Abstract: In this work, we investigated the relationship between calcium and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) variety (Funong 95-1702) seedlings under water stress. It was found that there were no significant changes in the relative growth rate, the content of soluble protein and the activities of antioxidant enzymes by the pretreatment of EGTA of 1-3 mmol/L in sugarcane seedlings under normal condition. But the relative growth rate and the content of soluble protein were both decreased by the pretreatment of EGTA of 1-3 mmol/L under water stress: after treating of 24h, the content of soluble protein in seedlings under treatments of 1E+D (1mmol/L EGTA+30%PEG) and 3E+D (3mmol/L EGTA+30%PEG) were decreased by 40.2% and 54.3% respectively compared to that in seedlings under treatment of 30%PEG. In addition, the pretreatment of EGTA inhibited the PEG-induced increases in activities of superroxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and aggravated the PEG-induced decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT). It demonstrated that Ca2+ was involved in regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes under water stress and there might be a crosstalk between signal transduction pathways mediated by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS).