Forms and Spatial Distribution of Soil Phosphorus in Subtropical Natural Forest Land

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0588

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the spatial differentiation of soil P forms in the subtropical natural forest land, this study took the natural forest land of Lianhuashan scenic spot in the Qianjiangyuan National Park as the research object, both upper layer samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and the horizontal samples of representative soil profiles located in three terrain positions, including the top of slope, middle slope (hillside), slope toe, and also rhizosphere soils at the foot of the slope, were collected to characterize P forms for understanding the relationship between soil P composition and topography. The analysis results of both upper soil sample and profile soil horizonal samples showed that the organic C, total P, total organic P and various forms of organic P, Ca₂-P and available P had obvious surface enrichment characteristics, which gradually decreased with the soil depth. The averaged proportion of inorganic P in the total P was higher than that of organic P. The proportion of organic P to the total P and the proportions of both active and moderate active organic P to total organic P decreased in the order of slope toe > top > middle slope, and also decreased with the depth of the profile. The organic P in forest soil mainly existed in the medium active organic P and medium stable organic P, while inorganic P mainly existed in the occluded P (O-P) and Fe-P. Compared with the corresponding bulk soils, the rhizosphere soils contained lower total P and lower pH, the higher proportion of organic C, available P, proportion of organic P in the total P, proportion of active organic P in the organic P and proportion of Ca₂-P in the total P. The contents of organic P, Ca₂-P, Al-P and available P were significantly correlated with the contents of organic carbon. The results showed that the root uptake of P from deep soil, the return of dead leaves to the surface and migration of surface runoff were the main driving forces for the spatial differences of soil P in natural forest land.

Key words: natural forest land, soil, P form, vertical distribution, topography, organic P

ZHOU Huaping, ZHANG Zhouna, ZHANG Mingkui. Forms and Spatial Distribution of Soil Phosphorus in Subtropical Natural Forest Land[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 107-116.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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土层/ cm	点位	容重/ (g/cm³)	粘粒/ (g/kg)	pH	有机碳/ (g/kg)	全P/ (mg/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	有机磷/ %	无机P/ %
0~15	坡顶（细土）	1.17±0.02 c	216.60±5.86 bc	5.49±0.05 a	27.92±1.63 e	641.60±22.59 c	6.83±0.93 c	41.41±2.15 e	58.59±2.15 b
	中坡（细土）	1.12±0.02 d	182.20±13.29 c	5.25±0.04 c	32.73±2.14 d	554.40±14.47 d	5.53±0.59 c	48.16±2.09 d	51.84±2.09 c
	坡脚（细土）	0.87±0.02 e	219.00±9.11 bc	5.54±0.07 a	50.68±2.49 b	719.40±10.19 a	7.21±0.78 b	71.08±2.35 b	28.92±2.35 e
	坡脚（根际）	—	—	5.34±0.04 b	57.81±3.04 a	656.00±5.52 b	10.47±1.36 a	75.61±1.30 a	24.39±1.30 f
15~30	坡顶（细土）	1.25±0.02 a	235.60±7.44 ab	5.30±0.03 b	24.08±1.15 f	530.80±17.31 d	4.52±0.51 d	36.29±1.54 f	63.71±1.54 b
	中坡（细土）	1.21±0.02 b	189.20±8.87 c	5.30±0.05 bc	23.56±2.90 f	528.20±9.23 d	3.68±0.48 d	32.68±1.66 g	67.32±1.66 a
	坡脚（细土）	0.98±0.03 d	222.00±10.22 b	5.32±0.03 b	43.15±1.62 c	704.00±13.00 a	5.45±0.58 c	61.82±2.39 c	38.18±2.39 d
	坡脚（根际）	—	—	5.24±0.04 c	47.05±2.93 b	635.80±6.10 b	7.95±0.90 b	64.93±1.84 c	35.07±1.84 d

