Abstract: The experiment was conducted in jinxiang county, Shandong province, and the selected variety was locally current ‘white garlic’. Six fertilization treatments and five N levels were designed to study the N effect on garlic yield and the nitrogen balance in the soil profile. The result showed that an increasing trend was observed for the garlic yield with the growing N application rates, and the growth rate ranged from 25.4 to 40.2％.It is indicated that treatment MN3(N 240 kg/ha) was the optimal N application rate under local condition. Results showed the apprant mineralized amount of soil organic N, and net mineralized amount of organic fertilizer were N 134.5 and 34.2 kg/ha respectively within the whole growing season. The optimum applying N rates of seedling stage, the phase of flower bud differentiation and garlic bolt elongation, bulb inflation phase were 158.6、128.0、211.6 kg/ha respectively. On the other hand, N loss increased (32.0~40.4%) accordingly with the growth of the N application rates, and the benefit per N rate reduced from 97 to 35 yuan per yuan input with the growing N application rates. A conclusion was conducted from the experiment that not only the yield should be thought a lot, but also the economic and environmental benefits be considered for the garlic fertilization.