whole growth period were shortened by 1-2 days, 3-4 days and 3-5 days, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ during the whole growth period was approximately 2100 ℃·d for spring sowing conditions and about 1900 ℃ for summer sowing. The average effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ for the entire growth stage of peanut decreased by about 80℃ for every 10-day delay of sowing date. The yield of sowing in mid-to-late May was higher, followed by mid-April, and the yield of sowing in June decreased with the delay of sowing date. The path analysis showed that the pod weight per plant was the primary factor affecting pod yield, followed by the kernel rate. Pod number per plant and 100 kernel weight had no significant response to sowing date. Under an 80% guarantee rate, the spring sowing date for ‘Yuhua 65’ should not be earlier than April 27, and the summer sowing date should be before June 6. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high-oleic acid peanut cultivation in Henan Province.

  Effect of Altitude Environment on Grain Quality Characters of Brassica napus L. ZHAO Caixia, WANG Jinxiong 2024, 40 (32):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0784 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 18 ) This article studied the laws of the quality change of Brassica napus L. in different altitude environments, aiming to provide a reference for high altitude Brassica napus L. introduction and quality breeding. The effects of three altitudes on the quality of erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid of C18 fatty acids in rapeseed were compared and analyzed with 11 rapeseed lines. The results showed that the oil content of Brassica napus L. seed showed an increasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the performance among lines was consistent, with a coefficient of variation of 0.0822. Erucic acid content increased significantly after planting at high-altitude in Lhasa, and the content of glucosinolate increased to different degrees in high altitude planting than in low altitude planting. The coefficient of variation between the two was larger, which was 0.3364 and 0.4920, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that erucic acid content and oil content were significantly positively correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficients were 0.865 and 0.750, respectively. Glucosinol was significantly correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficient was 0.428. High altitude was conducive to the accumulation of oil content, erucic acid and glucosinolates. The elevation of latitude was conducive to the accumulation of palmic acid and stearic acid, and the change of temperature was the main factor of most quality content changes.

  Different High Linolenic Acid Mutant Materials: Comparison of Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Quality Traits QIAN Aiping, CAO Xiuxia, YANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Wei 2024, 40 (32):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0318 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 12 ) The study aims to screen out high-yield, high-quality and suitable flax high linolenic acid materials for planting in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia. In this study, 13 flax high linolenic acid mutant materials were used as test materials. The agronomic traits, yield traits and quality traits were determined by laboratory test and near infrared analysis technology, and the production performance and quality traits were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that Z-M-865, Z-M-415 and Z-M-215 had the highest grain yield of 3569.07 kg/hm2, 3406.10 kg/hm2 and 3326.74 kg/hm2, respectively. The fruit number per plant, grain number per fruit, yield per plant and branch number of main stem of Z-M-865 were the highest, which were 19.64/plant, 8.40/fruit, 0.92g/plant and 7.29/plant, respectively. The plant height and process length of Z-0-300 were the highest. The 1000-grain weight of Z-M-585 was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the seed yield of flax was significantly positively correlated with the number of main stem branches, the number of pods per plant and the yield per plant (P< 0.05 ). The linolenic acid content of the tested materials was 46.06%~56.05%, and there were 6 materials with linolenic acid content greater than 50%. Through the comprehensive analysis of production performance and quality traits, it was found that the mutant materials Z-M-865, Z-M-415 and Z-M-350 had better grain yield, high oil content and linolenic acid content in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia. The content of linolenic acid was above 50 %, which was suitable for planting in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia.