土层/ cm	点位	容重/ (g/cm³)	粘粒/ (g/kg)	pH	有机碳/ (g/kg)	全P/ (mg/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	有机磷/ %	无机P/ %
0~15	坡顶（细土）	1.17±0.02 c	216.60±5.86 bc	5.49±0.05 a	27.92±1.63 e	641.60±22.59 c	6.83±0.93 c	41.41±2.15 e	58.59±2.15 b
	中坡（细土）	1.12±0.02 d	182.20±13.29 c	5.25±0.04 c	32.73±2.14 d	554.40±14.47 d	5.53±0.59 c	48.16±2.09 d	51.84±2.09 c
	坡脚（细土）	0.87±0.02 e	219.00±9.11 bc	5.54±0.07 a	50.68±2.49 b	719.40±10.19 a	7.21±0.78 b	71.08±2.35 b	28.92±2.35 e
	坡脚（根际）	—	—	5.34±0.04 b	57.81±3.04 a	656.00±5.52 b	10.47±1.36 a	75.61±1.30 a	24.39±1.30 f
15~30	坡顶（细土）	1.25±0.02 a	235.60±7.44 ab	5.30±0.03 b	24.08±1.15 f	530.80±17.31 d	4.52±0.51 d	36.29±1.54 f	63.71±1.54 b
	中坡（细土）	1.21±0.02 b	189.20±8.87 c	5.30±0.05 bc	23.56±2.90 f	528.20±9.23 d	3.68±0.48 d	32.68±1.66 g	67.32±1.66 a
	坡脚（细土）	0.98±0.03 d	222.00±10.22 b	5.32±0.03 b	43.15±1.62 c	704.00±13.00 a	5.45±0.58 c	61.82±2.39 c	38.18±2.39 d
	坡脚（根际）	—	—	5.24±0.04 c	47.05±2.93 b	635.80±6.10 b	7.95±0.90 b	64.93±1.84 c	35.07±1.84 d

点位	深度/cm	容重/(g/cm³)	粘粒/(g/kg)	pH	有机碳/(g/kg)	全磷/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	有机磷/%	无机P/%
坡顶（细土）	0~15	1.17	214	5.46	28.54	623	6.52	41.25	58.75
	15~30	1.25	232	5.32	24.54	524	4.21	35.42	64.58
	30~45	1.31	265	5.28	13.54	446	2.18	26.54	73.46
	45~60	1.36	208	5.18	8.42	421	1.69	11.25	88.75
	60~75	1.39	187	5.21	6.52	489	1.25	8.56	91.44
	75~90	1.46	143	5.22	3.56	514	0.45	6.54	93.46
中坡（细土）	0~15	1.11	178	5.23	32.41	553	5.24	48.52	51.48
	15~30	1.21	184	5.32	21.48	523	3.52	32.54	67.46
	30~45	1.27	224	5.18	11.58	418	2.18	22.54	77.46
	45~60	1.26	235	5.24	7.54	387	1.23	15.65	84.35
	60~75	1.31	221	5.32	6.35	324	1.08	12.14	87.86
	75~90	1.46	164	5.42	4.25	447	1.12	8.65	91.35
坡脚（细土）	0~15	0.86	218	5.54	51.24	713	7.25	71.24	28.76
	15~30	0.98	221	5.32	42.18	708	5.32	62.51	37.49
	30~45	1.08	207	5.42	36.42	654	5.18	52.24	47.76
	45~60	1.21	231	5.48	31.25	587	4.32	35.24	64.76
	60~75	1.19	229	5.84	18.54	524	3.28	22.45	77.55
	75~90	1.34	237	5.96	11.14	438	2.54	19.65	80.35
坡脚（根际）	0~15	—	—	5.36	58.64	657	10.25	75.64	24.36
	15~30	—	—	5.24	47.85	642	7.56	65.48	34.52
	30~45	—	—	5.21	38.54	624	7.54	58.47	41.53
	45~60	—	—	5.28	35.47	534	6.52	42.65	57.35
	60~75	—	—	5.56	23.56	512	5.48	26.54	73.46

