Abstract: Taking the west of Heilongjiang province as a case ,an integrated ecological risk index was built based on climate ,soil and lucc. Regional physical background ,ecosystem frangibility ,landscape fragmentation and external interference constitute the ecological risk index system .With the support of geographical information system technology ,the state of ecological risk in the west Heilongjiang province was analyzed .The results showed that the spatial distribution of ecological risk had a significant regional difference ,and the ecological risk was higher in the around of center city , the ecological risk was lower in northwest Qiqihar city , Fuyu county and northeast Lindian county, other region was in the middle.