Abstract: To study the genetic diversity of different geographic migratory locust populations revealed by two different diversity parameters, the percent of polymorphic loci and Shannon’s index. The RAPD data of different geographic populations of migratory locust in China were analyzed with the percent of polymorphic loci and Shannon’s index. The average percent of polymorphic loci and the average Shannon’s index for the migratory locust populations in China varied from 59.17% to 77.38% and 4.95 to 6.09, respectively. Although there were significantly differences between the two indexes for some primers, the differences of the two indexes amongst the migratory locust populations were not significant (p<0.05). When the Shannon’s index was partitioned into two levels to analyze the genetic diversity of geographic populations of migratory locust, the average diversity within populations (66.85%) was much more than that between populations (23.15%), which was the same as those obtained with other methods. Highly genetic diversity in different geographical population of the migratory locust in China was revealed by the percent of polymorphic loci and Shannon’s index. Our results indicated that those two parameters were suitable to analyze RAPD data to reveal genetic diversity of insects.