Abstract: Ecosystem health is a new research field in international academia in recent years. With the deterioration of environment, ecosystem cannot provide normal value of ecosystem services, in this way, the problem of ecosystem health has caused universal attentions. Ecosystem health means the system is dynamic, stable and has the ability of self-adjustment. Whether the ecosystem is healthy or not will directly affect the public health. This paper introduces the definition, evaluation methods and indexes of ecosystem health and the function of ecosystem services; points out the relationship between ecosystem health and public health. At last, strategic measures to protect environment and public health are put forward.