点位	深度/cm	容重/(g/cm³)	粘粒/(g/kg)	pH	有机碳/(g/kg)	全磷/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	有机磷/%	无机P/%
坡顶（细土）	0~15	1.17	214	5.46	28.54	623	6.52	41.25	58.75
	15~30	1.25	232	5.32	24.54	524	4.21	35.42	64.58
	30~45	1.31	265	5.28	13.54	446	2.18	26.54	73.46
	45~60	1.36	208	5.18	8.42	421	1.69	11.25	88.75
	60~75	1.39	187	5.21	6.52	489	1.25	8.56	91.44
	75~90	1.46	143	5.22	3.56	514	0.45	6.54	93.46
中坡（细土）	0~15	1.11	178	5.23	32.41	553	5.24	48.52	51.48
	15~30	1.21	184	5.32	21.48	523	3.52	32.54	67.46
	30~45	1.27	224	5.18	11.58	418	2.18	22.54	77.46
	45~60	1.26	235	5.24	7.54	387	1.23	15.65	84.35
	60~75	1.31	221	5.32	6.35	324	1.08	12.14	87.86
	75~90	1.46	164	5.42	4.25	447	1.12	8.65	91.35
坡脚（细土）	0~15	0.86	218	5.54	51.24	713	7.25	71.24	28.76
	15~30	0.98	221	5.32	42.18	708	5.32	62.51	37.49
	30~45	1.08	207	5.42	36.42	654	5.18	52.24	47.76
	45~60	1.21	231	5.48	31.25	587	4.32	35.24	64.76
	60~75	1.19	229	5.84	18.54	524	3.28	22.45	77.55
	75~90	1.34	237	5.96	11.14	438	2.54	19.65	80.35
坡脚（根际）	0~15	—	—	5.36	58.64	657	10.25	75.64	24.36
	15~30	—	—	5.24	47.85	642	7.56	65.48	34.52
	30~45	—	—	5.21	38.54	624	7.54	58.47	41.53
	45~60	—	—	5.28	35.47	534	6.52	42.65	57.35
	60~75	—	—	5.56	23.56	512	5.48	26.54	73.46

	土层/cm	点位	活性有机磷	中度活性有机磷	中稳性有机磷	高稳性有机磷
各形态有机磷含量/(mg/kg)	0~15	坡顶（细土）	26.22±2.56 d	120.91±6.06 e	92.08±11.34 c	26.77±5.16 e
		中坡（细土）	27.90±5.79 d	145.83±10.53 d	61.46±3.13 e	32.02±6.37 d
		坡脚（细土）	60.01±10.01 b	261.12±19.70 a	129.32±12.40 a	60.93±7.01 a
		坡脚（根际）	80.99±8.76 a	239.46±15.93 b	123.46±12.32 a	52.04±4.70 b
	15~30	坡顶（细土）	12.80±1.74 e	95.46±3.77 f	68.22±3.00 d	16.05±2.22 f
		中坡（细土）	10.98±2.02 e	74.83±4.01 g	60.56±3.42 e	26.17±3.09 e
		坡脚（细土）	37.46±7.21 c	231.72±29.39 bc	110.66±3.75 b	55.58±8.97 ab
		坡脚（根际）	50.30±7.80 b	202.65±14.92 c	115.84±5.04 b	44.11±5.76 c
各形态有机磷占有机磷/%	0~15	坡顶（细土）	9.87±0.71 de	45.57±2.03 e	34.53±1.46 a	10.03±1.60 cd
		中坡（细土）	10.36±1.45 cd	54.60±2.23 a	23.10±2.13 c	11.94±1.88 bc
		坡脚（细土）	11.72±1.69 bc	51.10±3.95 ab	25.27±2.01 c	11.91±1.28 bc
		坡脚（根际）	16.32±1.66 a	48.31±3.65 b	24.88±2.29 c	10.49±0.87 c
	15~30	坡顶（细土）	6.64±0.78 f	49.59±1.20 b	35.45±1.57 a	8.33±1.01 d
		中坡（细土）	6.36±1.11 f	43.38±1.59 e	35.13±2.00 a	15.13±1.19 a
		坡脚（细土）	8.60±1.52 e	53.09±4.48 ab	25.47±1.57 c	12.84±2.45 b
		坡脚（根际）	12.14±1.46 b	49.05±2.63 b	28.10±1.82 b	10.71±1.59 c