Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between tolerance to disease and salt of plant and tolerance to cold and NaCl of their haploid cell level in barley. Using barley lines with different tolerance to Fusarium head blight (TF) and Salt (TS) as donor materials, the response of in vitro culture of anther and microspores to cold and NaCl pretreatments were compared. The results showed: the frequency of callus induction from anther culture pretreated spikes for 17d with 5℃ was lower than that of anthers without cold pretreatment for lines with lower TF and the frequency of callus induction was higher from the cold pretreatment compared to the 0d treatment for lines with higher TF. The Freq. of survival of microspores was decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The decrease was lower for lines with higher TS than that of lines with lower TS and the decrease also lower for line with higher TF compared to that of line with lower TF. From the research, it could be suggested that the difference of tolerance to disease and salt of donor plants can be expressed in their anther and microspore level.