Abstract: Based on the investigation for the consumption of the rural household biogas in Jiangsu , this paper concludes that per capita energy consumption of the family with biogas is lower than that without biogas, because biogas alternates biomass used by legging way and some commercial energy, and it also contributes to adjust the energy structure of raising the proportion of new energy and commodities. Furthermore, choosing biogas, for rural household, is influencd by many factors, of which the financial and technical support from government playes the biggest positive role.The raising of per capita amount of live pigs and the increase of the highest years of schooling of the staying-home population are positively related to the choice of biogas. However, if farmers live in major grain-producing area or use LPG, they will not choose biogas. And the per capita net income and proportion of the employed labourer in a family act negative role: with their increase, farmers declin the probability of choosing biogas.