Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the evolution of main traits of peanut registered varieties in Liaoning Province in recent years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of new peanut varieties in this area. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out on 71 valid peanut varieties registered in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2024. Multiple traits such as variety types, breeding methods, main phenotypes, plant types, yields, and qualities were evaluated by methods such as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and cluster analysis. The study showed that from 2017 to 2024, a total of 71 valid peanut varieties were registered in Liaoning Province. 66.2% were pearl bean type, 87.3% were selected through hybridization and 78.9% of the selection units were scientific research institutes. In terms of phenotypic traits, the varieties were mainly upright in plant type, with elliptical leaves, green in color, ordinary pod shape, and light red seed coat; the leaf shape and pod shape had a large variation range, the plant type had the smallest variation range, and the leaf color trait had the richest genetic diversity. The average annual values of plant height and lateral branch length of the registered varieties showed a downward trend, and the growth period, yield, and quality traits were relatively stable; most of them showed moderate resistance to leaf spot, leaf blight, and rust. When the Euclidean distance was 11, the registered varieties were divided into four groups, which were materials of the dwarf type with plump kernels, large fruit type, late-maturing type, and early-maturing type with high oleic acid. This study revealed the evolution trend of the registered peanut varieties in Liaoning Province in recent years, which will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and efficient utilization of peanut varieties in Liaoning Province.

Key words: Liaoning, peanuts, registered varieties, high oleic acid, agronomic traits, cluster analysis