Abstract: Abstract: Iron is an important component in anther culture medium of rice. In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 early japonica combinations F1 of cool region (lines) in medium of different Fe2+ content , we found that Fe2+ content have greater impact in the induction rate and the rate of green plant on differentiation. The results showed that Fe2+ will be increased to 32-40 mg/kg had largest induced rate in N6 medium, higher than the N6 medium (Fe2+ content is 5.6mg/kg) 1.4 times more, in this within, with Fe2+ content increase, the induced rate increase, more than this content, the induced rate induce, showed a single peak of distribution. When Fe2+ content in differentiation medium increased to 40mg/kg, the differentiation rate was significantlylower. But the rate of green plant on the differentiation of callus was obvious differences in MS medium, which was induced in the medium of 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ content, about 71.4% of materials can improve the efficiency of anther culture to 9.2%.So, we consider that increasing the Fe2+ content in induced medium can increase anther culture efficiency of early japonica in cold region.