  Effects of Different Cultivation Factor Combinations on Agronomic Traits and Yield Benefits of No-tillage Forage Rape in Mountainous Areas YANG Jincheng, LIU Jianjian, HE Quan, ZHANG Zhong, LIU Ying, SHI Lanfen, LI Yanlan, HU Xinzhou, WANG Aiming, YANG Xiaobo, BAI Tingyu, LI Xiang, PU Jiafu, BAI Yuecai 2024, 40 (32):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0086 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 21 ) In order to scientifically put forward the optimal cultivation factor combination of sowing density and fertilizer amount for no-tillage forage rape in mountainous areas, the agronomic traits and yield benefits of no-till mountain forage rape with 9 cultivation factors combined in the same high-altitude pilot in Yuxi from 2019 to 2021 were compared using grey correlation degree and stepwise regression analysis methods. The results showed, (1) the growth period was shortened with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of the last two sowing dates were 10 d and 20 d shorter than that of the first date. (2) Plant height, effective number of corner fruits per plant, fresh forage weight per plant and yield of fresh harvested grass showed a decreasing trend with the delay of sowing date. (3)The correlation degree between forage yield and main agronomic factors was significantly different in different cultivation combinations. (4) The fresh grass yield of 9 combinations in different years had different degrees of difference. (5) With the delay of sowing date, the output value and benefit of rape forage grass showed an obvious decreasing trend. The optimal cultivation factor combination of forage rape in high altitude mountainous areas is sowing on September 20 + planting density 3.0×105-3.6×105 plants/hm2 + urea application amount at 5 leaf stage 450-525 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Different Modified Materials on Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia ZHANG En, WANG Bin, BAI Xiaolong, WU Jinmin, MA Donghai, ZHANG Zhi, TIAN Feng, ZHAO Hui 2024, 40 (32):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0189 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 12 ) To investigate the effects of different modified materials on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and maize yield, the effects of desulfurized gypsum, new modifier and organic fertilizer on saline-alkali soil improvement and maize growth were studied on moderate saline-alkali soil in Tumote Right Banner, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) the application of the modified materials reduced the soil pH and the total salt content in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers. Among them, T4 treatment had the best effect on soil pH reduction, and soil pH in different soil layers decreased significantly by 8.38% and 6.65%, respectively, compared with the control. T6 treatment had the best effect on salt inhibition in 0-20 cm soil layer, which was significantly decreased by 44.84% compared with the control. And T4 treatment had the best effect on salt inhibition in the 20-40 cm soil layer, with significant decreases of 44.84% compared with the control. (2) The application of modified materials increased the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and available nitrogen in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, with an average increase of 15.8%-65.48%, 3.06%-19.07% and 3.45%-20.24%, respectively. (3) The application of modified materials increased maize height and stem diameter at different growth stages, and increased maize yield and yield components. T7 treatment had better effect on maize growth and yield enhancement than other modified treatments, with maize plant height, stem diameter, 100-kernel weight, and yield significantly increased by 26.21%, 20.64%, 21.56% and 55.21%, respectively, compared with the control. In summary, the application of modified materials could improve the quality of saline-alkali soil, improve soil nutrients, promote maize growth and increase maize yield.

  Effects of Straw Returning and Amendments on Chemical Properties and Nutrients of Saline-alkali Soil YU Bo, YANG Zhe, WANG Yuyan, MA Yang, GUO Yan, ZHANG Yibo, REN Qin, MU Junxiang, XU Songhe, ZHANG Xuefeng 2024, 40 (32):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0701 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 12 ) The saline-alkali land area of Ulanqab City accounts for nearly one-fifth of the land area, and the low fertility of the saline-alkali soil leads to low crop yield. In this experiment, straw returning, Al2(SO4)3 and FeSO4 improvement treatments were designed in Pangjia Village of Baihaizi Town and Nan Village of Pingdiquan Town. The soil of saline-alkali field without straw returning to the field and without amendment was taken as the control. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen and available nutrients in 0-40 cm soil layer were measured. The results showed that: (1) both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly reduced soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil salinity in 0-40 cm soil layer. (2) Both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly increased total nitrogen and organic matter in topsoil. (3) Both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly increased the available nutrients in topsoil. In conclusion, straw returning and chemical amendments significantly reduced the pH and electrical conductivity of soil in the topsoil and subsoil, and significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nutrients. The improvement effect of chemical amendments on saline-alkali fields was better than that of straw returning treatment. This study provided theoretical and technical support for salt-alkali field improvement and fertilizer cultivation and high-standard farmland construction in Ulanqab City to ensure stable grain yield and regional and national food security.

