Abstract: The volatile oil from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim in Shaanxi Hancheng was distilled by vapor distillation–ether extraction. The chemical constituents of The volatile oil was analyzed by GC–MS. 80 compounds were separated from The volatile oil, among them 58 compounds have been identified. These compounds account to 93.83% of total volatile oil. The main chemical constituents are Limonene(25.58%); 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)- (13.38%); β-Myrcene(6.92%); γ-Terpinene(4.76%); β-Phellandrene(3.81%); Linalool(3.35%); 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, à,à,4-trimethyl- (3.28%); (E)-Ocimene (3.04%).