Abstract: The paper studied the negative impact of household responsibility system on the building of a new countryside in Dianhucun, Jiangsu Province. Dispersed small-scale operation pattern mobilized the enthusiasm of the farmers greatly and resolved the problem of food and clothing. Planned economy is replaced by market economy and the target of agriculture produce is to increase farmer’s income now. Compare to the scale operations, the dispersed small-scale operation lead to higher cost and poorer ability of products which impede increasing of farmer’s income, and the difficult of land transfer and the improvement of rural infrastructure. Household responsibility system is not conducive to the building of new countryside. The cooperative supplied some gaps of household responsibility system and favored the building of new countryside.