  Changes of Soil Salinity, Nutrients and Carbon Pools Under Different Silage Planting Patterns in Coastal Areas ZHANG Jiao, CUI Shiyou, CHEN Pengjun, HAN Jijun, ZHANG Rui 2024, 40 (32):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0371 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 12 ) To explore the variations in soil salinity, nutrient levels and carbon pool dynamics under various silage planting models, a series of comparative planting experiments were initiated in the Jiangsu costal reclamation area in October 2021. The experimental designs included a rapeseed-corn rotation (R—M), alfalfa interplanting-corn (A—M), and a monoculture of alfalfa (A—A). The results showed that: (1) soil salinity within the 0-40 cm depth exhibited similar patterns of fluctuation across different models until August. However, the R—M model demonstrated significantly higher soil salinity levels in comparison to the A—M and A—A models; (2) the soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer under A—A model recorded the highest levels of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, organic carbon and easily oxidized carbon. Furthermore, the total available nutrient pool capacity in A—M and A—A models was increased by 6.05% and 11.64% compared with R—M mode respectively. At the same time, there were no significant differences in soil pH, bulk density and available phosphorus under different planting models; (3) the carbon pool index (CPI) from the A—M and A—A models increased by 3.70% and 8.90%, respectively. The carbon pool activity index (AI) increased by 36.40% and 50.50%, and the carbon pool management index (CPMI) increased by 41.45% and 63.94%, respectively, compared with the forefield one year after planting. The AI and CMI from R—M model increased by 30.50% and 26.37%, respectively. Alfalfa silage planting or interplanting in coastal reclamation areas was conducive to decreasing soil salinity and the accumulation of effective nutrient in the short term, increasing soil carbon pool management index, and improving beach soil quality and fertility. The research results would provide data support for the future development of silage crop production and large-scale promotion.

  Effects of Planting Various Forage Grass on Restoration of Vegetation and Soil Fertility in Rocky Desertification Area in Yunnan QIAO Lu, WANG Qi, DUAN Liwu, ZHANG Yuwen 2024, 40 (32):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0212 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 12 ) Various forage planting patterns are introduced to attempt to rehabilitate rocky desertification grassland so that suitable vegetation patterns can be selected for ecosystem functioning restoration. Six different planting modes were conducted experimentally at the typical rocky desertification areas with three different levels of degradation in Yanshan County, southeast of Yunnan Province. The six modes were Lolium perenne monoculture, Festuca ovina monoculture, Setaria anceps monoculture, intercropping of Festuca ovina and Crotalaria pallida, intercropping of Setaria anceps and Trifolium repens, and intercropping of Setaria anceps and Medicago sativa. The results showed that (1) a variety of vegetation and soil traits increased significantly after rehabilitation, which included above- and under- ground biomass, gross cover, soil organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium. (2) There were significant differences among six modes in soil water content, water utilization efficiency, gross cover, above-ground biomass, under-ground biomass and the ratio of above-ground biomass to under-ground biomass. Lolium perenne monoculture had the highest soil water content, water utilization efficiency, above-ground biomass and the ratio of above-ground biomass to under-ground biomass, while intercropping of Setaria anceps and Medicago sativa and intercropping of Festuca ovina and Crotalaria pallida had got highest gross cover and under-ground biomass respectively. Planting forages had a remarkably positive effect on vegetation and soil restoration at target region. However, intercropping patterns had not explicit superiority over monoculture, and each pattern acted distinctively.

  Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Physical and Chemical Adsorption Capacity of Biochar LV Zhiwei, LUO Chunhong, LI Dongmei, JIN Meijuan, ZHANG Yanhui, LU Changying, WANG Haihou 2024, 40 (32):  68-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0314 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2092KB )   ( 11 ) To elucidate the response characteristics of biochar’s physical and chemical adsorption capacities to pyrolysis temperature and to clarify the quantitative relationship between biochar’s adsorption capabilities and pyrolysis temperature, we carried out the following experiment. In this experiment, biochar samples with different properties were prepared from agricultural and forestry waste branches at five pyrolysis temperatures (250, 350, 450, 550 and 650℃). Each treatment was named T250, T350, T450, T550 and T650, respectively. In this experiment, the physical and chemical adsorption capacity of biochar was reflected by measuring the iodine adsorption capacity and methylene blue adsorption capacity of biochar. Additionally, the aromaticity and polarity of biochar were determined, and the apparent morphology and functional group richness of biochar were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the increase of pyrolysis temperature enhanced the biochar’s iodine adsorption capacity while decreased its methylene blue adsorption capacity. The T250 and T350 treatment had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, while the biochar treated with T450, T550 and T650 had stronger aromaticity, lower polarity and richer pore structure. The relationship between biochar’s iodine adsorption capacity (Q1) and pyrolysis temperature (x) conformed to the growth “S” curve, specifically: Q1=180.78+(447.96-180.78)/[1+10(484.61-x)0.02], R2=0.9991. The minimum, median and maximum values of biochar’s iodine adsorption capacity correspond to pyrolysis temperatures was 318.1, 484.6 and 616.4°C, respectively. The relationship between methylene blue adsorption capacity (Q2) and pyrolysis temperature (x) of biochar conformed to the decreasing “S” curve, specifically (P<0.01): Q2=5.78+(12.45-5.78)/[1+10(386.78-x)-0.02], R2=0.9920. The minimum, median and maximum values of biochar’s methylene blue adsorption capacity correspond to pyrolysis temperatures was 511.3, 386.8 and 284.6°C, respectively. For every 50°C increase in pyrolysis temperature, the average iodine adsorption capacity of biochar increased by 16.7%, while the average methylene blue adsorption capacity decreased by 21.8%. Considering the adsorption principles and characteristic parameters, in different practical production scenarios, if the main application was chemical adsorption-based biochar, the recommended pyrolysis temperature should not exceed 386.8°C. If the focus was on biochar’s physical adsorption function, the recommended pyrolysis temperature should not be lower than 484.6°C. When the pyrolysis temperature is between 386.8 and 484.6°C, there was no significant distinction between the physical and chemical adsorption capabilities of biochar.

  Correlation Analysis Between Soil Organic Matter Content and Grain Yield: A Case Study of Lankao County in Henan FAN Peng, YANG Qingwei, GAO Chao, LI Di, WANG Lei, YANG Xihui 2024, 40 (32):  77-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0404 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 21 ) By analyzing the influence mode and degree of soil organic matter content on grain yield per unit area, the study provides a theoretical reference for the determination of organic matter content in soil testing and formula fertilization of cultivated land, and also provides relevant suggestions for cost reduction and efficiency increase in grain production. This paper took Lancao County of Henan Province as an example, the influence of soil organic matter content on grain yield was assessed by using trend and fitting correlation analysis, based on the existing annual renewal evaluation results of farmland quality of 203 administrative villages (2019). The results showed that grain yield would not increase continuously with the increase of soil organic matter content. There existed a critical value of soil organic matter content that could maximize the grain yield per unit area, so the relationship between the two showed a downward parabolic shape on the fitted curve. According to the three fitting curves, the critical value of soil organic matter content was calculated to be between 12.50-13.00 g/kg in Lankao County. The critical value of soil organic matter content in Lankao County was determined to be 15.00 g/kg by referring to the relevant requirements in the “Well-facilitated farmland construction—General rules” (GB/T 30600—2022). It was recommended that soil improvement should be tailored to the actual conditions. Once the soil organic matter content reached the ideal level, it was advisable to reduce the application of organic amendments in order to improve cost-effectiveness and efficiency in crop production.

