Abstract: The problems on rural economy are the key point in estabishing harmonious society. It is a result of qualitative change during the the quantitative changes of the differences between the rural and the ruban, the agricultural and the industrial, whose reason can be focus on the evolution of rights and interests of farmers, which is the foundational one of dual economical and distributive structures. The most pressing matter to resolve problems on rural economy and to establish harmonious society in China is to to turn the rights and interests back to farmers under the law of marketing economies during setting up the socialism marketing systems in China.