Abstract: In accordance with the theory of agricultural ecology and the requirements of water-saving technology, drought-resistant cotton varieties were comprehensively examined at different plant densities and different basal nitrogen and phosphorous rates. The results of the three-year experiment indicated that compared with the yields at 45000 plants per hectare and 60000 plants per hectare, the cotton yield at 75000 plants per hectare increased by 671.85kg and 483.30 kg, or by 57.48% and 41.36%, respectively. Compared with the yield of Zhongmian 19(middle maturity), the yields of Shan 402(early maturity), and Shan576 (middle early-maturity) increased by 16.62 % and 16.1%, respectively. Compared with urea, diammonium phosphate increased cotton yield by 126kg and the two fertilizers at the rate ranging within 150~225kg per hectare increased cotton yield separately by 11.35% and 10.53%.