  Influence of Soil Types on Diversity of Fungal Communities in Aged Apple Orchards in Southwestern China XU Liuxing, CAI Rongjing, TANG Xin, ZHANG Dan, WU Dong, GONG Zhanbin, YANG Yanqun, QUAN Yong, HUANG Guoyan 2024, 40 (32):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0394 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1873KB )   ( 33 ) As an indispensable microbial group in soil, fungi play a crucial role in apple growth and disease prevention. To compare the effects of soil types on the diversity of fungal communities in aged apple orchards in southwestern China, the experiment was conducted with four soil types: brown soil (BS), sandy soil (SS), yellow soil (YS) and apple replant disease soil (ARDS). The results showed that although there was no difference in α-diversity among the four soil types, SS had the lowest Sobs and Ace, while ARDS had the highest Sobs. ARDS, BS, SS and YS had 326, 301, 265 and 303 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) respectively, and the four soil types shared 178 OTUs. The OTUs by oneself was between 23 and 47 (ARDS>BS>YS>SS). Among the four soil types, Solicoccozyma, Mortierella, Rhodotorula and Vishniacozyma were the top four fungi with the highest relative abundance. At the genus level, the four soil types had significant effects on the relative abundance of 15 fungi, including Bionectria, Cladosporium, Mycoarthris, Cylindrocarpon and Clonostachys (P<0.05). The ARDS soil type had a higher number of species and a relatively high abundance of species indicating replant disease. Although pathogenic fungi were present in all soil types, their relative abundance was relatively low.

  Analysis of Soil Microbial Community Structure of Burgamot Yam Under Different Production Conditions YANG Xiaolin, GUO Shanshan, LV Liang, CHANG Xiangqian, ZHANG Shu, ZHANG Youhong, LIU Xinqiong 2024, 40 (32):  91-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0257 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2119KB )   ( 10 ) Burgamot yam is the "geographical indication product of agricultural products" in Hubei Province. There are many kinds of planting patterns in fields. In order to explore the soil microbial structure diversity of burgamot yam under different production conditions, soil specimem was collected and analysis was carried out. Soil samples of yam were collected from the main producing area of burgamot yam in Wuxue City, Hubei Province, which were taken from 4 different natural production patterns (2% avermectin for 1-year continuous cropping; 2% avermectin for 2-year continuous cropping; non 2% averamectin with no continuous cropping; non 2% avermectin for 2-year continuous cropping). The 5-point sampling method was used and soil was collected from 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm deep respectively, which were repeated 3 times. Soil genomic DNA was extracted. Bacterial 16S RNA and fungal ITS were performed for high quality sequences. The results of sequence data analysis showed that total of 2539748 effective fungal ITS sequences and 1964285 effective bacterial 16s sequences were obtained and 12 fungal and 50 bacterial taxa were identified at the phylum level, and 193 fungal and 1023 bacterial species were identified at the genus level. It showed that the difference of bacterial community composition in burgamot yam’s root soil under different production patterns was more obvious than that of fungal community. The influence of continuous planting on fungal community structure may exceed the chemical application treatment did, and the influence of different soil depth on bacterial community structure may be more significant. The characteristics of soil microbial community structure of burgamot yam indicate that the structures of fungi and bacteria in the yam soil were multiple on the phyla and genus levels in different growth depths with different natural growth conditions, and the continuous planting of burgamot yam in the field is easy to increase the risk of root disease.

  Screening and Composting Application of Nitrogen-efficient Transformation Bacteria XU Xinyue, DAI Wenlong, FU Haiyan, LIU Chunguang, SONG Xinyu, YANG Fengshan 2024, 40 (32):  99-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0240 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 133 ) The aim of this study is to screen nitrogen efficient transformation strains and verify their effects in the process of chicken manure composting, and to provide strain resources and theoretical support for the utilization and development of livestock and poultry manure in China. In this experiment, chicken manure and soil samples collected from different areas were used as the test materials, and the strains were isolated and purified by spread plate method. The nitrogen transformation ability of the strain was detected by Nessler's reagent colorimetric method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Then the microbial agent was prepared and applied to composting reaction. The results showed that 1 nitrogen efficient transformation bacterium was isolated and identified as Brucella tritici NC14. Biochar was selected as the best carrier to prepare microbial agent and then applied to compost. In the experiment of chicken manure composting, the application of microbial agent can effectively inhibit the release of NH3 by 42.3%, reduce the content of NH4+-N by 39.78% and increase the content of NO3--N by 52.3%. The results showed that strain NC14 had high nitrogen transformation ability and good application prospect.

  Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Nitrous Oxide Emissions, Main Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cropland in China: A Meta-analysis KANG Lixia, LUO Weigui, HOU Zhen'an, MIN Wei, LIU Tao 2024, 40 (32):  107-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0293 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1545KB )   ( 178 ) Excessive or irrational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer not only increases N losses, decreases N use efficiency (NUE) and affect yield improvement in cropland, but also causes some environmental problems. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can reduce N losses and improve NUE through inhibiting nitrification process. Although numerous studies about NIs focused on the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and promotion of yield in cropland in China, systematic analysis was still poor. In this paper, meta-analysis was used to study the effects of N fertilizer combined with NIs on the reduction of N2O emissions, major crop yield and NUE in cropland in China, so as to clarify the influences of soil pH, N application amounts and crop types on effects of NIs. The results showed that N fertilizer combined with NIs reduced the N2O emissions effect from cropland by 38.66% significantly (P<0.05), increase the effect of major crop yield by 7.31% (P>0.05), and enhance the effect of crop N uptake and NUE by 10.97% (P>0.05) and 25.64% (P>0.05), respectively. Among the different types of NIs, DMPP reduced the effect of N2O emissions to maximum extent (57.30%), followed by CP and DCD, which reduced the effect of N2O emissions by 35.07% and 32.28%. CP enhanced the effect of yield to maximum extent (12.76%), followed by DCD (5.65%) and DMPP (4.25%). The reduction size of NIs on N2O emissions in high N input cropland (≥300 kg/hm2) was greater than that in medium and low N input cropland (<300 kg/hm2). The increasing effect of NIs on yield of main crops in medium N input cropland (200-300 kg/hm2) was greater than that in high and low N input cropland. The effects of NIs on reducing N2O emissions and increasing crop yield in neutral soil were greater than those in acidic and alkaline soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that soil pH was the main factor affecting crop yield and N2O emission under the condition of N fertilizer applied with NIs. To sum up, N fertilizer combined with NIs could reduce N2O emissions significantly, increase crop yield, improve N uptake and NUE to a certain extent, which was an effective path to decrease N losses and promote N utilization.

  Micro-Climatic Effect of Silver-Black Mulch Films and Their Application in Strawberry Cultivation WEI Shasha, LI Qingbin, LIN Hongwei, FAN Kaifeng, QIN Benben, TANG Yining, CHEN Lei 2024, 40 (32):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0372 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 12 ) Based on the daily meteorological data, such as precipitation, rain days and sunshine duration during the flowering and fruiting stages (from November to April) of strawberry in greenhouse of Cixi City from 2012 to 2021, both occurrence frequency and intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days in Northern Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Meanwhile, a comparative experiment was conducted regarding the application effects between silver-black mulch films (the upper layer adopts a silver mulch film while the lower layer adopts a black one) and black mulch film onto strawberry greenhouse. According to the findings, the probability of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 17.7% during the flowering and fruiting stages of greenhouse strawberry in Cixi City from 2012 to 2020, with their occurrence frequency of a slightly declining trend, and their linear trend coefficient was -0.005; the average intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 6.3, with their occurrence intensity of an increasing trend, and their linear trend coefficient was 0.0264. The most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days took place in November while the least took place in April. November saw the most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days that lasted for over 7 days, followed by January. In the low-temperature winter and spring, both kinds of mulching modes could effectively raise and maintain the shallow soil temperature at or above 10℃; the shallow soil temperature of the silver-black-film-treated group was lower than that of the black-film-treated group, and the average temperature of the former group was 0.4℃ lower than that of the latter group; the total solar radiation of the silver-black-film-treated group was 9.1 w/m2 higher in average than that of the black-film-treated group. In the early producing stage (from December to February), the average yield of strawberries treated with silver and black films was 3629.4 kg/hm2 while the average yield of strawberries treated with black film was 2951.1 kg/hm2, thus realizing an increase of 20%. Silver-black-film treatment exerted certain promoting effect on the SPAD value of strawberry leaf, the soluble solid and the transverse fruit diameter. Therefore, in the production, covering silver-black mulch films can improve the micro-climatic environment in the greenhouse and achieve the role of increasing production and income of strawberries.

  Effects of Iron Chlorine e6 and Plastic Film Mulching on Comprehensive Greenhouse Effect in Vegetable Field HU Naijuan, CHEN Qian, PENG Hao, QIN Ruyi, DENG Sheng, SUN Hongwu 2024, 40 (32):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0098 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 82 ) To explore the comprehensive greenhouse effect of iron chlorine e6 and different types of plastic film mulching, this study conducted a field experiment, setting up three treatments: water + plastic mulching (CK), iron chlorine e6 + plastic film mulching (T1), and iron chlorine e6 + biodegradable film mulching (T2). Static chamber gas chromatography was used to analyze CH4, N2O, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) in a vegetable field. The results showed that compared to CK, T2 significantly reduced CH4 absorption by 59.4% and N2O emissions by 25.6%. CH4 emission was significantly positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, while N2O emission was significantly positively correlated with NO3--N and negatively correlated with DOC. Compared with T1, T2 significantly increased broccoli yield by 22.9%, significantly reduced GWP by 37.8%, and GHGI significantly decreased by 40.0% and 50.0% under T2 treatment, respectively, compared to CK and T1. In summary, it could be seen that the combination of iron chlorine e6 and biodegradable plastic film has an increase in production and emission reduction effect, and thus, can be recommended as a low-carbon technology model.

  Soil Moisture Inversion in Farmland Based on Landsat-8 Imagery WU Yingjie, ZHU Yongchao, KONG Xiangning 2024, 40 (32):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0178 Abstract + ( 65 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 3975KB )   ( 30 ) The rapid and real-time acquisition of soil moisture in a large range can provide powerful data support for dealing with drought. In this paper, three drought index models, namely perpendicular drought index (PDI), modified perpendicular drought index (MPDI) and temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), were constructed to discuss the accuracy and applicability of soil moisture inversion in the winter wheat planting area in Dingxing and Yixian of Hebei based on multi-spectral remote sensing data Landsat-8 and field measured soil moisture data. Three drought index models indicated that the study area was dry, and the spatial distribution of different drought indices was different, among which the difference between PDI and the other two drought indices was the biggest. All the three drought indices were negatively correlated with measured soil moisture, and MPDI, TVDI had obvious linear correlation with soil moisture. MPDI had the highest fitting degree and was used to invert the soil moisture. The inversion results showed that the soil moisture in the study area was relatively low, mainly ranging from 12% to 15%, and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture were consistent with that of land cover. Our study indicated that the MPDI index had great potential for drought monitoring in the winter wheat planting area in winter.

  Spatiotemporal Change Characteristics and Risk Zoning of Wheat Dry Hot Wind in Bazhou of Xinjiang HUO Jin, YU Huiqiao, ZHANG Shiming, HUANG Jiujun 2024, 40 (32):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0068 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1729KB )   ( 35 ) It is of great significance to grasp the occurrence and development law of wheat dry hot wind disaster and take targeted defensive measures to ensure food security. According to the meteorological industry standard of wheat dry-hot wind, using the daily meteorological observation data of 9 national meteorological stations and 114 regional automatic stations in agricultural areas in Bazhou from May to June from 1981 to 2023, the data of wheat development period and geographical basic information of agricultural meteorological observation stations, combined with ArcGIS10.8 technical mapping, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of wheat dry-hot wind days and processes in Bazhou were analyzed, and the risk zoning and evaluation were carried out. The results showed that the number of dry hot wind days and weather process showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing slowly, and then increasing obviously after decreasing slowly. The trend tendency rate was 2.2 d/10a and 1.2 meta/10 a, respectively in recent 43 years. In the 1980s, the decrease was more obvious, in the 1990s and 2010s, it showed an increasing trend, and after 2011, it increased significantly, which had the characteristics of time stages, and 2017 and 2022 were the years of high dry hot wind. From the proportion of three different degrees of dry-hot wind, the number of days and processes of light dry-hot wind are the most, and the trend of light process is significant; the number and process of medium and heavy dry-hot wind days did not change significantly. The number of dry hot wind days and the number of dry hot wind weather processes are similar in spatial distribution, that is, the desert oasis area in the southeast margin of the Taklimakan Desert is frequent and high occurrence area, the Bosten Lake waters and Yanqi Basin are less occurrence area, and other areas are secondary occurrence area, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of ‘more in the southeast and less in the northeast’ with obvious regionalism. The risk zoning results are divided into four levels of dry hot wind risk areas: heavy, heavier, moderate and mild (no), which can provide reference for disaster prevention in different risk planting areas.

  Effects of Global Climate Change on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Communities in Rice Fields ZHAO Jinyao, ZHANG Bin, WU Longmei, YANG Taotao, XU Weicheng, ZOU Jixiang, CHEN Qingchun, BAO Xiaozhe 2024, 40 (32):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0092 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1029KB )   ( 23 ) Rice fields are one of the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and the production and emission of GHG in rice fields has always been a hot topic in related research. IPCC predicts that future global climate change is mainly manifested as global warming, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and near-surface ozone (O3) concentration. The three factors have different effects on GHG emissions in rice fields. Meanwhile, global climate change also affects microbial communities in paddy fields, thus directly or indirectly affecting greenhouse gas emissions. This research reviewed the recent literatures to provide an overview of the following topics: the impact of global climate change on greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields; the impact of global climate change on microbial communities in rice fields; the impact of paddy microorganisms on greenhouse gas emissions in the context of global climate change; and the application of key microorganisms in rice fields to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. It is pointed out that subsequent studies should comprehensively consider the effects of multi-factor climate change on GHG emissions in rice paddies and strengthen the research on the mechanisms involved.

  Species and Pathogenicity Identification of Streptomyces Species Causing Potato Common Scab in Ulanqab Area WANG Yue, CAO Chunmei, CHEN Han, WANG Xiaojiao, YU Qianpeng, LI Xueyang, ZHANG Zhikai, HU Baigeng 2024, 40 (32):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0170 Abstract + ( 74 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1634KB )   ( 76 ) This research aimed to isolate and identify potato common scab pathogens in soil, and clarify the pathogenic genes and pathogenicity. It is of great significance to carry out breeding and comprehensive prevention and control of scab disease. The collected diseased tubers were identified by tissue separation and coating dilution, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by 16S rDNA measurement. The pathogenic genes were identified by PCR, and the pathogenicity was tested by radish seedling method, small potato chip method and pot inoculation. Four species of pathogenic Streptomyces were isolated and identified as Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus. All strains were inoculated with ‘Xisen 3’ for pathogenicity test. The test results showed that four Streptomyces could cause tuber disease, and the pathogenic gene combination was txtAB+/tomA+/nec1+; in this study, a total of 4 pathogenic Streptomyces species were identified. Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus were new pathogens of potato common scab.

  Effects Comparison of MABR Membranes and Microecological Preparations on Water Quality and its Nutrient Quality in Eriocheir sinensis Ponds ZHOU Hanlin, WU Chun, ZHANG Gaowei, WANG Xuanpeng 2024, 40 (32):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0190 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 17 ) In order to investigate the different effects brought by MABR membrane and microecological preparation in the process of Eriocheir sinensis culture, we used MABR membrane and microecological preparations in Eriocheir sinensis culture ponds under the background conditions of juvenile crabs cultivation stage, and investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of the two water treatments on the water quality and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis in the culture ponds through the determination of physical and chemical indexes of water quality, quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, and nutritional quality analysis of Eriocheir sinensis. The results showed that compared with the CK group, the group II approach had the best effect on the improvement of water quality, and reduced the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and COD in the pond water to different degrees; meanwhile, crude protein of the cultivated river crabs and crude fat contents were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids were the highest (P<0.05). While the group I approach significantly increased the plankton biomass (P<0.05), and the content of essential amino acids/total amino acids was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of MABR membrane and microecological agents can improve the water quality of Eriocheir sinensis culture ponds to a certain extent, and can also improve the nutritional quality of the cultivated Eriocheir sinensis.